Abstract: The present invention provides a surface-treated silica filler for suppressing an increase in viscosity when added to a resin composition used for applications such as a semiconductor sealing material, and the resin composition containing the surface-treated silica filler. The surface-treated silica filler of the present invention is surface-treated with a basic substance having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of its conjugate acid of 9.4 or more.

Abstract: The invention is directed to electrically conductive particles comprising a metallic core, a dielectric layer encapsulating said metallic core, and a silver containing outer-layer, wherein said metallic core comprises or consists of elemental metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, zinc, and alloys, and mixtures thereof, said dielectric layer comprises at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, organic polymer, and mixtures thereof, wherein said silver containing layer is a continuous and opaque layer, wherein a silver ion coordinating layer is arranged between said dielectric layer and said silver containing layer and, optionally a further outer surface modification layer in amount of 0 to 3 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the electrically conductive particles.

Abstract: A coating composition and a method is used to coat metallic substrates for corrosion resistance. The coating composition includes acid, metal acetate, organosilane and water. The method includes steps of depositing the composition on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate and allowing the composition to dry to form a sol-gel coating on the substrate.

Abstract: Some variations provide an anti-fouling segmented copolymer composition comprising: (a) one or more first soft segments selected from fluoropolymers; (b) one or more second soft segments selected from polyesters or polyethers; (c) one or more isocyanate species possessing an isocyanate functionality of 2 or greater, or a reacted form thereof; (d) one or more polyol or polyamine chain extenders or crosslinkers, or a reacted form thereof; and (e) a fluid additive selectively disposed in the first soft segments or in the second soft segments. Other variations provide an anti-fouling segmented copolymer precursor composition comprising a fluid additive precursor selectively disposed in the first soft segments or in the second soft segments, wherein the fluid additive precursor includes a protecting group. The anti-fouling segmented copolymer composition may be present in an anti-ice coating, an anti-bug coating, an anti-friction coating, an energy-transfer material, or an energy-storage material, for example.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a nanotube solution being treated with a molecular additive, a nanotube film having enhanced adhesion property due to the treatment of the molecular additive, and methods for forming the nanotube solution and the nanotube film. The nanotube solution includes a liquid medium, nanotubes in the liquid medium, and a molecular additive in the liquid medium, wherein the molecular additive includes molecules that provide source elements for forming a group IV oxide within the nanotube solution. The molecular additive can introduce silicon (Si) and/or germanium (Ge) in the liquid medium, such that nominal silicon and/or germanium concentrations of the nanotube solution ranges from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a conductive paste comprising a fine silver particle dispersion and a glass frit, wherein the fine silver particle dispersion comprising: (1) 65 to 95.4% by weight of fine silver particles which have average primary particle diameter of 10 to 190 nm and which comprise 25% by number or less of silver particles having primary particle diameter of 100 nm or larger, (2) 4.5 to 34.5% by weight of a solvent, (3) 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of ethyl cellulose having weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 120,000. Also provided are: a method of manufacturing an electrically conductive thick film comprising steps of: (a) applying said fine silver particle dispersion on a substrate, and (b) heating the applied fine silver particle dispersion at 80 to 1000° C.; and an electrical device comprising a conductive thick film made with the foregoing paste.

Abstract: Methods and systems of the invention, for achieving a liquid-applicable, aqueous-based coating composition that forms a water-impermeable, vapor permeable barrier coating when applied onto a construction surface and allowed to dry, involve mixing together separate first and second components, wherein the first component comprises an acrylic emulsion, flame retardant, clay, and optionally at least one additive selected from thickeners (e.g., cellulosic), fillers, and other conventional additives; and wherein the second component comprises a freezing point depressing agent with a specific type of thickener selected from the group of associative thickeners, alkali soluble emulsion thickeners, or mixture thereof, to obtain the liquid-applicable coating. The present invention achieves low temperature film formation without reliance upon calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate, or sodium chloride type of freezing point depressing salts. The coating can be applied at low (e.g.

Abstract: In the field of consumable materials for automatic analytical instruments, transparent plastic cuvettes having increased scratch resistance and a method for producing same includes contacting exclusively an outer surface of the transparent plastic cuvette with a liquid comprising at least one surfactant or with a triglyceride and subsequently drying the outer surface such that scattered-light optical properties of the transparent plastic are not adversely affected.

Abstract: An aqueous writing, marking and/or drawing liquid is configured for capillary systems, more particularly for applicator implements having a capillary system. The liquid has a viscosity of less than 50 mPas, more particularly less than 20 mPas (Brookfield, 20° C., cone-plate CPE-40). The liquid contains a wetting agent, graphite having a carbon content of between 95 and 99.9 wt %, an ash content of between 0.1 and 5 wt %, and a particle size ?20 ?m at D90, and at least one release agent, more particularly in a concentration of 2 to 15 wt %. The release agent contains barium sulfate and/or an aqueous, highly mobile, nonsedimenting colloidal dispersion of nanoparticulate silicon dioxide particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pigment water dispersion containing pigment-containing water-insoluble crosslinked polymer A particles, a water-soluble basic compound and water, in which a water-insoluble crosslinked polymer A constituting the particles has a carboxy group and a crosslinked structure containing an ester group derived from a water-insoluble crosslinking agent, a saponification value of the water-insoluble crosslinked polymer A is from 170 to 300 mgKOH/g, and the water-soluble basic compound contains a water-soluble amine compound; a process for producing the pigment water dispersion; a water-based ink for ink-jet printing which contains the pigment water dispersion; and an ink-jet printing method using the water-based ink.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous ink of active energy ray curable type for ink jet. The aqueous ink contains resin particles and a photo acid generator. The resin particles include a reactive group-containing resin having at least one reactive group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group and a vinyl ether group. Further provided are an ink cartridge and an ink jet recording method in which the aqueous ink is used.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method includes printing an image on a printing medium including a transparent substrate and an ink-receiving layer on one side of the transparent substrate by applying a first ink and a second ink onto the surface of the ink-receiving layer of the printing medium in such a manner that the first ink and the second ink are at least partially superposed one on the other. The first ink is an aqueous ink containing silver particles, and the second ink is an aqueous ink containing a dye. The particle size at 50% in the cumulative volume distribution of the silver particles is larger than the average pore size of the ink-receiving layer.

Abstract: A pencil lead and a pencil containing the pencil lead wherein the pencil lead is polymer-based, extrudable, non-expanded, non-calcined and comprises graphite, of which 25% to 100% by weight or 50% to 100% by weight of the graphite, in relation to the total weight of the graphite, is expanded graphite.

Abstract: Provided is a surface treatment agent which does not use fluorine-containing monomers, particularly fluoroalkyl group-containing monomers. The surface treatment agent is a water-based emulsion which includes: a copolymer (1) which includes a first polymer formed from first monomers, and a second polymer formed from second monomers, wherein the second polymer is polymerized in the presence of the first polymer, the first monomers include a long-chain acrylate ester monomer (a) represented by the formula CH2?CA11—C(?O)—O-A12 (in the formula, A11 represents hydrogen, a monovalent organic group, or a halogen, and A12 represents a C18-30 straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group), the first monomers do not include a halogenated olefin monomer (b), and the second monomers include the halogenated olefin monomer (b); a surfactant (2) including a nonionic surfactant; and a liquid medium (3) including water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adhesion promotor for improving adhesion on a substrate surface of an RMA crosslink able composition comprising one or more crosslinkable components comprising a reactive component A with at least two acidic protons C—H in activated methylene or methine groups, a reactive component B with at least two activated unsaturated C?C groups, a catalyst C for catalyzing the RMA crosslinking reaction between components A and B, said adhesion promotor P comprising a moiety comprising one or more functional groups X or precursors thereof readable with component A or component B and a moiety comprising one or more functional groups Y or precursors thereof that adsorb or react with the substrate surface not being an alkoxysilane group. The invention also relates to a RMA crosslinkable composition, also in the form of a kit of parts, to a premix for use as a part in the kit of parts.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polyurethane composition comprising a reaction product of an isocyanate component comprising one or more aromatic isocyanates, wherein the aromatic isocyanate has an isocyanate (NCO) content of about 2-30% NCO; and a polyol component comprising a polyol having an equivalent weight (EW) of about 1500-2500, an aromatic diamine, a moisture scavenger and a catalyst. A process for preparing the polyurethane composition and an article, coating or film comprising the polyurethane composition are also provided.

Abstract: Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) polishing compositions, methods and systems are provided to reduce oxide trench dishing and improve over-polishing window stability. High and tunable silicon oxide removal rates, low silicon nitride removal rates, and tunable SiO2: SiN selectivity are also provided. The compositions use a unique combination of abrasives such as ceria coated silica particles and chemical additives such as maltitol, lactitol, maltotritol or combinations as oxide trench dishing reducing additives.

Abstract: An adhesive member for a display device is disclosed. The adhesive member may include an adhesive film configured to roll along a rolling axis. The adhesive film may include an adhesive portion including a plurality of adhesive lines. The plurality of adhesive lines may not be orthogonal to the rolling axis.

Abstract: Provided are a self-adsorbable foamed laminate sheet having excellent weather resistance and causing no paste residue, and a composition for a self-adsorbable foamed sheet used to obtain the self-adsorbable foamed laminate sheet. A composition for a self-adsorbable foamed sheet comprises: a copolymer containing an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer unit and having a solubility parameter (SP value) of 9.7 (cal/cm3)1/2 or less and a glass-transition temperature of ?10° C. or less; and a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A composition having excellent adhesiveness to poorly adhesive materials such as polyolefins is provided. The solution is a composition comprising the following (1) to (2): (1) (meth)acrylates containing the following (1-1) to (1-3): (1-1) a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group, (1-2) an alkyl (meth)acrylate, and (1-3) a (meth)acrylate having a cyclic ether skeleton, and (2) an organoboron compound. The content ratio of (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3) is (1-1):(1-2):(1-3)=(10 to 90):(5 to 80):(5 to 80) in mass ratio in 100 parts by mass of (1) (meth)acrylates.

Abstract: The invention provides protein adhesives and methods of making and using such adhesives. One type of protein adhesive described herein contains lignin and ground plant meal or an isolated polypeptide composition obtained from plant biomass. Other types of protein adhesives described herein contain a plant protein composition and either a hydroxyaromatic/aldehyde, urea/aldehyde, or amine/aldehyde component.

Abstract: A magnetizable abrasive particle comprises a ceramic body having an outer surface and a magnetizable layer disposed on a portion, but not the entirety, of the outer surface. The ceramic body comprises a platelet having two opposed major facets connected to each other by a plurality of side facets. The magnetizable layer completely covers one of the two opposed major facets, and the magnetizable layer has a magnetic dipole oriented perpendicular or parallel to the facet which it completely covers. A plurality of the magnetizable abrasive particles, and abrasive articles including them are also disclosed. Methods of making the foregoing are also disclosed.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention disclose a mixed refrigerant for a cryogenic temperature range, and methods for preparing and applying the same. The mixed refrigerant comprises six types of refrigerants: the first type of refrigerant is argon or nitrogen; the second type of refrigerant is methane or krypton; the third type of refrigerant is tetrafluoromethane; the fourth type of refrigerant is trifluoromethane or fluoromethane; the fifth type of refrigerant is at least one of 2,3,3,3?tetrafluoro-1-propene, hexafluoropropylene, pentafluoropropene, and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene; and the sixth type of refrigerant is at least one of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, monochloro-trifluoropropene, and hexafluoro-2-butene. The mixed refrigerant has the advantages of a low ODP value, a low GWP value and non-flammability, it achieves the beneficial effects of non-toxic, environmental-friendly, convenient and safe, and it is for large-scale industrial production applications.

Abstract: A composition for a heat cycle system and a heat cycle system employing the composition are provided. The composition has favorable lubricating properties and contains a working fluid for heat cycle and a refrigerant oil. The working fluid has a low global warming potential and can replace R410A. The working fluid contains an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having a specific structure. The refrigerant oil has a breakdown voltage of at least 25 kV, a hydroxyl value of at most 0.1 mgKOH/g, and a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 5 to 200 mm2/s and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 2 to 30 mm2/s.

Abstract: A particulate material is mainly composed of alumina, has a volume average particle diameter of from 70 to 200 ?m, has a degree of sphericity of from 0.89 or more to less than 0.99, has a degree of alfa-aluminization of from 40 to 85%, and produces a result of 0.017 g or less in an abrasion test for equipment.

Abstract: Invert emulsion drilling fluids having a combination of fatty acids derived from waste vegetable oil (WVO) and a fatty amine as a rheology modifier are provided. An invert emulsion drilling fluid may include a water in oil emulsion, an invert emulsifier, a fatty amine having six to thirty carbon atoms, and a fatty acid having six to eighteen carbon atoms. The fatty acid is provided by esterifying a waste vegetable oil to produce a methyl ester of the waste vegetable oil and cleaving an ester group from the methyl ester of the waste vegetable oil. The invert emulsion drilling fluid may be formulated free of organoclay. Methods of drilling a wellbore using an invert emulsion drilling fluid are also provided.

Abstract: A wellbore servicing composition comprising: cement kiln dust (CKD), an organic acid, and water. A method of servicing a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, comprising: placing a wellbore servicing composition into the wellbore, wherein the wellbore servicing composition comprises CKD, an organic acid, and water. A method of servicing a wellbore with annular space between a wellbore wall and casing disposed therein, wherein a first fluid is present in at least a portion of the annular space, comprising placing a second fluid into at least a portion of the annular space and displacing at least a portion of the first fluid from the annular space, and placing a third fluid into at least a portion of the annular space and displacing at least a portion of the second fluid from the annular space, wherein the second fluid, the third fluid, or both comprise CKD, an organic acid, and water.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid plugging anti-sloughing agent, the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and emulsifying a styrene monomer, an acrylic monomer and an emulsifier MS-1 aqueous solution to prepare a pre-polymerization emulsion; dispersing hydrophilic monomer, cationic monomer and an emulsifier MS-1 in water, adjusting the pH to be within a range of 6.5-8.

Abstract: Systems and methods include using a fracture fluid downhole for fracturing a formation. The method includes providing an aqueous solution comprising dissolved solids at a certain ionic strength, and adding a proppant to create a fracture fluid. The method continues by adding a polymeric additive and a surfactant to the fracture fluid, wherein the polymeric additive comprises friction reducing capabilities that can be decreased by the ionic strength present in the fracture fluid (i.e., ionic strength originally found in the water). The addition of the polymeric additive and the surfactant to the fracture fluid creates an enhanced fracture fluid, wherein the surfactant increases the performance of the friction reducing capabilities of the polymeric additive in the enhanced fracture fluid, which provides a more efficient fracturing operation. The method concludes by pumping the enhanced fracture fluid downhole for a more efficient fracture of the formation.

Abstract: The invention discloses use of a uranium-containing compound as a scintillator. The uranium-containing compound is a uranium-containing organic-inorganic hybrid compound or a uranium-containing inorganic compound. The uranium-containing organic-inorganic hybrid compound is a uranium-containing organic carboxylate or a uranium-containing organophosphate. The uranium-containing inorganic compound is a uranium-containing non-metallate, a uranium-containing metal salt, or a uranium-containing halide. The invention discloses the uranium-containing organic-inorganic compound or the uranium-containing inorganic compound having intrinsic scintillating ability, and provides a new concept and method for the development of (organic-inorganic, inorganic) scintillators of various chemical compositions and configurations with the uranium element.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic layer is formed by a liquid crystal compound represented by General Formula 1, in which the long axes of the molecules are oriented. wherein L1 and L2 independently represent a linking group having a carbonyl group; F1 and F2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom; n and m independently represent an integer from 0 to 4; a and b independently represent an integer from 1 to 4; T1 and T2 independently represent a spacer portion including a straight chain or branched alkylene or alkylene oxide group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and Ar represents a divalent group having at least one aromatic ring selected from a group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic heterocycles, the number of ? electrons in the Ar group being 8 or greater.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline media (LC media) containing a low-molecular-weight, non-polymer component, and a combination of self-alignment additives for vertical alignment of two or more of the specified kinds (formulae IA to IM). The combination of two or more self-alignment additives affect homeotropic (vertical) alignment of the LC media at a surface or the cell surfaces of a liquid-crystal display (LC display).

Abstract: An alumina-silica hydrate fiber for thermal protection in the most hazardous environments experienced by firefighters. The fiber has a combination of heat resistance at temperatures above 1,000° C. and an endothermic behavior when heated. Its endothermic condensation reaction releases up to 12% water upon heating, thereby contributing to the thermal insulating properties. The fibers are extremely soft to the touch and do not irritate the skin. They are also non-respirable in the deep lung, so they can be used safely without risk of inhalation. The fabric is sufficiently lightweight and flexible as well, allowing firefighters to move easily. These properties of alumina-silica hydrate fibers enable their use for apparel.

Abstract: A polybrominated flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant material, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The polybrominated flame-retardant compound includes a cyclododecane moiety, at least two bromo groups, and at least one substituent having a reactive functional group. The process includes forming a polybromocyclododecane (PBCD) compound having at least one reactive functional group and incorporating the PBCD compound into a polymer in a process that includes covalent binding of the PBCD compound. The article of manufacture includes a flame-retardant material that comprises a polymer with a covalently-bound PBCD compound.

Abstract: A delayed coking process for producing high grade coke comprising: introducing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising asphaltenes to at least one fractionator to produce at least a bottoms fraction, an intermediate fraction and a light naphtha fraction: passing the bottoms fraction to a delayed coker unit furnace for heating to a predetermined coking temperature; passing the heated bottoms fraction to a first delayed coker unit to produce a first coke product and a first effluent substantially free of asphaltenes and comprising resins; and passing the first effluent to a second delayed coker unit to produce a second coke product comprising the high grade coke.

Abstract: A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

Abstract: Improved catalytic reforming processes and systems employ reforming reactors in a more efficient manner and can avoid problems associated with yield loss. Aromatics and isoparaffins are separated prior to passing to a reforming unit. An integrated process for producing gasoline blending components includes: separating a naphtha feedstream into an aromatic-rich stream and an aromatic-lean stream; separating the aromatic-lean stream into an isoparaffin-rich stream and an isoparaffin-lean stream; and catalytically reforming the isoparaffin-lean stream to produce a reformate stream.

Abstract: A novel process/system for flexibly producing chemicals and fuels from a petroleum feed such as crude comprise a flashing drum, a first cracker (e.g., a fluidized bed pyrolysis cracker or an oxidative cracker), and an olefin-to-gasoline reaction zone. The process/system can also include a steam cracker and a hydrotreater. The process/system can convert crude oil into hydrogen, C2-C4 olefins, gas oil and distillates with various amounts by adjusting the cut point of the bottoms effluent exiting the flashing drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for upgrading refinery heavy residues to petrochemicals, comprising the following steps of: (a) separating a hydrocarbon feedstock in a distillation unit into a to overhead stream and a bottom stream (b) feeding said bottom stream to a hydrocracking reaction area (c) separating reaction products, which are generated from said reaction area of step (b) into a stream rich in mono-aromatics and in a stream rich in poly-aromatics (d) feeding said stream rich in mono-aromatics to a gasoline hydrocracker (GHC) unit, (e) feeding said stream rich in poly-aromatics to a ring opening reaction area.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided herein having a first reaction zone to lower sulfur and nitrogen content of the initial feedstock to a target level to facilitate processing in a second reaction zone for deep hydrogenation. With the very low heteroatom content, noble metal catalyst materials used in the second reaction zone are protected and maximum saturation of aromatics is achieved. The processes and systems herein are suitable for converting certain heavy fractions, typically considered “low value” feedstocks, into higher value products including gasoline and diesel, and a hydrogen-rich, aromatic-lean heavy fraction suitable as feed for olefin production processes, or as a lubricant base oil.

Abstract: A paraffin control unit with staged high voltage temperature controlled electric immersion heaters to maintain the paraffin component of the crude oil in the liquid phase. The paraffin control unit removes large volumes of naturally occurring fine sand from the incoming liquids while also removing the crude oil from the influent fluid stream, the natural gas from the influent fluid stream, salt water from the influent fluid stream, all while maintaining the temperature of the crude oil fraction above the cloud point of its paraffin constituent. The removed sand is collected in sand pans and is automatically removed at timed intervals. The automation assures that the accumulating sand is removed from the sand pans as rapidly as it accumulates, thus preventing an over-accumulation of sand. The process fluids flow through a coalescer and a baffle assembly which purify and separate the component phases suitable for custody transfer.

Abstract: The present invention aims a new diesel composition comprising a diesel fuel and from 0.01 to 0.8% by volume of a glycerol acetal or ketal. The new diesel composition shows a higher cetane number and better lubricity performances compared to known diesel compositions.

Abstract: A method for production of at least one tannic product and a bark product having enhanced fuel value is disclosed. The method comprises disintegrating bark; compressing the disintegrated bark to recover a first liquid extract comprising tannic substances; impregnating the compressed bark with a first aqueous impregnation composition at a pH below 7, and at temperature within the range of 45-80° C.; dewatering the impregnated bark to recover a second liquid extract comprising tannic substances and a dewatered bark product; recirculating at least a part of the second liquid extract to the impregnation step, wherein the first aqueous impregnation composition comprises a mixture of said recirculated part of the second liquid extract and optionally fresh water; optionally combining said first liquid extract with the non-recirculated part of said second liquid extract; and adding sulphite salt to said first liquid extract and to said non-recirculated part of said second liquid extract.

Abstract: Methods are provided for simple and efficient carbonization of cellulosic and/or lignin-containing materials to generate a char suitable for use as a pellet fuel. Cellulosic and/or lignin-containing waste materials can be suspended in water with a catalyst and, optionally, a carbonate and heated to generate a char. This char can be dried and formed into carbonized pellets suitable for use as fuel.

Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate grease composition comprising a reduced amount of overbased calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxyapatite, base oil, one or more converting agents, and one or more complexing acids if a complex grease is desired. The calcium sulfonate grease composition improves thickener yield and expected high temperature utility as demonstrated by dropping point. A method of making the composition comprising the steps of mixing the calcium sulfonate and base oil, adding the calcium carbonate either before or after conversion, adding one or more converting agents, and adding one or more complexing acids. All or a portion of one or more of the complexing acids may be added with or prior to the one or more converting agents.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to lubricating oil compositions, and in particular, lubricating oil compositions for slideway applications, additive compositions for the slideway lubricants, and methods of lubricating a machine part, such as a slideway with the lubricating oil compositions. In one aspect, the lubricating oil compositions have a composition that provides both good friction performance and good separability from metal working fluids at the same time.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and a protic acid salt of an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted gamma-(?-) or delta-amino(thio)ester. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.

Abstract: Provided are: a lubricating oil composition containing a mineral oil (A) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 15 mm2/s and a flash point of 180° C. or higher, a synthetic oil (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 15 mm2/s and a flash point of 190° C. or higher, an amide compound (C) and a polyol ester compound (D), which has a low viscosity and fuel saving performance, which can be used in high-temperature environments, and which has excellent gear anti-seizing property and anti-shudder performance; and a lubrication method and a transmission using the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A method of purifying biomass-based lipid material, as disclosed includes providing a feed of biomass-based lipid material; optionally drying the feed; removing oxygen from the feed under reduced pressure; heat treating the feed at 180 to 300° C. under reduced pressure to solidify at least part of phosphorous and/or metal containing impurities, simultaneously distilling off at least part of free fatty acids and low molecular weight nitrogen compounds, to obtain at least a fraction containing free fatty acids and low molecular weight nitrogen compounds, and heat treated biomass-based lipid material containing degraded phosphorous and/or metal containing impurities in solid form; and removing the solid degraded phosphorous and/or metal containing impurities from the second fraction.