Abstract: Provided are a method by which an access stratum (AS) layer of a terminal determines a radio resource control (RRC) state in a wireless communication system, and a device for supporting the same. The method can comprise the steps of: entering an RRC_INACTIVE state; receiving, from a core network (CN), CN paging in the RRC_INACTIVE state; forwarding a UE ID of the terminal and a CN domain to a non-access stratum (NAS) layer of the terminal; receiving an RRC connection release request from the NAS layer of the terminal; and entering an RRC_IDLE state on the basis of the received RRC connection release request.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program are disclosed that perform in a wireless network: monitoring radio network connectivity release requests received from a wireless device of a given subscriber of the wireless network; determining a radio network connectivity release request frequency based on the radio network connectivity release requests received from the wireless device; receiving a current radio network connectivity release request from the wireless device; determining whether the radio network connectivity release request frequency meets a first threshold and: if yes, taking first corrective action to mitigate network load by excessive radio network connectivity release requests.

Abstract: An emergency dispatch system may determine that an emergency vehicle has been dispatched to a predefined gated community, based on a dispatch address being within the gated community. The system may access a database to obtain a custom map pre-associated with the gated community. The system may also determine a path to an emergency location within the gated community, based on the custom map and send the path and the custom map to the vehicle, responsive to determining the path.

Abstract: Accordingly the embodiments herein provide a for providing a Radio Link Control (RLC) status report based on a configuration of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity of a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network system. The method comprises detecting, at the UE, that a RLC layer is configured to an Acknowledge Mode (AM), informing, at the UE, a t-reordering timer from the PDCP entity of the UE to a RLC entity of the UE, receiving, at the UE, a first Packet Data unit (PDU) by the entity and at least one second PDU by the RLC entity, detecting, by the UE, a PDU gap when the first PDU and the second PDU are not consecutive; providing, by the UE, the RLC status report to a transmitter side of the RLC entity of a network to recover packets missed in the PDU gap based on the t-reordering timer, and recovering, by the network, the packets based on the RLC status report.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for using a medium access control protocol data unit in a message 3 buffer. One method includes, in response to a medium access control protocol data unit being in a message 3 buffer and receiving an uplink grant: obtaining the medium access control protocol data unit from the message 3 buffer; if a first size of the uplink grant does not match a second size of the medium access control protocol data unit: indicating to a multiplexing and assembly entity to include medium access control sub-protocol data units carrying medium access control service data units from the obtained medium access control protocol data unit in a subsequent uplink transmission; and obtaining the medium access control protocol data unit from the multiplexing and assembly entity.

Abstract: Embodiments of a User Equipment (UE), Evolved Node-B (eNB) and methods for communication in accordance with a packet convergence and link control (PCLC) layer are generally described herein. The UE may receive, from a Fifth Generation (5G) eNB, a first group of medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) that include PCLC PDUs. In accordance with PCLC sequence numbers (SNs), the UE may reorder the PCLC PDUs and may decipher the PCLC PDUs. The UE may receive, from a legacy eNB, a second group of MAC PDUs that include packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) PDUs encapsulated in radio link control (RLC) PDUs. The UE may reorder the RLC PDUs based on RLC SNs and may decipher the RLC PDUs based on PDCP SNs that are exclusive to the RLC SNs.

Abstract: A method for wireless communications is provided. The method includes receiving, by a communication device, duplication assistance information from a network, wherein the communication device is configured with a first Radio Link Control (RLC) entity and a second RLC entity; duplicating, by the communication device, a first PDCP Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to create a second PDCP PDU that is a copy of the first PDCP PDU; submitting, by the communication device, the first PDCP PDU and the second PDCP PDU to the first RLC entity and the second RLC entity, respectively; and discarding, by the communication device, the second PDCP PDU in a buffer of the second RLC entity based on the duplication assistance information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A method for providing data protection to members of a Vertical Application Layer (VAL) group is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiagent system having multiple agents in communication with each other via a communication network. The agents can be tasked with performing a global objective. At least a subset of the agents can also be tasked with performing a local objective in addition to the global objective. Performance of the local objective can occur without deteriorating performance of the global objective.

Abstract: A system for controlling assets via smart power switching devices having at least one beacon, at least one switch, and at least one battery selector. The at least one switch is a power controlling device programmed to control a plurality of assets. The at least one beacon, the at least one switch, and the at least one battery selector connect through a wireless mesh network. The at least one beacon, the at least one switch, and the at least one battery selector each communicate via wireless communication.

Abstract: A battery powered controller system preferably includes at least one battery, a master programmable controller, a slave programmable controller, a master wireless communication device and a slave wireless communication device. The master wireless communication device is connected to the master programmable controller. The slave wireless communication device is connected to the slave programmable controller. The master programmable controller sends instructions to the slave programmable controller through the master and slave wireless communications. The master programmable controller and the master wireless communication device are attached to a base unit. The slave wireless communication device and the slave programmable controller are attached to a rotational head. The slave programmable controller and the slave wireless communication device are powered by the battery through power input ports.

Abstract: The wireless communication device includes one or more wireless transceivers and a controller. The one or more wireless transceivers detect(s) one or more first frequency bands of one or more cellular networks, and detect(s) one or more second frequency bands of one or more non-cellular networks. The controller selects one of the first frequency bands and one of the second frequency bands, which do not overlap, and assigns the selected first frequency band to one of the wireless transceivers, thereby enabling one of the wireless transceivers to camp on a cell on the selected first frequency band. Also, the controller assigns the selected second frequency band to one of the wireless transceivers, thereby enabling one of the wireless transceivers to connect to one of the non-cellular networks on the selected second frequency band.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing a 5G interoperability architecture. In one embodiment, a system is disclosed, comprising: at least one Radio Access network (RAN); at least one core network; and a gateway in communication with the RAN and the core network, the gateway including: a Radio Access Network (RAN) interface for communicating with the at least one RAN; a core network interface for communicating with the at least one core network; and a processor configured to: process 5G signaling received from the at least one RAN on the RAN interface and provide core signaling to at least one core network; and process signaling received from the at least one core on the core network interface and provide 5G RAN signaling to at least one RAN.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a ceramic heating element with multiple temperature zones, which comprises a ceramic heating element. The ceramic heating element consists of a first ceramic substrate, a second ceramic substrate, a heating circuit, an electrode pad, a heating temperature zone, an independent electrode lead and a common electrode, the first ceramic substrate and the second ceramic substrate are stacked and rolled to form a cylindrical or elliptic structure with a center hole, the heating circuit is printed on a front face of the second ceramic substrate, a plurality of electrode pads are printed on a back face of the second ceramic substrate, and a plurality of through holes are machined on an upper surface of the second ceramic substrate. The utility model has the beneficial effects of a simple structure and strong practicability.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device may include a housing having flexible portion along its length. The flexible portion is configured to transition between a relaxed or unloaded configuration and a flexed or deflected configuration. A flexible heating element and mouthpiece may also be disposed in the housing. When the housing is in a relaxed or unloaded configuration, the flexible heating element and the mouthpiece are at least partially longitudinally aligned with the flexible portion of the housing.

Abstract: Processes and systems for pasteurizing and sterilizing a plurality of articles in a microwave heating system are provided. In certain aspects, groups of articles may be passed by a microwave launcher in a first convey direction and a second, opposite convey direction, so that each group of articles passes the microwave launcher more than once. Processes and systems described herein are also configured to uniformly heat spaced apart groups of articles without disrupting the operation of the microwave generator or distribution system.

Abstract: A user interface for a microwave oven. The user interface including: a power input element for receiving user input to adjust a cooking power setting; a time input element for receiving user input to adjust a cooking time setting; a display element for displaying the cooking power setting and the cooking time setting; and a processor module that receives a first signal from the power input element that is indicative of an adjustment to a cooking power setting and a second signal from the time input element that is indicative of an adjustment to a cooking time setting; the processor being coupled to the display element to cause the display to present the user selected cooking power setting and the user selected cooking time setting; wherein: upon commencing a cooking cycle, user input applied to the power input module caused the user selected cooking power setting to be adjusted.

Abstract: A method for matching an impedance of a system comprising a cavity and one or more feeds to an impedance of one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation irradiating a plurality of frequencies into the cavity via the feeds, comprising: determining a plurality of s-parameter of the system for a frequency band; determining the system impedance based on the s-parameters; and modifying the system impedance according to the difference between the impedance of the system and the impedance of the source.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for systems and methods that employ a control component and/or power source integrated in an LED based light source to control and/or power the LED light source wirelessly. In embodiments, the LED based light source may take the form of a standard light bulb that plugs into a standard lighting socket or fixture.

Abstract: System and method for providing at least an output current to one or more light emitting diodes. The system includes a control component configured to receive at least a demagnetization signal, a sensed signal and a reference signal and to generate a control signal based on at least information associated with the demagnetization signal, the sensed signal and the reference signal, and a logic and driving component configured to receive at least the control signal and output a drive signal to a switch based on at least information associated with the control signal. The switch is connected to a first diode terminal of a diode and a first inductor terminal of an inductor. The diode further includes a second diode terminal, and the inductor further includes a second inductor terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an indoor horticultural system that utilizes both a wireless and a wired network to control lighting. The wireless interface is used in a primary mode of operation to control all aspects of lighting including intensity, spectrum and color temperature. The wired interface is used in a secondary mode of operation, whereby an analog signal is used to control the intensity of all LED arrays in each lighting fixture and a digital signal is used to control the intensity of each individual LED array in each lighting fixture. Both the analog and digital signals utilize the same physical interface.

Abstract: A method of controlling a lighting system comprising one or more illumination sources each controllable to emit respective illumination for illuminating an environment, the method comprising: causing a user interface of a user device to output an indication of one or more past lighting events associated with a set of the one or more illumination sources, wherein the indication comprises: one or more attributes of the illumination associated with a respective lighting event from the one or more past lighting events, and a trigger which led to the respective lighting event from the one or more past lighting events.

Abstract: The invention provides a lighting system (1) with at least two subsets (SS1, AS1) of light sources, wherein one or more first subsets (SS1, SS2, . . . ) provide first light (111) mimicking the solar light (during the day) and with the first light (111) having a variable direction, and wherein one or more second subsets (AS1, . . . ) provide second light (211) mimicking the sky (without the sun, as the sun is provided by the first subset(s)) 5 (during the day). Especially, the color and/or color temperature of the first light (111) is variable, in addition the variability in direction. The lighting system may further comprise a control system (20) configured to control the color and intensity of the first light and/or second light.

Abstract: A load control device may be configured to provide a user interface for controlling the intensity and/or color of one or more lighting loads. The user interface may include separate actuation members for setting the intensity and/or color of the lighting loads. The user interface may include one actuation member configured to operate in an intensity and/or color control mode. The control mode of the actuation member may be set via a button, a lever, a rotary switch, a rotary knob, etc. The user interface may include a touch sensitive element capable of sensing a user's touch and translate the touch into a control signal. Feedback may be provided on the user interface to indicate the type of control being adjusted and/or amount of control being applied to the lighting loads.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling compound ramps in LED luminaires and lighting circuits are disclosed. In a compound ramp, the light output of one set of LED light engines increases while the light output of another set of LED light engines decreases. During such a ramp, the methods and systems may control the total light output to keep it relatively constant. In some embodiments, the methods and systems may also control the color of the emitted light maintain ideal color characteristics.

Abstract: Electric light sources typically exhibit temporal variations in luminous flux output, commonly referred to as “flicker.” Flicker, or temporal modulation, is known to influence the growth, health and behavior patterns of humans, and is also linked to growth, health and behavior patterns throughout the growth cycle of plants and animals. Control of peak radiant flux emitted by a light source to temporally modulate a light source will allow for the control of plants and animals for sustainable farming including but not limited to horticultural, agricultural, or aquacultural endeavors. The light source allows the transmission of daylight, which is combined with the flicker.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a driver for lighting means, preferably light emitting diodes, comprising a charge pump circuit, which is improved based on a common first-stage charge pump circuit. A fifth capacitor is added to connect a power source input end of the charge pump circuit to an LLC or LC circuit, a compensation current is provided for the power source input end using a resonant current generated by a resonant inductance in the LLC or LC circuit, an input angle of a power input current is widened and the input current is smoothed, so as to improve the problems, that a total harmonic distortion is larger and the harmonic does not satisfy the IEC standard, of a single-stage charge pump circuit where the output range is larger.

Abstract: A system is disclosed. The system has a plurality of flat rope light strings, and a controller coupled to a power source at a first connection and at least one of the plurality of flat rope light strings at a second connection, said second connection including a plurality of connection leads, said second connection being polarized such that said plurality of flat rope light strings is capable of one connection orientation at said second connection, each of said plurality of flat rope light strings including a plurality of lighting elements, each of said plurality of lighting elements including a plurality of pairs of different colored lights, each of said plurality of pairs including a first light and a second light, said first light of said light pair activated via a first voltage polarity and said second light of said light pair activated via a second voltage polarity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment are provided. “Internet-of-Things” (IoT) functionality is provided for pool and spa equipment in a flexible and cost-effective manner. Network connectivity and remote monitoring/control of pool and spa equipment is provided by various components such as a network communication and local control subsystem installed in pool/spa equipment, and other components. Also disclosed are various control processes (“pool logic”) which can be embodied as software code installed in any of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of luminaire control systems and discloses a system (100) for dynamic switching control of a luminaire (116). The system (100) comprises an ambient light sensor (102), an infrared sensor (104), and a control unit (106). The ambient light sensor (102) senses ambient illumination level and generates a light detection signal representative of the sensed ambient illumination level. The infrared sensor (104) senses infrared radiation of ambient light in the vicinity of the luminaire (116) and generates an infrared radiation detection signal. The control unit (106) cooperates with the ambient light sensor (102) and the infrared sensor (104) to generate a control signal for controlling the operation of the luminaire (116). The control unit (106) also updates the pre-determined turn on and turn off threshold lux values based on level of contamination on the surface of the ambient light sensor (102).

Abstract: The sensing type lamp fixture executes an initialization procedure to calculate an ambient brightness value to determine whether entering the nighttime and to generate a nighttime-entering command. The sensing type lamp fixture will light up and start timing a nighttime value and automatically adjust the brightness at various adjustment times during the night. The sensing type lamp fixture will continuously detect the ambient brightness to determine whether it has entered the daytime. If not, the nighttime value will continue to be timed until entering the daytime. Then the lamp fixture will be off and stop timing the nighttime value and generate a midnight time of the next night. The sensing type lamp fixture calculates the brightness adjustment times of the next night according to the midnight time, and automatically adjusts the light-on time of the sensing type lamp fixture and automatically adjusts the brightness to save power and energy.

Abstract: A method or apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a method for retrieving a plurality of sensory information from an environment of a device. A digital representation of the environment of the device is identified corresponding to the plurality of sensory information from the environment of the device. A media presentation element of the device associated with media content of the device is identified. A user interface of the media presentation element is adapted to modify a presentation of the media content by the media presentation element of the device according to the digital representation of the environment of the device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a lighting system, the controller comprising: an interface arranged to communicate with one or more luminaires at a location to be illuminated; a memory arranged to store information, the information comprising a first illumination status of the location, and information of a first command causing the location to adopt the first illumination status; the interface further arranged to receive a second command comprising an instruction for the at least one luminaire to illuminate the location in accordance with a second illumination status which differs from the first illumination status; and a processor configured to determine whether to execute the second command based upon a comparison between a value associated with the first command and a value associated with the second command, the processor configured to calculate the value associated with the first command based upon a priority level value of the first command and a relevance factor associated with the first command, at a ti

Abstract: The lighting device includes a luminaire, duplex circuitry, a lighting control device to control a light output and operation of a light source in a vicinity of the luminaire, and a sound transducer integrated on a surface of an element of the luminaire. The sound transducer responds to vibrations of the luminaire element to detect incoming audio waves and generates outgoing audio waves in the vicinity of the luminaire. The duplex circuitry is coupled to electrical terminals of the sound transducer and configured to generate a first electrical signal of the incoming audio waves, and supply a second electrical signal to cause the sound transducer to generate the outgoing audio waves in the vicinity of the luminaire that are directly proportional to the second electrical signal.

Abstract: A load control system controls an electrical load provided in a space and comprises a load control device and one or more occupancy sensors. The load control device controls the load in response to the wireless control signals received from the occupancy sensors. Each occupancy sensor transmits an occupied control signal to the load control device in response to detecting an occupancy condition in the space and a vacant control signal to the load control device in response to detecting a vacancy condition. The load control device turns on the load in response to receiving the occupied control signal from at least one of the occupancy sensors, and turns off the load in response to receiving vacant control signals from both of the occupancy sensors. The load control device is operable to determine that no wireless control signals have been received from the occupancy sensors for the length of a predetermined timeout period and to subsequently turn off the load.

Abstract: A communicative lighting system may comprise a plurality of network connected light sources. Each light source may possess a unique identifier permitting light sources to be associated with one another. An input received by one light source may alter the light output of that light source as well as other light sources associated with the light source. The light output of a light source may be altered by changing color, brightening or dimming, blinking, adjusting which of a plurality of light emitting diodes are activated, or otherwise modifying the type or amount of light output.

Abstract: An X-ray generator includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube accommodation portion, and a power source unit having an internal substrate supplying a voltage to the X-ray tube sealed inside an insulating block. A first space is defined by an upper surface of the insulating block and an inner surface of the X-ray tube accommodation portion. A second space is defined by a recess portion opening to the outside formed on a side surface of the insulating block and a sealing member sealing an opening of the recess portion. A communication hole causing the first space and the second space to communicate with each other is provided in the insulating block. Insulating oil is enclosed in the first space and the second space. A depth of the recess portion is smaller than a width of the recess portion.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for a radiation shielding component including a plurality of parts fused together by metal infiltrated through junctions between adjacent, interconnected parts. In one embodiment, members on a side of a panel may be interlocked with indentations on a side of another and then metal may be infiltrated through a junction between the two panels to fuse the adjacent panels.

Abstract: There is described an optical system (400) for focusing a beam of radiation (B) on a region of interest of a substrate in a metrology apparatus. The beam of radiation comprises radiation in a soft X-ray or Extreme Ultraviolet spectral range. The optical system comprises a first reflector system (410) and a second reflector system (412). Each of the first and second reflector systems (410, 412) comprises a finite-to-finite Wolter reflector system. The optical system (400) is configured to form, on the region of interest, a demagnified image (414) of an object (416) comprising an apparent source of the beam of radiation (B).

Abstract: A gas passing groove, a high-voltage electrode groove, and a ground electrode groove provided to an electrode unit base are each helical in plan view. An electrode unit lid is placed on a front surface of the electrode unit base so that a high-voltage conduction hole and a high-voltage conduction point coincide with each other in plan view. An electrode cooling plate is placed on a front surface of the electrode unit lid so that a high-voltage opening includes the high-voltage conduction hole as a whole in plan view. The electrode unit lid and the electrode cooling plate are placed on the front surface of the electrode unit base so that a ground conduction groove, a ground conduction hole, and a ground conduction point coincide with one another in plan view.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus is provided which ignites a mixture of air and fuel gas by plasma to generate an initial flame. The apparatus includes: a spark plug that includes an inner conductor, a cylindrical outer conductor that holds the inner conductor thereinside, and a dielectric that is provided between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, and that generates plasma in a plasma formation space between the inner conductor and the outer conductor; an electromagnetic wave power supply that generates an electromagnetic wave to apply electromagnetic wave power to the spark plug; an evaluation section that evaluates a state of formation of the plasma; a determination section that determines a matching object of the electromagnetic wave based on an evaluation result by the evaluation section; and a coupled state control section that controls a matching condition of the electromagnetic wave so that the electromagnetic wave matches the matching object.

Abstract: A camera module for a vehicular vision system includes a lens barrel accommodating a lens, a front camera housing portion having an imager PCB disposed therein, and a rear camera housing portion mated with the front camera housing. The imager PCB is disposed at the front camera housing portion with the imager optically aligned with an optical axis of the optical elements of the lens barrel. A thermal element (i) is disposed between the imager PCB and the front camera housing portion and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) element of 13 ppm/° C. or less and/or (ii) has its temperature controlled via a thermoelectric device of the camera module. With the camera module disposed at the vehicle, circuitry of the camera module is in electrical connection with a wire harness of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control device for an electric machine includes a circuit board and a cooling body, which are joined together, wherein a heat-conducting paste is introduced between the circuit board and the cooling body at least for thermally connecting the circuit board to the cooling body. The circuit board and/or the cooling body has at least one recess, wherein the recess is formed in the lateral direction between a region to be protected and the introduced heat-conducting paste in such a way that, when the circuit board and the cooling body are joined, an excess portion of the laterally spreading heat-conducting paste can be received by the recess.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor, a circuit board and an engine cooling module including the motor. The motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a control module and a heat sink. The control module includes a circuit board and heat generating electronic components mounted on the circuit board. A bottom surface of the circuit board faces the heat sink. The heat generating electronic components are mounted on a top surface of the circuit board. Metal heat conducting members are embedded inside the circuit board at positions corresponding to the heat generating electronic components, and extend along a thickness direction of the circuit board. The heat generated by the heat generating electronic components is conducted from the top surface of the circuit board to the bottom surface of the circuit board. The present invention improves the heat dissipation effect of the motor.

Abstract: A relay arrangement includes at least two series-connected relays, which are mechanically and electrically connected to a main printed circuit board via first terminals and second terminals, and at least one flat conductor for conducting current between the at least two series connected relays. The flat conductor is mechanically connected to the main printed circuit board and electrically and thermally connected to the first terminals of the relays, and the at least one flat conductor is configured to dissipate heat produced during operation of the relays.

Abstract: A metal-ceramic substrate (1) comprising an insulating layer (11) extending along a main extension plane (HSE) and comprising a ceramic, and a metallisation layer (12) bonded to the insulating layer (11) over a bonding area (A), the bonding area (A) being delimited by at least one edge (K) in a plane parallel to the main extension plane (HSE), characterized in that the edge (K) is at least partially covered with a filling material (2) and an edge region (RB) of the metallisation layer (12) adjoining the edge has a material weakening.

Abstract: A rollable display device includes a rollable structure including a plurality of unit structures, the rollable structure being configured to be rolled and unrolled based on the unit structures, and a display panel structure attached to the rollable structure, wherein respective widths of the unit structures increase in a first direction from a first side of the rollable structure to an opposite second side of the rollable structure.

Abstract: A power supply comprises a main circuit board and a multilayer power transmission board electrically coupled to the main circuit board. The multilayer board includes a conductive neutral layer having an inner side, a conductive line layer having an inner side facing the inner side of the conductive neutral layer, and a dielectric medium positioned between the conductive neutral layer and the conductive line layer. The power supply also comprises a first conductive outer layer positioned adjacently to an outer side of the conductive neutral layer, a second conductive outer layer positioned adjacently to an outer side of the conductive line layer, and a conductive plating material positioned within a slot formed in the multilayer power transmission board and covering an interior portion of the multilayer power transmission board facing the slot. The conductive plating material electrically couples the first and second conductive outer layers.

Abstract: A socket assembly comprises a base frame formed of a thermally conductive material holding a light emitting diode (LED) package to a support structure, a contact element electrically contacting the LED package, and an isolator PCB. The LED package includes an LED PCB having an LED mounted on the LED PCB. The base frame includes a base mounted to the support structure and mechanically engaging the LED PCB so that the LED package is attached to the support structure with a predetermined holding force. The contact element electrically connects the isolator PCB to the LED PCB. The isolator PCB supplies electrical power to the LED. The isolator PCB has a first surface and a second surface; the second surface is in heat transmitting contact with the base frame and the electronic component is disposed on the first surface of the isolator PCB and electrically connected to the LED.

Abstract: An elongate, three dimensional, conductive, micro lattice truss structure has parallel layers of resilient strands so that the truss structure maintains structural integrity during end-to-end compression which shortens its uncompressed length. The resiliency of the micro lattice truss structure enables the truss structure to return to substantially its uncompressed length when the compression is removed. The truss structure is adapted to provide a resilient electrical connection between two opposing conductive areas when the distal ends of the truss structure engage and are compressed between the two areas.