Abstract: A system and method for the field of humeral components for shoulder joint prostheses and, more specifically, to a method for constructing a range of humeral components intended to be inserted into the proximal region of the humerus during reconstructive shoulder surgery includes the following steps: obtaining a set (Evs) of statistical data relating to variables that can be used to characterise the geometry of a proximal humerus region from morphometric data (Dm) of proximal humerus regions belonging to a representative sample of a population; based on a statistical distribution, determining a set (G) of sizes forming the range of humeral components; for each of the sizes, determining a measurement (MiTn-n) for each of the variables, according to the set of statistical data; and for each of the sizes, producing a humeral component according to the measurement of each of the variables corresponding to the size.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ankle prosthesis including a talar implant, a tibial implant, and an intermediate implant designed to be mounted to move relative to said talar implant in order to impart mobility to the ankle, said prosthesis further including embedded adjustment structure designed to alternate between a releasing state, in which they allow the intermediate implant to move relative to the tibial implant, and a locking state, in which they hold the prosthesis in the chosen assembly configuration, said prosthesis being characterized in that said adjustment structure can be controlled to be operable while the prosthesis is in the assembled state in vivo.

Abstract: Arthroplasty implant systems and procedures are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, an arthroplasty implant of an arthroplasty system includes a shape memory material connecting member attached to two points of fixation of the arthroplasty implant.

Abstract: An implant couples a first bone of a hand to a second bone of the hand. The implant includes a body that defines a median plane. The body also defines a first joint surface having a first central region that articulates with the first bone. The body further defines a second joint surface having a second central region that articulates with the second bone, and the second central region is disposed on an opposite side of the median plane of the body relative to the first central region. The first and second central regions correspond to profiles of first and second axial segments, respectively, the first and second axial segments are each one of a cylinder, a cone and a torus and are centered on first and second axes, respectively, and the first and second axes, as projected on the median plane, are substantially perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an orthopedic device and method for carpal fusion that provides bone to bone compression and multiple fixation points to decrease multiple degrees of freedom and motion of carpal bones. The device is biocompatible, resistant to corrosion, and sufficient in mechanical strength. Bone to bone compression and fixation points can be increased by using a first set of fasteners in a peripheral portion of the device to couple through the device into bone structure, and a second set of fasteners in a central portion of the device can be coupled through the device into the bone structure.

Abstract: An intervertebral implant for implantation in an intervertebral space between vertebrae. The implant includes a body extending from an upper surface to a lower surface. The body has a front end, a rear end and a pair of spaced apart first and second side walls extending between the front and rear walls such that an interior chamber is defined within the front and rear ends and the first and second walls. The body defines an outer perimeter and an inner perimeter extending about the internal chamber. At least one of the side walls is defined by a solid support structure and an integral porous structure, the porous structure extending from the outer perimeter to the inner perimeter. The porous structure embeds or encapsulates at least a portion of the solid support structure.

Abstract: A spinal implant comprises an implant body extending between an anterior surface and a posterior surface, and including a first vertebral engaging surface and a second vertebral engaging surface. The implant body includes an inner surface that defines at least one opening oriented to implant a fastener oblique relative to a lateral axis of a subject body and adjacent an intervertebral space of the subject body. The implant body defining a cavity such that a surgical instrument is connectable with the implant body adjacent the cavity and movable relative to the implant body. Systems, surgical instruments and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A bi-directional fixating transvertebral (BDFT) screw/cage apparatus is provided. The BDFT apparatus includes an intervertebral cage including a plurality of internal angled screw guides, a plurality of screw members, and a novel screw locking mechanism which consists of leaf springs which mechanically interact with BDFT screws which have ratcheted screw heads. The small leaf springs allow the ratchet teeth of the screw heads to rotate only in the penetrating direction. Due to the geometric orientation of the ratchet teeth vis-a-vis the adjacent spring leaf, rotation of the screw head in the opposite direction is prevented by the insertion of the string leaf in the space between the ratchet teeth (trough) of its final rotation. The uni-rotational interaction between the screw head-ratchet teeth/troughs and adjacent leaf spring is the mechanical basis for this novel locking mechanism.

Abstract: A bone fusion method, system and device for insertion between bones that are to be fused together and/or in place of one or more of the bones, such as, for example, the vertebrae of a spinal column. The bone fusion device comprises one or more extendable tabs having a central rib. The bone fusion device includes one or more support channels configured to receive an insertion instrument that is then secured to the bone fusion device via a coupling mechanism. As a result, the coupled device is able to be securely positioned between vertebrae using the insertion instrument with minimal risk of slippage.

Abstract: According to one example, a for revision knee arthroplasty is disclosed. According to this example, the method can include shaping a bone of a patient to create one or more recesses therein, selecting a stem provisional, disposing the stem provisional within the one or more recesses, and assembling in vivo the stem provisional with both a first provisional component configured to simulate a shape of one of a tibial tray implant or a femoral implant and a second provisional component configured to simulate a shape of at least one of a sleeve component, a cone component or a keel component of an implant.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical system for a total knee implant includes a plurality of commonly-sized femoral trial components. Each commonly-sized femoral trial component includes a first femoral condyle having a first articulation surface configured to engage a tibial component, and a second femoral condyle may be spaced apart from the first femoral condyle. The second femoral condyle has a second articulation surface configured to engage the tibial component. An anterior cam is positioned between the first femoral condyle and the second femoral condyle. A method of using such a system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A voluntary closing and locking prosthetic terminal device (1) having complex internal mechanisms configured into interchangeable cartridges (10) that provide end users with the capability of servicing the prosthetic on their own.

Abstract: A hollow tubulous composite structure and method for prosthetic limbs is described.

Abstract: A prosthetic system includes a prosthetic foot defining an upper surface and having a flexible configuration and a pump system attached to the prosthetic foot. The pump system includes a pump mechanism defining a fluid chamber having variable configuration and an actuating part. The actuating part is arranged to selectively engage with and separate a distance from the upper surface of the foot plate to move the pump mechanism between a first position in which a volume of the fluid chamber is zero or near-zero and a second position in which the volume of the fluid chamber is expanded relative to the first position. The volume of the fluid chamber increases when the actuating part moves away from the upper surface of the foot plate.

Abstract: A transcatheter valve assembly replacement device includes a paravalvular seal that includes outwardly extending fibers that create a seal with the annulus when the valve assembly is deployed. An inwardly extending seal is attached to an outer frame. The inwardly extending seal is engaged with prosthetic valve leaflets.

Abstract: A stent is formed of at least a cobalt-based alloy. The cobalt-based alloy may include 10-35 weight % metal member selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), gold (Au), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), rhenium (Re), tungsten (W), palladium (Pd), tantalum (Ta), and combinations thereof; 16-21 weight % chromium (Cr); 9-12 weight % molybdenum (Mo); 0-25 weight % nickel (Ni); and balance cobalt (Co). The cobalt-based alloy may be a thin outer shell of a hollow stent. The cobalt-based alloy may be used to form at least one of an inner core and an outer shell of a core-shell structure of a stent. The cobalt-based alloy may be used to form an end of a wire for forming a stent.

Abstract: An endovascular delivery device is disclosed. The device comprises a handle assembly at a distal end thereof and a top-cap assembly at a proximal end thereof. The top-cap assembly has an open configuration and a closed configuration and comprises: a capsule comprising an inner portion and an outer tubular portion and defining a cavity within the outer tubular portion, the cavity receiving the proximal portion of the endograft in the open configuration; and a retriever assembly having a body portion arranged and constructed to fit within the cavity of the capsule in the closed configuration. The device further comprises: a guide wire catheter extending through the handle assembly, the guide wire catheter being affixed at a proximal end thereof to the top-cap assembly; and an endograft receiving portion extending distally with respect to the top-cap assembly. In the closed configuration, the cavity is closed by the body portion of the retriever assembly.

Abstract: A stent delivery system includes an elongate shaft including a proximal portion, a distal portion, at least one lumen extending at least partially therethrough, and a stent receiving portion on the distal portion of the elongate shaft. A stent is positioned on the stent receiving portion of the elongate shaft, the stent having a first configuration and a second configuration. A sheath is positioned longitudinally around the inner elongate shaft, the elongate shaft extending coaxially at least partially within the lumen of the sheath is also included. A proximal constraining arrangement is engaged with a proximal end of the stent. A distal constraining arrangement is engaged with a distal end of the stent. A handle assembly comprising an axially moveable outer shuttle, a first inner shuttle operably connected to the proximal constraining arrangement and a second inner shuttle operably connected to the distal constraining arrangement and outer sheath.

Abstract: A stent delivery system includes an elongate shaft including a proximal portion, a distal portion, at least one lumen extending at least partially therethrough, and a stent receiving portion on the distal portion of the elongate shaft. A stent is positioned on the stent receiving portion of the elongate shaft, the stent having a first configuration and a second configuration. A proximal constraining arrangement is engaged with a proximal end of the stent. A distal constraining arrangement is engaged with a distal end of the stent. A release wire is disposed through the elongate shaft and releasably engaged with portion of the proximal constraining arrangement and the distal constraining arrangement member. A handle assembly is operably connected to the proximal constraining arrangement and the distal constraining arrangement, the handle assembly comprising a brake assembly. The proximal arrangement and the distal arrangement are coupled to the brake of the handle.

Abstract: An implant delivery system is described, having a distal tip and outer sheath that remain in a fixed position during implant delivery. A pusher mechanism within the sheath pushes an implant out of a gap between a distal end of the sheath and the distal tip.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of acid reflux disease has an implantable movement restriction device adapted to be at least partly invaginated by a patient's stomach fundus wall. A substantial part of the outer surface of the movement restriction device is adapted to rest against the stomach wall without injuring the latter in a position between the patient's diaphragm and at least a portion of the lower part of the invaginated stomach fundus wall, such that movement of the cardiac notch of the patient's stomach the patient's diaphragm is restricted, to thereby prevent the cardia from sliding through the patient's diaphragm opening into the patient's thorax, so as to maintain the supporting pressure against the patient's cardia sphincter muscle exerted from the patient's abdomen. The movement restriction device has a size of at least 125 mm3 and a circumference of at least 15 mm.

Abstract: A water or swim shoe for persons needing to wear an orthotic to support a foot for swimming or any other water exercise or recreation. The shoe body is comprised of porous, water resistant material, has multiple holes for water drainage, and a protective rounded rubber toe end. The shoe sole is comprised of rubber or synthetic rubber. The shoe sole has affixed thereto and extending from the heel end an “L” shaped hard plastic orthotic which is strapped to the back of the person's leg for wear.

Abstract: A support for an area of a body that includes a hinge joint includes a flexible, elastically stretchable framework comprising an integrally molded network of interconnected, elastomeric segments defining a plurality of permanent openings; a structural hinge mechanism affixed to a first side of the framework, and a secondary hinge mechanism affixed to a second side of the framework. The structural hinge mechanism is larger than the secondary hinge mechanism so as to bias the application of pressure towards one side of the hinge joint when the support is secured to the area of the body. The elastomeric segments of the framework are designed in such a way as to asymmetrically assert pressure on the hinge joint when the support is secured to the area of the body. The structural hinge mechanism and the framework work together to bias application of pressure generally in the same direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bending/stretching capability improving device worn on a human body, which reduces a load on the waist in an equivalent amount to the combination of an acting repulsive force from an elastic body and an action of a tension winch during a bending/stretching exercise or when a weight is lifted, and which accordingly reduces damage to the waist.

Abstract: An anti-ligature restraint device is provided. The device includes a tub secured to a mounting location. A sealing element is inserted into the tub. The sealing element includes a restraint element slot to which a restraint is secured when the device is in an open position. The sealing element is disposed entirely with the tub in the closed position. A spring within the tub provides resistance to the sealing element as it is pushed into the tub and rotated to secure the sealing element within the tub. A lid lock secures the sealing element in the closed position. The device may be used in the concrete floor of a hospital room. In the open position, the device secures patient restraints. In the closed position, the device is flush with its mounting surface and locked, thereby preventing patient tampering or access to harmful elements thereof.

Abstract: A catheter connector for fluidly connecting a catheter to a receptacle, the catheter connector comprising two body portions, one body portion for attachment to the catheter and the other body portion for attachment to the receptacle, the connector providing a fluidly open passage from the catheter to the receptacle when the first body portion is coupled to the second body portion, each body portion automatically fluidly closing off the respective catheter and receptacle when disengaged from the other body portion.

Abstract: A non-invasive female urine collection device comprising a first pipe with an inflatable balloon attached to a first end of the first pipe; and a urine collection member attached to a second end of the first pipe such that, when the first end of the first pipe is inserted into vagina, the urine collection member covers urethra for collecting the urine discharged through the urethra. The urine collection member further comprising a first membrane and a second membrane together forming a urine collection pouch, in that the second membrane is shorter than the first membrane exposing the first membrane around Urethra for collecting the urine discharged through the urethra. The urine collection member further comprising a set of spikes formed on the first membrane in line with the urethra to prevent splashing of urine coming out of urethra.

Abstract: An everting balloon system is disclosed that can be used for the placement of an IUD within the uterine cavity of a female patient. The everting balloon system with IUD can be used to access a uterine cavity at specific locations in the fundus. A one-handed IUD delivery system for placement with an everting catheter is disclosed. An IUD loading system for placement within an everting catheter is disclosed. The everting catheter with an IUD can simplify the process of IUD placement within the uterine cavity.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to cooling a head of a patient. These systems and methods may comprise a cooling cap assembly comprising a heat exchanger configured to be wrapped around a head of a patient and a compression assembly releasably coupled to the heat exchanger. The compression assembly may comprise an enclosure and an inflatable member coupled to an internal surface of the enclosure. When coupled, the inflatable member may be positioned between the enclosure and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may be separate from and moveable relative to the inflatable member.

Abstract: A therapeutic collar comprising an elongate body made from a flexible material for extending around at least a portion of the neck of a patient. The body has a length approximating the circumference of the neck, two thermoelectric devices for overlying two carotid arteries in the neck and two thermoelectric devices for overlying of two vertebral arteries in the neck when the elongate body is secured around the neck of the patient. At least one cooling tube is carried by the elongate body and extends in the vicinity of each of the thermoelectric devices for removing heat from the thermoelectric devices.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus for adjusting the temperature of a body comprising a sheath for providing a channel from outside said body to a cavity inside said body, where said sheath comprises a guiding section being angular to said channel. The apparatus further comprises a heat exchange unit comprising an inlet and an outlet, an outer contour and an inner fluid channel, adapted for inserting through said channel of said sheath.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, an apparatus comprising a lacrimal implant insertable at least partially into a lacrimal punctum. The lacrimal implant comprises an implant core, and an implant body. The implant body includes a cavity sized and shaped to receive the implant core. At least one of the implant core and the implant cavity includes a detection device configured to allow automatic detection of the lacrimal implant with a separate detector device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for managing occlusions and reducing eye tissue damage during phacoemulsification surgery. More specifically, the present invention provides automated control of the application of ultrasonic energy to a partial or full occlusion of a surgical tool. The present invention measures the vacuum pressure and automatically adjusts the application of ultrasonic energy when the vacuum pressure indicates an occlusion or an occlusion break.

Abstract: A bioabsorbable tissue support is inserted into a tissue of a subject during, or after, puncture of the tissue. The bioabsorbable tissue support includes a material that is gradually absorbed into the punctured tissue in time, and disappears. The bioabsorbable tissue support may be inserted standing alone, or in association with a permanent or temporary non-bioabsorbable tissue support, may define the shape of the punctured hole, and/or may release useful or ornamental chemicals into the punctured tissue. The chemical may include an antibacterial material, an antifungal material, an antimicrobial material, topical anesthetic, a temporary or permanent dye material, and/or an antiproliferative agent. The non-bioabsorbable tissue support may include a self-expanding material that enlarges the size of the puncture in time. The bioabsorbable tissue support may have the form of a tube and/or a mesh of variable peripheral shapes, be elongated, and/or have attachable and detachable end plates and pointed tips.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a noise-reducing earmuff, comprising: an earmuff shell forming an earmuff cavity; a separator being installed in the earmuff cavity and forming an independent chamber; and a conduit being installed on the separator, the conduit being provided with an opening at each of the two ends thereof; wherein one of the openings being located in the chamber, and the other extending out of the chamber and being located in the earmuff cavity; wherein the chamber and the conduit form a low-frequency resonator whose resonance frequency is equivalent to a corner frequency of a low-pass filter formed by the earmuff.

Abstract: A dressing for treating tissue with negative pressure may be a composite of dressing layers, including a release film, perforated gel layer, a perforated polymer film, a manifold, and an adhesive cover. A method of manufacturing the dressing may comprise providing a first layer, such as the gel layer, on a substrate, perforating the first layer on the substrate to create a plurality of apertures in the first layer, and creating an index of the plurality of apertures in the first layer. A laser can be calibrated based on the index. A second layer, such as the polymer film, may be coupled to the first layer, and a plurality of slots can be cut in the second layer with the laser. Each of the slots can be cut through one of the apertures in the first layer based on the index.

Abstract: A wound therapy system includes a negative pressure circuit configured to apply negative pressure to a wound, a pump fluidly coupled to the negative pressure circuit and operable to control the negative pressure within the negative pressure circuit, a pressure sensor configured to measure the negative pressure within the negative pressure circuit or at the wound and a controller communicably coupled to the pump and the pressure sensor. The controller is configured to execute a pressure testing procedure including applying a pressure stimulus to the negative pressure circuit, observe a dynamic pressure response of the negative pressure circuit to the pressure stimulus using pressure measurements recorded by the pressure sensor, and estimate a wound volume of the wound based on the dynamic pressure response.

Abstract: A wound dressing comprising: a backing sheet; a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive on the backing sheet; an island of absorbent material having smaller area than the backing sheet and applied onto a central region of the backing sheet so as to leave a margin of adhesive-coated backing sheet around the absorbent material, and an apertured wound facing layer applied over the absorbent material and adhered to the backing sheet around said island by said pressure-sensitive adhesive, wherein the apertured wound facing layer comprises an apertured substrate having a coating of a silicone gel on the wound facing surface thereof, the open area of the apertured wound facing layer is from about 5% to about 75%, and the apertured wound facing layer comprises apertures having an open area of from about 2 mm2 to about 100 mm2.

Abstract: Described herein are adhesive support devices, which may include adhesive medical devices. In particular, three-dimensional adhesive medical devices from a single layer of material, typically by stamping or pressing (including cold pressing) a sheet of the material to form rigid and complex 3D shapes capable of use for a variety of medical and non-medical purposes. These adhesive support devices typically also include an adhesive material allowing the device to be attached to a subject's skin and/or mounted on a surface (e.g., wall, etc.). In particular, described herein are methods of manufacturing, assembling, and using adhesive support devices.

Abstract: Pulpless absorbent cores and methods of manufacture are disclosed. A first method for forming an absorbent core may comprise advancing a carrier sheet on a foraminous forming surface in a machine direction, the foraminous forming surface having a width extending in a cross-machine direction, creating a pressure differential across the forming surface, applying a first adhesive onto the carrier sheet, advancing the carrier sheet within a particulate material delivery chamber, and dispensing particulate material from a particulate material inlet within the particulate material delivery chamber to deposit the particulate material onto the first adhesive, wherein the particulate material inlet has a width that is between 25% and 75% of the foraminous forming surface width, and wherein the particulate material is delivered from the particulate material inlet at less than 900 meters per minute.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for making elastomeric laminates that may be used as components of absorbent articles. The elastomeric laminates may include a first substrate, a second substrate, and an elastic material located between the first and second substrates. During assembly of an elastomeric laminate, a beam is rotated to unwind the elastic strands from the beam, wherein the strands may include a spin finish. First bonds are applied to bond discrete lengths of the stretched elastic strands with and between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the discrete first bonds are arranged intermittently along the machine direction. In addition, second bonds are applied between consecutive first bonds to bond the first and second substrates directly to each other, wherein the second bonds extend in the machine direction and may be separated from each other in a cross direction by at least one elastic strand.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for making elastomeric laminates that may be used as components of absorbent articles. Aspects of the methods for assembling elastomeric laminates may utilize elastic strands supplied from beams that may be joined with first and second substrates, and may be configured to carry out various types of operations, such as bonding and splicing operations.

Abstract: A disposable hygiene article having an absorbent core with a first region which has its narrowest width (M) in the transverse direction (x) in a front portion or at a location of a transition between the front portion and a crotch portion of the article. The absorbent core comprises a high-density first region and a low density second region. The absorbent core in the crotch region has first and second rear compression lines. The compression lines mutually diverge in a direction towards the core front edge. Each line has a diverging angle (?2; ?3) of from 15-60° with respect to a centre line (A). The second region has an average density which is at least 20% lower than the average density of the first region.

Abstract: Provided is an absorbent article which includes a top sheet having extruded protrusions and a second sheet bonded to the top sheet and has adequate softness, satisfactory appearance, and yet prevents wrinkles in the top sheet along the MD.

Abstract: A portable system for subatmospheric pressure therapy in connection with healing a surgical wound, includes a wound dressing dimensioned for positioning relative to a wound bed of a subject, a portable subatmospheric pressure mechanism dimensioned to be carried or worn by the subject and a container for collecting exudates from the wound bed removed under the subatmospheric pressure supplied by the subatmospheric pressure mechanism. The portable subatmospheric pressure mechanism includes a housing, a subatmospheric pressure source disposed within the housing and in fluid communication with the wound dressing to supply subatmospheric pressure to the wound dressing and a power source mounted to or within the housing for supplying power to actuate the subatmospheric pressure source.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasmall-sized fixing tape suitable for a disposal tape for an absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper, a sanitary napkin, or an incontinence pad. The ultrasmall fixing tape of the present invention includes: an extending portion; and a non-extending portion that is substantially free from extending, in which: the non-extending portion includes securing means in at least part thereof; the ultrasmall fixing tape has a base material layer B; the base material layer B has a thickness of 50 ?m or more; and the base material layer B has an upper yield strength in a longitudinal direction thereof at a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 50% of from 5 N/25 mm to 15 N/25 mm.

Abstract: A system for intervening in an absorbent article change process by a user to improve the experience of the absorbent article change process is disclosed. The system can include a memory device, an auditory capture mechanism, and a processor. The memory device can be configured to store an absorbent article acoustic signature model. The absorbent article acoustic signature model can be indicative of a potential change of the absorbent article. The processor can be configured to analyze a captured potential use sound profile in relation to the absorbent article acoustic signature model and to interpret the first qualifying match in view of at least one environmental input. The system can be configured to selectively generate a first output based on the first qualifying match and the at least one environmental input. The first output can be recognizable by the user through visual, audible, or olfactory senses.

Abstract: A dispensing apparatus of hygiene products including dispensing of feminine pads and tampons activated by non-contact sensor. The dispensing apparatus including a back portion, a side portion coupled to the back portion, and a housing door movably coupled to the side portion. A module is rotatably coupled to the housing and includes a tray and at least one tray door assembly operatively coupled to the tray. The tray door assembly defines an interior space with the tray, wherein the interior space stores the hygiene products to be dispensed.

Abstract: Provided is a lightweight and inexpensive wheelchair that can be easily operated with either a right or left hand. The wheelchair according to the present invention is provided with; a pair of handrims having a first portion connected to each handrim spoke and a second portion connected to a base of each wheel; a drive mechanism for transmitting a first rotational force generated by the first portion on one side and/or another side to the wheel on the one side and the wheel on the other side, wherein the drive mechanism includes an axle on the one side, an axle on the other side connected to the axle on the one side via a rotary shaft, a first two-way clutch located on the axle on the one side, and a second two-way clutch located on the axle on the other side.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a wheelchair configured to reposition an occupant between a lowered and a raised position. The wheelchair can include a frame, a seat moveable relative to the frame, a drive wheel, and one or more pairs of arm assemblies. The arm assembly includes a wheel configured to move from a first spatial location when the wheel chair is operating on flat, level ground to a second spatial location that is different than the first spatial location. Arm limiters that can selectively engage the arm assembly dependent on the position of the arm assembly and surface conditions of ground and can limit the range of motion of the arm assembly and sometimes other operational aspects of the chair.