Abstract: A distractor system for use in a joint between two bone surfaces of an anatomical structure includes, for example, distractor and at least one detachable tool comprising a body having a proximal portion and a distal portion, said proximal portion being releasably attachable to at least one of a first end of the distractor and/or a second end of the distractor. The distal portion of the detachable tool being operably positionable in the joint between the two bone surfaces of the anatomical structure. The detachable tools may include a detachable paddle.

Abstract: An osteotomy procedure may be performed to correct a misalignment of a bone, such as a bunion deformity. In some examples, the osteotomy procedure involves making a spherical-shaped cut transecting a first metatarsal, thereby forming a first metatarsal portion having a spherical-shaped projection and a second metatarsal portion having a spherical-shaped recess. The method further involves moving the second metatarsal portion in at least two planes relative to the first metatarsal portion, thereby adjusting an anatomical alignment of the second metatarsal portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgical system for cutting an anatomical structure (F, T) of a patient according to at least one target plane defined in a coordinate system of the anatomical structure, comprising: i) a robotic device (100) comprising: —a cutting tool, —an actuation unit (4) comprising from three to five motorized degrees of freedom, said actuation unit comprising at least one portion having a parallel architecture comprising a base (40) and a platform (41) selectively orientable relative to the base (40) according to at least two of said motorized degrees of freedom, —a planar mechanism (24) connecting a terminal part of the actuation unit (4) to the cutting tool (2), ii) a passive articulated lockable holding arm (51) supporting the actuation unit, iii) a tracking unit (200) configured to determine in real time the pose of the cutting plane with respect to the coordinate system of the anatomical structure, iv) a control unit (300) configured to determine the pose of the cutting plane with respec

Abstract: An orthopedic broach is disclosed. The orthopedic broach includes a cutting tip and a broach handle. The broach handle includes a lever, a spring, and a latch. The lever is movably coupled to the handle and to an end of the spring. The latch is movably coupled to the handle and the opposite end of the spring. In use, the lever is movable from an opened position, where the latch is positioned in a released position, so that the cutting tip can be inserted into the handle, to a closed position where the latch is moved to an engaged position wherein the cutting tip is securely coupled to the latch, and thus the handle. The handle includes a spring stop to prevent the spring from further deflection to prevent the latch from moving to the released position and thus prevent decoupling of the cutting tip when excessive forces are applied.

Abstract: A surgical positioning system including a rotation guide slide and a rotation guide pointer configured to be coupled to the rotation guide slide. The rotation guide pointer includes a base and a pointer extension. The base includes protrusion and a hole extending through the base and the protrusion where the protrusion is sized and configured to be received within a channel such that the rotation guide pointer can translate parallel to a plane defined by the first side of the rotation guide slide. The hole is sized and configured to receive a screw to fix the position of the rotation guide pointer relative to the rotation guide slide, with the protrusion configured to expand when the screw is advanced in the hole.

Abstract: A navigational device or jig is provided for accurately guiding the drilling of holes for screws or guidewires for spinal surgery. The jig has a three-point attachment to a vertebra with a jaw that contacts the pars interarticularis and a clip that contacts or attaches to the spinous process. A drill guide support arm moveable laterally with three axes of rotation is provided. The drill guide is a channel that directs a drill bit to a desired location and trajectory. The holes created with the drill bit in a vertebra are used for the insertion of screws or guidewires for any of various procedures requiring screws implanted in a vertebra. In particular, the inventive jig is useful for the precise placement and control of drilled holes for cortical bone trajectory screw placement.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for performing a transcorporeal microdecompression are described. The transcorporeal microdecompression may include a bone void plug allograft and specialized instruments for performing the procedure. This procedure may be performed under navigation and/or with robotic assistance.

Abstract: Various surgical devices and methods are disclosed herein. Also disclosed is multi-component prosthesis, which can be used as an ankle prosthesis. One of the disclosed surgical alignment systems includes a guide arm, a ratchet arm frame configured to be coupled slidably to the guide arm, a ratchet arm configured to be coupled to the ratchet arm frame, and a sagittal sizing guide body configured to be coupled to the ratchet arm. The sagittal sizing guide body includes a first radiopaque object disposed at a first position and a second radiopaque object disposed at a second position that is spaced apart from the first position.

Abstract: A method of repairing plantar plate tears of an individual through augmentation that includes cutting an incision above a damaged area of a plantar plate on an individual, spreading the tissue with a plantar plate joint distractor, inserting a drill insertion member into the plantar drill guide and at a drilling angle over tissue at or near the damaged area of the plantar plate, drilling, with a drill bit and at the drilling angle, into the tissue at or near the damaged area of the plantar plate, attaching a K-wire to a graft, pulling, with the K-wire, the graft across a damaged area of the plantar plate augmenting the damaged area of the plantar plate, and manipulating an interference-type screw through the plantar plate and either or both the K-wire and the graft to engage and compress the graft for fixation.

Abstract: Various surgical devices and methods are disclosed herein. Also disclosed is multi-component prosthesis, which can be used as an ankle prosthesis. One of the disclosed surgical alignment systems includes a guide arm, a ratchet arm frame configured to be coupled slidably to the guide arm, a ratchet arm configured to be coupled to the ratchet arm frame, and a sagittal guide body configured to be coupled to the ratchet arm. The sagittal sizing guide body includes a first radiopaque object disposed at a first position and a second radiopaque object disposed at a second position that is spaced apart from the first position.

Abstract: A drill guide to facilitate drilling a hole into a bone and inserting an anchor. The drill guide includes a handle extending to a proximal end and a guide shaft extending from the handle to a distal end. A recess extends into the handle at the proximal end. The drill guide also includes a channel extending through the recess and into the guide shaft and a contact surface extending from the recess. The contact surface may be a proximal surface on a ring extending circumferentially within the recess. The contact surface may alternatively be a proximal surface on a protrusion extending from and within the recess. For example, the protrusion is a triangular protrusion extending along the recess toward the channel. The contact surface allows for the use of inserters of varying sizes within the channel of the drill guide.

Abstract: A method may include producing, in a solution, microbubbles of nitric oxide having a targeted size; and directing the solution to a right side of a patient's heart, such that the microbubbles are directed to the patient's pulmonary arteries prior to being circulated through the patient's body. The solution may include saline or dextrose. Directing the solution to the right side of the patient's heart may include delivering the solution via a catheter, during a right-heart catheterization procedure. Directing the solution to the right side of the patient's heart may include injecting the solution into a median cubital vein of the patient. Directing the solution to the right side of the patient's heart comprises injecting the solution into an internal jugular vein, an external jugular vein or a femoral vein of the patient. The targeted size may correspond to a diameter of a specific branch of the patient's pulmonary arteries.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to an aspiration catheter comprising a catheter body that can have a first end and a second end and an aspiration lumen extending through the catheter body. The aspiration lumen can have an aspiration opening located in a distal portion of the aspiration catheter. The catheter can have an assistive jet element extending through a wall of the aspiration lumen. The assistive jet element can have an assistive jet channel. The assistive jet element can be adaptable to draw blood through the assistive jet element from a location outside of the catheter body adjacent to the assistive jet element and into the aspiration lumen when suction is applied to the aspiration lumen and can be configured to break apart a thrombus or obstruction in the aspiration lumen.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a dormia basket, including an operation handle, an outer sheath tube, and a basket body. A bottom of the basket body passes through the outer sheath tube and connects to the operation handle. The basket body is formed by winding at least two groups of basket wires. All the basket wires intersect at a top portion of the basket body. Each group of basket wires is formed by at least two metal wires wound around each other. Several slits are formed when two or more metal wires are wound around each other. At least one metal wire in each group of basket wires passes through a slit at a top portion of another group of basket wires, and a metal wire in another group of basket wires passes through a slit of a top portion of each group of basket wires.

Abstract: A tissue specimen retrieval device includes a first shaft having a pair of slots defined in a distal end thereof and a pair of windows defined proximally of the pair of respective slots. A second shaft is included having a bag brim attached thereto, the second shaft telescopically movable within the first shaft between a retracted position, wherein the bag brim is disposed within the first shaft and a partially deployed position wherein the bag brim partially deploys from the first shaft forming an enclosure for supporting the tissue bag thereon. A pair of hook members is included each having an arm, a first end engaged to the bag brim and a free end including a hook at a distal end thereof. Upon deployment, the hook of each hook member engages a respective window allowing each respective arm to pivot outwardly within respective slots to fully deploy the bag brim.

Abstract: A hand-held gripping device that allows a surgeon to reach interior portions of a person's anatomy, includes a gripping portion having a pair of jaws and/or nets movable relative to each other between fully clamped and fully opened positions thereof, a handle portion spaced apart from the jaw portion by a bendable central portion that is hollow and corrugated, with a cord extending therethrough.

Abstract: A hand-held electromechanical surgical device is configured to selectively connect with a surgical accessory. The surgical device includes a power-pack, an outer shell housing, and a gasket. The power-pack is configured to selectively control a surgical accessory. The outer shell housing includes a distal half-section and a proximal half-section, the distal half-section and the proximal half-section together defining a cavity configured to selectively encase substantially the entire power-pack therein. The gasket is located between the distal half-section and the proximal half-section of the outer shell housing. The gasket is configured to create a seal between the distal half-section and the proximal half-section and to provide a sterile barrier between the power-pack and an outside environment outside the outer shell housing.

Abstract: A three-prong grasper for laparoscopic procedures includes an elongate body having a sleeve with a distal portion, and an end effector supported on the distal portion. The end effector includes a first prong assembly with a first base member and a first prong member pivotally secured to the first base member, a second prong assembly with a second base member and a second prong member pivotally secured to the second base member, and a third prong assembly with a third base member and a third prong member pivotally secured to the third base member. The first, second, and third prong members move between an open configuration and a closed configuration. A method of grasping tissue also includes pivoting first, second, and/or third prong members relative to respective first, second, and third base members to cause the grasping of tissue.

Abstract: Single-use devices that carry at least one peristaltic pump for providing fluid flows in hysteroscopic or similar procedures. single-use handheld device with a motor-driven cutter and an integrated peristaltic pump used for resecting and removing tissue in an endoscopic procedure.

Abstract: A transection device including a curved tubular body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, having a wall and an internal chamber and a receiving chamber. The receiving chamber may be defined by the distal end and an opening in the wall, and said distal end may have a surface facing the receiving chamber and an outside surface comprising an elongated region. A protrusion may extend from the distal end towards the center of said opening. A cutting member may be positioned within said curved tubular body and may be moveable between an initial position and an extended position and at least a portion of the cutting member may extend into the receiving chamber. A depressible member may be configured to move the cutting member and a compression member may extend between the cutting member and the depressible member. Some embodiments may utilize an electrosurgical cutting member.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a hollow member having a sidewall provided with a window and a closure member movably connected to the hollow member for alternately covering and uncovering the window. The hollow member has a first clamping surface along an edge of the window, while the closure member has a second clamping surface opposing the first clamping surface and disposable substantially adjacent thereto in a clamping or closure configuration of the instrument. The instrument additionally comprises a tissue occlusion component mounted to at least one of the hollow member and the closure member for acting on tissues gripped between the first clamping surface and the second clamping surface, to couple the tissues to each other.

Abstract: An aspiration thrombectomy system, comprising a vacuum source comprising a controllable vacuum valve, a pressure source comprising a controllable pressure valve, an aspiration catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the aspiration catheter comprises connection tubing having a lumen configured to accommodate fluid, and wherein the connection tubing acts as a common conduit for fluid communication between the aspiration catheter and the vacuum and pressure sources via the vacuum and pressure valves, respectively, and a controller configured to open and close the vacuum and vent valves in a predetermined cycle to change a level of vacuum at the distal end of the aspiration catheter and control flow in and out from the distal end of the catheter.

Abstract: A medical ultrasound device includes: an ultrasound generator and an elongated probe. A cross-sectional surface of the probe at a distal end to which ultrasound oscillation is propagated is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the probe, and the cross-sectional surface has a shape identical to a shape of a cross-sectional surface of an anchor to form, in a bone, a bottomed hole for placing the anchor and having a shape to prevent rotation of the anchor in the bottomed hole. An area of the cross-sectional surface of the probe at the distal end is larger than an area of a cross-sectional surface of the probe at a proximal end. The distal end includes a treatment portion that expands outward relative to the proximal end and that is formed in a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: A ultrasonic transducer assembly of an ultrasonic surgical instrument includes a horn, a piezoelectric stack positioned proximally of the horn and defining a longitudinal opening extending therethrough, a proximal end mass positioned proximally of the piezoelectric stack and defining a longitudinal opening, and a rod secured to the horn and extending proximally from the horn through the longitudinal opening of the piezoelectric stack and the longitudinal opening of the proximal end mass. The rod is secured to the proximal end mass to pre-compress the piezoelectric stack between the horn and the proximal end mass.

Abstract: This document relates to the apparatus and methods used in the minimally invasive creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). In particular, the invention relates to the creation of an AVF using catheters and an alignment methodology that is based upon detection of asymmetric electric fields. The invention finds particular application in vascular access (VA) in the hemodialysis (HD) population.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cannula systems for delivery of a therapeutic agent to parenchymal tissue of a target subject. In certain embodiments, the cannula system is for delivery of a therapeutic agent to parenchymal tissue in the spine of a target subject. In certain embodiments, the cannula system includes a cannula positioning guide (CPG) useful in the delivery of a therapeutic agent to a localized target tissue of a subject. The guide may be used in a surgical suite or during a surgical procedure.

Abstract: A system includes an access cannula, a deployment cannula having a plurality of engagement arms, and a containment bag. The deployment cannula is slidable within the access cannula between an initial condition, wherein the engagement arms are retained in a contracted configuration, and a deployed condition, wherein the engagement arms are disposed in an expanded configuration. The containment bag includes an open end portion configured to receive the first elongated tubular member and the second elongated tubular member. In the initial condition, a portion of the containment bag towards the open end portion is positioned adjacent at least one of the first elongated tubular member or the second elongated tubular member. In the deployed condition, the portion of the containment bag is expanded such that the portion of the containment bag is spaced-apart from the at least one of the first elongated tubular member or the second elongated tubular member.

Abstract: An obturator includes a unitary body having an elongate portion, a handle portion formed on a proximal portion of the elongate portion, and a piercing tip formed on a distal portion of the elongate portion. The obturator further includes a section of heat shrink tubing received about the handle portion of the unitary body. A method of assembling an obturator includes selecting an obturator body having a unitary structure and having a handle portion, placing a section of heat shrink tubing about the handle portion of the obturator body, heating the section of heat shrink tubing to shrink the tubing about the handle portion, and trimming the section of heat shrink tubing.

Abstract: A tissue guard for use with a surgical access device includes a body having a proximal end, a distal end and lumen defined therebetween. A proximal lip extends radially from the proximal end and is configured to mount atop a rim of an access device. The proximal lip includes an annular channel defined therein disposed in fluid communication with the lumen, the annular channel configured to direct surgical gases from the lumen to a smoke evacuation system. The annular channel includes a neck defined therein disposed between the lumen and the annular channel, the neck having geometry configured to induce the evacuation of surgical gases or smoke therethrough. One or more fingers extend from the proximal lip and are configured to engage an access device to secure the tissue guard thereon.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an automatic recognition method for spatial position and pose of parallel external fixator, including the following steps of: installing three markers on each of the two fixation rings of the parallel external fixator; obtaining 3D images of six marker balls after scanning and reconstruction by a common 3D clinical imaging system; recognizing the sphere center coordinates of the six marker balls by sphere fitting algorithm; according to the mounting configuration of the markers on the two fixation rings, establishing coordinate systems of two fixation rings and determining the spatial position and pose of the external fixator; in addition, by obtaining the 3D images of the fracture bone segments with the 3D clinical imaging system and simulating the movement of the fracture deformity correction, the adjustment schedule of the external fixator struts can be achieved.

Abstract: A polyaxial bone screw assembly includes a threaded shank body having an upper portion, a receiver, a compression insert and an articulation structure made from at least two discrete pieces. The shank upper portion cooperates with the compression insert to place the retainer in frictional engagement with the receiver. The geometry of the retainer structure pieces corresponds and cooperates with the external geometry of the shank upper portion to frictionally envelope the retainer structure between the capture structure and an internal surface defining a cavity of the receiver.

Abstract: A bone anchoring device includes a receiving part with a rod receiving portion having a first end, a second end, a recess for the rod, an outer surface, and a first engagement structure on the outer surface that extends farther radially outwardly than other parts of the rod receiving portion, and a flexible head receiving portion for inserting and clamping the head. The bone anchoring device also includes a locking ring configured to be arranged around the head receiving portion for locking the head, the locking ring having an outer surface and a second engagement structure on the outer surface that extends farther radially outwardly than the outer surface of the rod receiving portion. The engagement structures are configured to be engaged by an instrument to move the locking ring from a locking position to a position where the inserted head is pivotable.

Abstract: Methods and devices for treating spinal deformities are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a low-profile spinal anchoring device is provided for receiving a spinal fixation element, such as a tether, therethrough. The device generally includes a staple body that is adapted to seat a spinal fixation element, a fastening element for fixing the staple body to bone, and a locking assembly for coupling a spinal fixation element to the staple body. In one embodiment, the locking assembly includes a washer that is adapted to couple to the staple body such that the spinal fixation is disposed therebetween, and a locking nut that is adapted to engage the staple body to mate the washer to the staple body.

Abstract: A cutter for cutting an implant is provided. The cutter includes a gearbox; a primary milling bit, a secondary milling bit and a lead screw operatively coupled to the gearbox; an input coupling coupled rigidly to the primary milling bit; and an implant coupler coupled rigidly to the lead screw, wherein the gearbox is operable to translate with respect to the lead screw and to drive the secondary milling bit in response to a driving force applied to the input coupling.

Abstract: A spinal fixation device is provided including a modular head assembly and a bone screw. The modular had assembly includes a housing, an anvil, an insert, and a snap ring. The housing defines a proximal surface and an opposite, distal surface, and the proximal and distal surfaces define a throughbore therethrough. The anvil is configured to be slidably received within a portion of the throughbore. The insert defines a proximal surface and an opposite, distal surface, and the distal surface defines a first counterbore therein that terminates at a first annular surface. The first annular surface defines a second counterbore that terminates at a second annular surface. The snap ring is configured to be disposed within the first counterbore of the insert when in a first configuration, and within the second counterbore of the insert when in a second configuration.

Abstract: Intramedullary nails, systems, and methods. The intramedullary nail may include a generally elongate body extending from a first, distal end to a second, proximal end. The distal end may include one or more openings configured to receive one or more bone anchors that extend transversely through the distal end intramedullary nail, and thereby configured to secure the distal end of the nail. The proximal end may also include one or more openings configured to receive one or more bone anchors that extend transversely through the proximal end of the intramedullary nail, and thereby configured to secure the proximal end of the nail. In some embodiments, the proximal opening may contain one or more relief cuts.

Abstract: System, including methods, apparatus, and kits, for bone fixation using a fixation device including a mounting portion and a fastener that attaches to the mounting portion. In some embodiments, the fixation device may include first and second mounting portions configured to be disposed across a bone from each other and secured with a fastener that extends from one of the mounting portions, through the bone, and to the other mounting portion. The system also may include a tool to facilitate installation of the fixation device.

Abstract: A metatarsus adductus technique may involve cutting an end of one or both of a second metatarsal and an intermediate cuneiform to create a wedge-shaped opening between the end of the second metatarsal and the intermediate cuneiform. The method may further involve cutting an end of one or both of a third metatarsal and a lateral cuneiform to also create a wedge-shaped opening between the end of the third metatarsal and the lateral cuneiform. The second metatarsal and the third metatarsal can then be moved in a transverse plane to close a metatarsus adductus angle. Movement of the second and third metatarsal may close the wedge-shaped openings forming during bone cutting. With the second and third metatarsals appropriately realigned, the clinician can fixate the moved position of the second metatarsal and the third metatarsal.

Abstract: The device is a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate is used to stabilize a stifle joint in an animal in veterinary surgery after a torn cranial cruciate ligament. The TPLO plate has a proximal portion and a curved distal portion, connected by an offset portion.

Abstract: A bone fusing implant device includes an elongated body extending along a longitudinal direction and having a star-shaped cross-section. The elongated body includes a central through-opening extending through the elongated body's center along the longitudinal direction and an outer surface with alternating elongated ridges and slit openings extending along the longitudinal direction. The outer surface is coated with bone growth enhancing additives.

Abstract: This disclosure describes exemplary screw and intramedullary devices that are better able to bring bone fragments into close proximity with each other, generate a compressive load, and maintain that compressive load for a prolonged period of time while healing occurs. The devices are made of a shape memory material.

Abstract: Provided is an orthopedic implanted screw. The orthopedic implanted screw may include a fixed seat and a screw body. The fixed seat may include a seat body, a deformation limiting portion and a taper portion. Herein, the seat body is provided with a limiting cavity, a top avoiding opening and a bottom avoiding opening, the deformation limiting portion is provided on an inner wall surface of the seat body, and the taper portion is provided on an outer wall surface of the seat body. The screw body is detachably mounted on the fixed seat, the screw body being configured to drill into a bone in a rotating mode, the taper portion may drills into the bone, to accordingly prevent the screw body from dropping out of the bone.

Abstract: A wire passer system for passing a surgical wire around a bone. The wire passer system broadly comprises a gun assembly, a flexible push member, and a surgical wire. The gun assembly can comprise a handle, a trigger, a rigid guide section, a support guide, a push rod, and tensioner.

Abstract: A surgical impaction apparatus. The surgical impaction apparatus includes a surgical hammer (10). The surgical hammer has a handle. The surgical hammer also has an impaction head (2) having an impaction axis (7) and a striking face (20). The striking face is substantially perpendicular to the impaction axis. The surgical hammer further has an inertial measurement unit (30), which is operable to measure a direction in which an impaction force is applied by the impaction head relative to the impaction axis. A method of providing feedback to a surgeon about an impaction force applied by an impaction head of a surgical hammer. The method includes striking an object with a striking face of the impaction head. The method also includes measuring a direction in which an impaction force was applied by the impaction head relative to an impaction axis of the impaction head. The striking face is substantially perpendicular to the impaction axis.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first interrogation waveform and a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter to output the first radio frequency waveform based on a response of the first interrogation waveform.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter. The electrosurgical generator also includes a second radio frequency source having: a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a second radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the first radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter. The electrosurgical generator also includes a second radio frequency source having: a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a second radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the first radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having: a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a monopolar radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter to output the monopolar radio frequency waveform. The generator also includes a second radio frequency source having: a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a bipolar radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the monopolar radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter to output the bipolar radio frequency waveform.

Abstract: A medical system for ablating a tissue site with real-time monitoring during an electroporation treatment procedure. A pulse generator generates a pre-treatment (PT) test signal prior to the treatment procedure and intra-treatment (IT) test signals during the treatment procedure. A treatment control module determines impedance values from the PT test signal and IT test signals and determines a progress of electroporation and an end point of treatment in real-time based on the determined impedance values while the treatment progresses.

Abstract: A medical device that includes a handle, a shaft extending distally from the handle and defining a lumen, and an actuator disposed in the shaft and including a distal tip. The actuator and the distal tip are movable relative to the lumen. The medical device includes an expandable member having an inner cavity. The actuator is configured to engage the expandable member when moving distally relative to the lumen and in response to the distal tip entering the inner cavity. The actuator is configured to disengage the expandable member when moving proximally relative to the lumen and in response to the distal tip exiting the inner cavity.