Abstract: A method includes providing a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, printing patterns of a plurality of obstructers, a plurality of channels, an evaporator channel, a condenser channel, and a connecting channel on the first metal sheet, bonding the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet to each other, separating the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet from each other to form the plurality of channels, the evaporator channel, the condenser channel, and the connecting channel by introducing a fluid between the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet, introducing working fluid in the plurality of channels, and sealing the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided with a unitary, single-piece structure that can be formed via 3D printing, for example. The heat exchanger includes a main body a plurality of plates stacked and integrally formed with the body. First fluid channels are defined by gaps in the material of the main body, and second fluid channels are defined by gaps in the material of the main body and are stacked with the first fluid channels in alternating fashion, separated by the plates. Each of the first fluid channels are fluidly coupled to two manifolds, and each of the second fluid channels are fluidly coupled to two more manifolds. One of the manifolds has a reduced interior volume to control and normalize fluid flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (4) comprises a heat exchanger core (20) comprising first fluid channels (22) and second fluid flow channels (24) for exchange of heat between the first and second fluids. First and second manifold portions (42, 44) are provided to guide the first and second fluids between the first and second fluid flow channels (22, 249 and first and second fluid interface portions (48, 49) which comprise fewer channels than the heat exchanger core (20). The first manifold portion (42) includes at least one tunnel portion (46) extending through the second manifold portion (44) at an angle to the direction of second fluid flow. Hence at least part of the first fluid is directed through the inside of the tunnel portion while the second fluid passes around the outside of the tunnel portion. This enables more compact heat exchanger design.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising first fluid inlets, first fluid outlets, second fluid inlets and second fluid outlets. Each of the first fluid inlets, the first fluid outlets, the second fluid inlets and the second fluid outlets are arranged on four different sides of a heat exchanger core. A manifold covers one of the four different sides of the heat exchanger core, wherein a first sidewall of the manifold is arranged at an angle smaller than 90 degree to the one side of the heat exchanger core which is covered by the manifold. An edge of the heat exchanger core between the one side of the heat exchanger core which is covered by the manifold and a neighbouring side of the four different sides of the heat exchanger core forms a common weld line with a connecting edge of the first sidewall of the manifold. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanger core and a manifold.

Abstract: A three dimensional pulsating heat pipe includes a three dimensional pipe coil structure and a heat exchange chamber. The three dimensional pipe coil structure is formed by winding at least one metal pipe to surround repeatedly a central axis and stack by extending along the central axis. Two opposite sides of the three dimensional pipe coil structure are arranged as a heating section and a condensation section, respectively. The heat exchange chamber is disposed at the heating section. Two opposite ends of the at least one metal pipe are connected with an interior of the heat exchange chamber.

Abstract: A method for transferring heat from a lower temperature heat source to a higher temperature heat sink using only the energy in the heat source and heat sink. The method uses a converting material which is adapted to receive external radiation from the lower temperature heat source, absorb the external radiation exciting an element of the converting material, non-radiatively transfer heat within the converting material by relaxing an element of the converting material, and conductively transferring heat from the converting material to the exterior of the converting material, where the heat can be used for an external process or application.

Abstract: A cooling tower splash bar hanger assembly includes a grid comprised of a plurality of wires, including vertical and horizontal wires, defining a plurality of slots. The plurality of vertical wires includes a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire. The plurality of slots includes a first slot. The first slot defines a first slot width. A first splash bar defines a first bar width and is configured for positioning in the first slot supported by one of the plurality of horizontal wires. A second splash bar defines a second bar width. The second splash bar is supported by the one of the plurality of horizontal wires. The first slot width is greater than the first bar width and the second bar width. The first slot width and the first bar width define a size ratio of approximately two to one or greater than two to one.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an energy source and an expansion structure. The energy source is configured to convey an amount of energy operable to increase a pressure of a compressible gas disposed in a chamber. The expansion structure is configured to be placed in fluid communication with the chamber and to receive a flow of the compressible gas in response to the increase in pressure. The expansion structure includes an inlet having a first diameter and an outlet having a second diameter greater than the first diameter and is configured to allow the compressible gas to expand as the compressible gas flows from the inlet to the outlet such that a supersonic free jet of the compressible gas exits the outlet. In some instances, the supersonic free jet of the compressible gas can accelerate, relative to the expansion structure, a projectile disposed outside of the expansion structure.

Abstract: A trigger unit including a support adapted to be mounted on a receiver of a firearm and supporting components of a trigger mechanism and a safety system; the trigger unit is modular; the support includes a plurality of seats adapted to accommodate one or more different functional components in various combinations.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a firearm suppressor. The apparatus includes an outer tube defining a longitudinal axis, and an inner cylinder defining an inner chamber. The inner cylinder is disposed at least partially within the outer tube and defines an outer chamber with the outer tube, where the outer chamber is disposed between an inner surface of the outer tube and an outer surface of the inner cylinder, and where the inner cylinder comprises at least one opening to fluidly couple the inner chamber with the outer chamber. The apparatus also includes at least one flow structure disposed in the outer chamber and positioned to direct firearm combustion gasses in a fluid pathway that is off-axis with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Dust cover assembly for a firearm, including a dust cover, a first bushing and a second bushing, a pin guided in the first bushing with pin end and a cover spring. The dust cover assembly lends itself to tool-free mounting/dismounting and disassembly/assembly, as the assembly is configured so that the pin is received spring-preloaded in the axial direction at least in the first bushing and a guide extension for interacting with a guide groove and an insertion groove of the first bushing is formed on the pin. An insertion groove can be formed parallel to the axis of rotation of the pin on the inside of the first bushing, which begins at the outer end of the bushing and ends at the guide groove and is connected to the guide groove.

Abstract: A propulsion unit includes a platform, a propulsion assembly, and a tether. The propulsion assembly facilitates selective launching of a tire deflation device from the platform. The tether is coupled to the platform and is configured for attachment to a deflation device.

Abstract: A crossbow-used trigger assembly includes a casing, a connector, a trigger, a safety element, and a shield. The casing includes a trigger pivot, a latch pivot, and a first groove in communication with a second groove. The safety element is movable in the first groove. The connector is movable in the second groove. The trigger is pivotally supported on the trigger pivot and includes a front end and a rear end pivotally connected to the connector. The latch is pivotally supported on the latch pivot. A spring biases the latch towards the front end of the trigger. Another spring biases the trigger to keep the connector from the first groove. The shield is pivotally supported on the trigger pivot and includes a protuberance extending beyond the front end of the trigger to abut against the latch.

Abstract: An archery accessory coupler and method are disclosed herein. The archery accessory coupler, in an embodiment, includes first and second members. The first member has a first riser engager. The second member has a second riser engager. At least one of the first and second members is configured to at least partially support an accessory. The first and second riser engagers are configured to be engaged with a bow riser in an arrangement in which the first and second riser engagers are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: An archery coupling assembly and method are disclosed herein. The archery coupling assembly, in an embodiment, includes a coupler configured to be coupled to a body of an archery bow. The archery coupling assembly also includes a device moveably coupled to the coupler. The device includes a first engager configured to engage a first portion of the body, and the device includes a second engager configured to engage a second portion of the body. The first and second engagers are arranged to at least partially compress the body of the archery bow.

Abstract: An archery compound bow cam cover and sling device is disclosed. The cam cover and sling device can include two cam covers operable to at least partially cover cams of a compound bow. The cam cover and sling device can also include two limb tensioning members coupled to respective cam covers, operable to extend along limbs of the compound bow, and configured to couple with the compound bow at limb ends opposite the cams. The cam cover and sling device can further include a central tensioning member coupled to the two cam covers and operable to extend between the cams, wherein the central tensioning member is configured to increase tension in the limb tensioning members to secure the cam covers about the cams. In addition, the cam cover and sling device can also include a sling coupled to the two cam covers to support, and facilitate carrying, the compound bow.

Abstract: An example firearm receptacle includes a mounting structure, a firearm holder, and a door stopper. The mounting structure is configured to be fixably mounted to one of a wall or a door. The door stopper is configured to transition between a deployed position and a stowed position. In the example embodiment, the door stopper is configured to impede the opening of the door when the door stopper is in the deployed position and to allow the opening of the door when the door stopper is in the stowed position. The door stopper is additionally configured to prevent the door stopper from transitioning to the stowed position when a firearm is disposed in the firearm holder.

Abstract: A shooting simulation system and method. The system includes a plurality of firearms. Each firearm is associated with a separate soldier having a man-worn computer, a location device for determining a location of the soldier, an optical system for capturing an image where the captured image provides information on a trajectory of a virtual bullet fired from a shooting firearm, and an orientation device for obtaining the orientation of the firearm when shooting the firearm. The optical system is aligned with a sight of the shooting firearm and captures the image when shooting the firearm. The system also includes a shooter/target location resolution module for identifying a valid target and a target image recognition module for determining an impact location where a virtual bullet from the shooting firearm would impact within the captured image and determining if an identified target from the captured image is a hit or a miss.

Abstract: A system comprises a photodetector array (PDA) including a plurality of imaging pixels configured to generate electrical signals indicative of an imaged scene, and an integrated circuit (IC) operatively connected to the PDA to receive the electrical signals from the imaging pixels to form image data.

Abstract: A metalized textile containing a textile, a first metalized layer at least partially covering a first side of the textile, and a second metalized layer at least partially covering the first metalized layer. The first metalized layer covers at least a portion of the surfaces of the plurality of yarns of the textile, where the first metalized layer contains a metal. The second metalized layer is adjacent to the first metalized layer at least partially covering the first metalized layer and contains a plurality of metallic particles, binder, and a pigment. The second metalized layer comprises a pattern of at least 2 colors, where at least one of the colors contains a plurality of metallic particles and a pigment. At least two colors have a difference in reflectivity of at least 20% in each of the following regions: 1 ?m, 2 ?m, average over 3-5 ?m, and average over 8-12 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a furniture inlay personal protection shield that is removable from furniture to provide personal protection, in an emergency, from bodily harm threats. The furniture inlay personal protection shield comprising an exterior surface inlay that is sized and fabricated to fit into a predefined opening in the furniture surface, a bullet-resistant inner liner affixed to the interior surface of the exterior surface inlay, and at least one handle proximate the bullet-resistant inner liner where a user can, by way of the handle, securely position the bullet-resistant inner liner between the user and the bodily harm threat.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to a target system. The target system may include a locking plate having a first aperture and a second aperture. In one embodiment, the first aperture may be wider than the second aperture. The target system further includes a target face. The target face may be implemented with a target stem, a locking support, and a locking retainer. In one embodiment, the locking retainer may be wider than the second aperture. Similarly, a target is disclosed which includes a locking plate. The locking plate includes a pass-through portion and a locking portion. In certain embodiments, the locking portion may be wider than the pass-through portion. The target system further includes a target face. The target face may be implemented with an elongated portion, a locking support portion, and a locking retainer portion. In one embodiment, the locking retainer portion is wider than the locking portion.

Abstract: A method where a laser beam is configured to generate a laser-induced plasma filament (LIPF), and the LIPF acts as a decoy to detract a homing missile or other threat from a specific target.

Abstract: Methods and systems for playing field football dart game. The method includes receiving request to start field football dart game from player device. The method includes presenting user interface (UI) of field football dart gaming application on player device based on received request. The UI includes a dartboard with one or more darts, yard field with yard lines, football placed on yard field, a scoreboard associated with each player, a timer and a plurality of actionable buttons. The method further includes facilitating playing of field football dart game by receiving dart inputs in response to throws of physical darts on physical dartboard by players, and moving football placed on yard field in response to dart inputs in field football dart gaming application and a plurality of pre-defined rules. The dart inputs are provided by one or more players by moving darts on dartboard in field football dart gaming application.

Abstract: Provided is a bullet hit squib including: an electrical connection line; a glow wire connected to the electrical connection line; and a primary explosive charge by which an active substance is formed which can be ignited by the glow wire. The primary explosive charge is formed by a primary explosive which is free of heavy metals and contains silver azide. A method for producing a bullet hit squib is also provided.

Abstract: A projectile system has a projectile with a metal body having a first outside diameter, a forward end and a rearward end, a plastic base wad engaged at the rearward end, the plastic base wad of solid plastic having a first length and a second outside diameter, greater than the first outside diameter, and a rifled barrel having a third inside diameter at the tips of the rifling, the third inside diameter greater than the first outside diameter but less than the second outside diameter, and a fourth diameter at the root of the rifling greater than the second outside diameter. With the projectile translating along the rifled barrel, the metal body passes inside the rifling, avoiding metal to metal friction, while the plastic base wad fully engages the rifling, imparting rotation to the metal projectile.

Abstract: Frangible firearm projectiles, firearm cartridges, and methods for forming the same. The projectiles are formed from metal powder and include an anti-sparking agent. One or more of iron, zinc, bismuth, tin, copper, nickel, tungsten, boron, and/or alloys thereof may form the metal powder. The projectiles may be formed from a compacted mixture of two or more different metal powders. The anti-sparking agent may include a borate, such as boric acid, zinc chloride, and/or petrolatum. The anti-sparking agent may be dispersed within, and/or applied as a coating on, the exterior of the projectile. The compacted mixture may be heat treated for a time sufficient to form a plurality of discrete alloy domains within the compacted mixture. Such domains may be formed by a mechanism that includes vapor-phase diffusion bonding and oxidation of the metal powders and that does form a liquid phase of the metal powder or utilize a polymeric binder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bullet. More particularly, the present invention relates to a bullet including concentric and sequentially ordered cylindrical fore, intermediate and aft portions. The aft portion comprises a cross-sectional diameter about equal to the diameter measured across the rifle landings of the riffled barrel operatively to create a gas pressure build up there-behind while the rifling grooves and lands deform and/or cut the aft portion thereby to impart spin to the bullet about the central axial axis thereof. The intermediate portion comprises a cross-sectional diameter smaller than that of the aft portion, which acts as a bearing surface for operatively riding along the rifling lands thereby to inhibit yawing of the bullet while operatively travelling through the rifled barrel.

Abstract: A wireline release tool for downhole intervention, the tool including a housing having an electrical input and an electrical output; a pass-through switch located inside the housing and electrically connected between the electrical input and the electrical output; and a circuit limiter device located inside the housing and electrically connected between the electrical input and the electrical output. The pass-through switch is connected in parallel to the circuit limiter device, between the electrical input and the electrical output.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic detonation device for a blasting system. The electronic detonation device include: an electronic detonator; a wireless communication module; an electric wire connecting the electronic detonator to the wireless communication module; and a communication module support in which the electric wire is stored in a wound state, with the wireless communication module positioned on an upper surface of the communication module support. The communication module support is provided with a pile part configured to be driven into a ground for fixation, so that the electronic detonation device enables stable communication reliability to be secured by orienting the wireless communication module toward the sky, thereby preventing malfunction during blasting and improving blasting accuracy.

Abstract: A detonator includes a control circuit and a charging circuit. The control circuit receives a first signal transmitted using a voltage applied to a cable by a blasting device and transmits a second signal to the blasting device using a current flowing to the cable. The charging circuit performs a charging operation by receiving the voltage through the cable. The charging circuit stops the charging operation while the control circuit transmits the second signal to the blasting device.

Abstract: A munition includes a warhead having a warhead axis and axially opposed first and second warhead ends. The warhead includes: a tubular shock attenuation barrier including an axially extending passage extending from a first barrier end proximate the first warhead end to a second barrier end proximate the second warhead end; an explosive core charge disposed in the passage; an explosive main charge surrounding the shock attenuation barrier; projectiles surrounding the main charge; a core charge detonator; and a main charge detonator. The warhead is configured to be activated in each of a first projection mode and an alternative second projection mode. When the warhead is activated in the first projection mode, the main charge detonator detonates the main charge to thereby forcibly project the projectiles from the warhead with a first set of projection velocities and velocity profile.

Abstract: A length measurement device comprises: a tape which is wound on a reel received in a case, one end of which is pulled out of the case so as to measure the length of an object, and which has a barcode formed on one surface thereof; a first measurement unit for recognizing the barcode on the tape so as to generate a first measurement value of the length along which the tape is pulled out of the case; a second measurement unit for sensing a rotation angle of the reel so as to generate a second measurement value of the length along which the tape is pulled out of the case; and a control unit for making the first measurement value and the second measurement value mutually compensate for each other so as to convert same into the pulled-out length information of the tape.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to a roller tape measure comprising a housing and a flexible measuring tape that is in operative connection with the housing and that includes scale indicia on a surface thereof. The measuring tape extends within an interior area of the housing and includes a length portion that is selectively variably extendable and retractable from the housing interior area. The housing includes a hook in operative connection therewith that is movable between an extended position and a retracted position independently of extension and retraction of the measuring tape. The hook includes a hook bend portion with a measuring edge that extends perpendicular the measuring tape surface to facilitate reading of the scale indicia for measurement. In the extended position of the hook, the hook is configured to engage an article of flexible material to enable a portion of the article to be stretched for measurement.

Abstract: A valve clearance measuring assembly includes a panel having a first side, a second side, a forward edge and a rearward edge. The forward edge is extendable between a valve tip and a rocker arm. The first and second sides of the panel each are planar and orientated planar with respect to each other. A head includes a central member and a pair of arms. The arms extend in a generally same direction with respect to each other to define a space between the arms. The panel is attached to the arms and traverses the space. The forward edge is in static communication with the arms such that the forward edge is in a linear configuration as the forward edge traverses the space.

Abstract: A complex surface three-coordinate measuring device includes a three-degree-of-freedom motion platform and a force control probe, the force control probe is fixedly mounted on the Z-axis sliding block, which is in the same direction as the X-axis direction and used to contact with the workpiece surface with constant force. A six-axis force sensor is used to collect the contact force between the stylus and the workpiece surface. In this method, the force control is realized in the measurement to make the stylus in constant force contact with the workpiece surface. The error compensation direction is determined according to the direction of the contact force, and then the effective radius of the stylus spherical head is compensated in this direction, thus the actual contact point of stylus and workpiece can be obtained.

Abstract: A system and a method for uniformed surface measurement are provided, in which a sensor is provided to perform measurements on a carrier in a polishing machine, and a measuring trajectory of the sensor on the carrier is adjusted by controlling the pivoting of a sensor carrier carrying the sensor and the rotation of a rotating platform in the polishing machine in order to achieve uniformed surface measurements of the carrier and real-time constructions of the surface topography. This allows the polishing state of the carrier to be monitored in real time, thereby improving the efficiency of the polishing process. A sensing apparatus for uniformed surface measurement is also provided.

Abstract: A position sensing arrangement for sensing the position of a revolute joint of an articulated structure. The position sensing arrangement comprises a disc and a magnetic sensor assembly. The disc comprises a first magnetic ring with m magnetic pole pairs, and a second magnetic ring with n magnetic pole pairs, where m and n are co-prime, and a mounting arrangement by which the disc is mountable to a magnetisation jig during manufacture and the articulated structure during operation, the mounting arrangement permitting the disc to be mounted to the magnetisation jig and articulated structure in a single orientation only. The magnetic sensor assembly comprises a first magnetic sensor array for detecting the magnetic pole pairs of the first magnetic ring, and a second magnetic sensor array for detecting the magnetic pole pairs of the second magnetic ring.

Abstract: A magnetic field generator generates a detection-target magnetic field related to an angle to be detected. An angle sensor includes a first and a second magnetic sensor and a processor. The first magnetic sensor detects, at a first detection position, a first applied magnetic field including the detection-target magnetic field, and generates first detection information having a correspondence with the angle to be detected. The second magnetic sensor detects, at a second detection position, a second applied magnetic field including the detection-target magnetic field, and generates second detection information having a correspondence with the angle to be detected. The processor generates an angle detection value by performing arithmetic processing using the first and second detection information. The ratio of a strength of the detection-target magnetic field at the second detection position to a strength of the detection-target magnetic field at the first detection position is 1.65 or more.

Abstract: A magnetically responsive member is disposed on a rotating member along the circumference of the rotating member in such a manner that the magnetically responsive member rotates together with the rotating member, and the magnetically responsive member is formed in a line-shaped pattern varying cyclically in a rotational axis direction. A stator is disposed around the rotating member in a contactless manner, and the stator includes a primary coil wound around the rotating member, and a secondary coil forming a loop pattern of a plurality of cycles along the circumference of the rotating member. As the primary coil is AC-energized, an induced AC output signal corresponding to relative positions between the line-shaped pattern of the rotating member and the loop pattern of the secondary coil, which depend on a rotational position of the rotating member, is output from the secondary coil.

Abstract: An inspection method, correction method, and inspection device that include measuring a first spatial position where laser light is emitted at a first region and measuring a first strike position where the inspection device is struck by the laser light in the first region, the measurements being performed by emitting the laser light at the first region of the inspection device; measuring a second spatial position where the laser light is emitted at a second region and measuring a second strike position where the inspection device is struck by the laser light in the second region, the measurements being performed by emitting the laser light at the second region of the inspection device; and comparing measurement results for the first spatial position and the second spatial position with measurement results for the first strike position and the second strike position.

Abstract: An abrasion inspection apparatus includes: a first imaging unit that is installed on a side of a track, a vehicle traveling along the track, a guide wheel being installed on a side of the vehicle, the first imaging unit imaging an inside of the track via a telecentric lens; a second imaging unit that is installed in a vehicle traveling direction with respect to the first imaging unit on the side of the track and images the inside of the track via a telecentric lens; an image acquisition unit that acquires an image which is an image of a boundary of the guide wheel captured by the first imaging unit and is an image of a boundary on a first direction side in the vehicle traveling direction and an image which is an image of the boundary of the guide wheel captured by the second imaging unit at the same time as the capturing of the image by the first imaging unit and is an image of a boundary on an opposite side to the first direction side; and a guide wheel detection unit that detects an abrasion situation of th

Abstract: A time-of-flight identification system and method for warehousing and freight transportation are provided by assembling an optical identification device in a container. The optical identification device includes a first, a second, and a third image capturing units, a beam receiving and calibrating unit, an estimation and processing unit, a transmission module and a power supply module. The optical identification device is connected to a monitoring device via signals; wherein the optical identification device is used to perform multi-segment space flight time identification method for logistics managers or inventory personnel to check whether inventory personnel correctly store the goods in storage space inside the container; to improve space utilization rate for the container. The present invention can be installed in: truck container, refrigerated truck container, truck rear cargo container, port centralized container, so as to promote cargo management efficiency and safety.

Abstract: A device is proposed for the contactless three-dimensional inspection of a blade (5) for a turbomachine, comprising: means for scanning the teeth, comprising at least one first pair of laser measurement modules (2A, 2B) and means for the rotational driving, about the main axis, of the blade relative to the modules along the main axis of the blade; means for the rebuilding of a three-dimensional virtual representation of the blade using data coming from said scanning means; means of dimensional inspection using the three-dimensional representation; each pair of modules comprising a first module (2A) oriented towards a first face of a tooth and a second module oriented towards a second face of a tooth; the modules being oriented relative to the blade so that during a rotation of the blade about the main axis, the scanning means scan the first and second faces of the blade on the entire rim of said blade, and so that during a translation of the blade along the main axis, said scanning means scan the first an

Abstract: A lighting system is described that includes a first lighting device, a second lighting device and a pattern element. The first lighting device includes at least one individual light-emitting element configured to emit light with a first beam profile. The second lighting device includes at least one individual light-emitting element configured to emit light with a second beam profile such that a third beam profile, different from the first beam profile and the second beam profile, is provided as a combination of the first beam profile and the second beam profile. The pattern element is configured to generate a pattern on at least one of the first beam profile and the second beam profile and a pattern on the third beam profile.

Abstract: An active optical compressive sensing system includes an optical source to generate light for illuminating a target and a pattern generator to generate a pattern. A pattern controller controls an operation of the pattern generator to cause generation of a desired pattern. The pattern is a spatial filtering pattern that enables data compression by generating sparse scattered data. Applying the pattern allows a logarithmic resource scaling.

Abstract: A metrology system may include an illumination sub-system to illuminate a metrology target on a sample with illumination having a symmetric off-axis illumination profile, where the symmetric off-axis illumination profile is symmetric along one or more measurement directions, and where the illumination sub-system provides illumination from opposing angles in the symmetric off-axis illumination profile at least one of simultaneously or sequentially. The metrology target may include a first periodic structure on a first layer of the sample and a second periodic structure on a second layer of the sample. The metrology system may further include an imaging sub-system to generate images of the metrology target formed using two non-zero diffraction orders from each point of the symmetric off-axis illumination profile. The metrology subsystem may further determine an overlay error indicative of alignment between the first layer and the second layer based on the one or more images.

Abstract: A method for non-destructive testing of walls of components, at least one ultrasonic transducer (1) which is fixed to a surface of the wall is used to emit horizontally polarized transverse waves (3) in a lateral propagation direction and compression waves or vertically polarized transverse waves (6) in a radial propagation direction. The at least one ultrasonic transducer (1) and/or at least one further ultrasonic transducer arranged at a known distance from the at least one ultrasonic transducer (1) on the respective wall of the component (2) is/are used to detect horizontally polarized transverse waves (4) reflected by defects and compression waves or vertically polarized transverse waves (7) after or while running the non-destructive testing of the wall in order to determine the respective wall thickness.

Abstract: Examples of the present subject matter provide techniques for measuring thicknesses of materials using one or more acquisition cycles. The data from the one or more acquisition cycles may be amplified using a specified gain across the signal response, converted to a digital signal, and stored in a memory. The digital signal may be retrieved from memory, and signal processing techniques using one or more time-variable threshold(s) may be used to calculate one or more thickness(es) of the testing object.

Abstract: A system includes an inertial navigation system module (INS module) that detects vehicle yaw rates and vehicle lateral speeds, a controller circuit communicatively coupled with the INS module. The controller circuit determines a tire cornering stiffness (Cf, Cr) based on vehicle physical parameters and vehicle dynamic parameters. The controller circuit determines a vehicle moment of inertia (Iz) based on the vehicle physical parameters, the vehicle dynamic parameters, and the tire cornering stiffness (Cf, Cr).