Abstract: Disclosed is a fertilizer granule containing a homogeneous mixture containing i) phosphogypsum in an amount providing 6.5 wt. % to 22 wt. % of calcium (Ca) and 5 wt. % to 17.6 wt. % of sulfur (S) present in the form of sulfate, ii) 3.8 wt. % to 8 wt. % of magnesium (Mg), iii) 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of zinc (Zn), iv) additional sulfate in an amount providing 5 to 12.5 wt. % of sulfur (S), and v) optionally 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. % of a humic substance, based on the total weight of the fertilizer granule. Methods of making and using the fertilizer granule are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of fertilizer particle. In particular, it relates to a fertilizer particle comprising a fertilizer core and an outside layer of a conditioning agent comprising an iron chelate component dissolved in a solvent, characterized in that the solvent is selected from the group of glycols, glycol ethers and mixtures thereof, an iron chelate component, and optionally urea. The present disclosure also related to the method of preparing such a fertilizer particle. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a liquid composition, comprising an iron chelate component dissolved in a solvent selected from the group of glycols, glycol ethers and mixtures thereof, and urea. Finally, it also related to the use of a liquid composition, comprising an iron chelate component dissolved in a solvent selected from the group of glycols, glycol ethers and mixtures thereof, and optionally urea, as a coating agent for solid fertilizer particles.

Abstract: A method for processing liquid manure 1, in particular cattle manure, comprising: supplying the liquid manure 1, separating 2 the solid parts 14 in the manure from the liquid part 3, treatment of the liquid part 3 by: adding Magnesium Chloride 5 to convert Phosphates in the liquid part into Struvite, and inserting air 6, increasing the pH level in the liquid Struvite 7 by Lime injection 9 to convert the Ammonium into Ammonia, adding Hydrochloric acid 12 to convert Ammonia into Ammonium Chloride, separating Phosphor and Nitrogen containing components from the resulting liquid 18 by reverse Osmose 17, mixing 13 the separated Phosphor and Nitrogen containing components 16 with the precipitate Struvite 15 and solid parts 14 resulting from the separation process 2 to get fertilizer 22, neutralizing 20 the remaining liquid 19 to get clean water 21.

Abstract: A treated biochar comprising a porous carbonaceous particle that has been treated and mixed with a media containing a mineral solubilizing microorganism, whereby the porous carbonaceous particle after mixing has retained the mineral solubilizing microorganism.

Abstract: A semi-soluble humate granule includes a homogenous powder mixture. The homogenous mixture includes a raw humate, a fully soluble humic acid enriched powder, a seaweed powder, a zinc sulfate powder, a sulfur sulfate powder, a magnesium sulfate powder, a manganese sulfate powder, a ferrous sulfate powder, a copper sulfate powder, a borate powder, and a sodium molybdate powder. The homogenous mixture is granulated to form the semi-soluble humate granule having a pH of about 3.5 to about 8.5.

Abstract: A methane production apparatus (200) includes: a holding unit (110) configured to hold any one or both of: a metal organic framework containing any one or a plurality of chromium, copper, and magnesium, and storing carbon dioxide; and potassium bicarbonate; and a hydrogen supply unit (140) configured to supply hydrogen to the holding unit (110).

Abstract: The present invention describes novel Cashew Nut Shell Liquid derived cycloaliphatic functional compounds and methods for making the same. The invention also provide methods to use these derivatives in antimicrobials, antioxidants, adhesives, coatings, corrosion retardants composites, cosmetics, detergents, soaps, de-icing products, elastomers, food, flavors, inks, lubricants, oil field chemicals, tackifiers, prepolymer chain-extenders, rheology modifiers, electrical and electronic components (potting, castings, encapsulants), personal care products, polymers, structural polymers, engineered plastics, 3D printable polymers, 3D printable polymers, UV/E-beam/cationic curable polymers, techno-polymers, rubbers, sealants, solvents, surfactants and varnishes, transformer oil, lubricants.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention, 1,3-butadiene is produced by vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), feeding the resulting into two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert the ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst, supplying the resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert the ethanol and acetaldehyde to 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst, purifying the resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), a second distillation column (118), and mixing one of both of a part of the ethanol-containing gas and an acetaldehyde-containing gas obtained in the second distillation column (118) are mixed with the intermediate gas, thereby adjusting an ethanol/acetaldehyde molar ratio in the intermediate gas to 1 to 100.

Abstract: A benzene selective hydrogenation reaction system and a method are provided. The system includes a benzene refiner, a first hydrogenation reactor, a second hydrogenation reactor and a separator which are connected in sequence. The first hydrogenation reactor is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and the second hydrogenation reactor is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet. The first inlet is connected to the discharge port of the benzene refiner; the first outlet is connected to the second inlet; the second outlet is connected to the separator. The catalyst outlet is connected to the first hydrogenation reactor for recycling the catalyst into the first hydrogenation reactor. Two micro-interface units are respectively disposed within the first hydrogenation reactor and the second hydrogenation reactor, and the micro-interface units are used for dispersing and breaking hydrogen into micro-bubbles with a micron-scale diameter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing butadiene are disclosed. In a reaction unit, n-butane is dehydrogenated in the presence of a double-dehydrogenation catalyst to produce a mixture that includes butadiene and unreacted n-butane. An extractive distillation unit that uses soybean oil as the solvent is utilized to extract at least some of the unreacted n-butane from the mixture.

Abstract: A full continuous flow synthesis process of fluorine-containing aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for neutralizing a composition A comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,1-dichloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropane and one or more acid compound(s) of formula HX with X?F or Cl; said process comprising the step a) of bringing said composition A into contact with a solution B under conditions capable of limiting the formation of 1-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Abstract: A process for synthesising methanol comprising the steps of (i) forming a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon feedstock in a reforming unit; (ii) cooling the synthesis gas in one or more stages of heat exchange, and recovering process condensate from the cooled synthesis gas; (iii) passing a feed gas comprising the make-up gas to a methanol synthesis loop comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors; (iv) recovering a product gas mixture containing methanol from the methanol synthesis loop, cooling the product gas mixture to below the dew point to condense crude methanol, and separating the crude methanol from an unreacted gas mixture; and (v) recycling a portion of the unreacted gas mixture to the methanol synthesis loop and recovering a portion of the unreacted gas mixture as a purge gas stream.

Abstract: A synthetic chiral composition comprising (i) pinene isomers; (ii) linalool isomers; and (iii) a terpene or terpenoid, and formulations comprising the synthetic chiral composition, in addition to methods for preparing, creating, populating, and querying databases pertaining to, and kits comprising, the synthetic chiral composition are disclosed herein. The composition further includes one or more modifiers. The composition includes organoleptic properties (e.g. aroma) of a plant cultivar (e.g. Cannabis).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing cannabidiol and analogues thereof; the method is implemented by means of reacting a resorcinol derivative with menthyl-2,8-dien-1-ol or a derivative thereof. The method of the present invention has advantages of such as high chemical reaction selectivity and simple operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides honokiol crystal forms A, B and C and amorphous form and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises dissolving honokiol in n-heptane and standing at room temperature overnight to obtain the separated crystal as honokiol crystal form A; heating the honokiol crystal form A and cooling to room temperature to obtain a solid as honokiol crystal form B; heating the honokiol crystal form A to the molten state and then standing at quenching temperature to obtain the separated crystal as honokiol crystal form C; and adding the honokiol crystal form A with an antisolvent in DMSO/H2O system, and thus obtaining the oily matter as honokiol amorphous form. The honokiol crystal forms A, B and C and the amorphous form of the present invention have the advantages of good solubility, good stability, low hygroscopicity, long-term storage and/or good reproducibility, and are suitable for drug development.

Abstract: The invention relates to new intermediates in the synthesis of Eldecalcitol and to processes for the preparation of said intermediates and of Eldecalcitol.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (II) by cyclisation of a polyene of formula (I), and to an intermediate of formula (III). The obtained compounds are useful intermediates in the preparation of specific isoprenoids, preferably in the production of vitamin A and derivatives of vitamin A.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB) or a salt thereof, the method comprising (a) reacting isobutylene oxide with cyanide in order to obtain 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyronitrile, and (b) hydrolyzing the 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyronitrile obtained in step (a) in order to obtain HMB, wherein hydrolysis step (b) is performed using either at least one nitrilase enzyme or, alternatively, using a combination of enzymes, said combination comprising at least one nitrile hydratase and at least one amidase.

Abstract: A novel process can be used for producing methacrylates such as methacrylic acid and/or alkyl methacrylates, in particular MMA. The process leads to an increased yield and increased efficiency compared to other C4-based production processes, in particular processes starting from isobutylene or tert-butanol as raw material. The process can be operated for longer periods without disruption and with the same or even increased activities and selectivities. The process can also be executed in a manner that is as simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly as possible.

Abstract: Synthesis of novel kaurane analogues , their preparation, and their uses in cardiac protection against ischemia, hypertrophy and chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy as well as cerebral ischemia.

Abstract: A novel organic compound is provided. A novel organic compound having a carrier-transport property is provided. A novel organic compound having a hole-transport property is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index and a carrier-transport property is provided. An organic compound having a low refractive index and a hole-transport property is provided. An organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1) is provided.

Abstract: Compounds are provided having the following structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, L1, L2, G1, G2, G3, a, b, c and d are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an acrylonitrile dimer, the method including: supplying an acrylonitrile monomer, a phosphorus-based catalyst, an alcohol solvent, and an ionic liquid to a reactor to perform a dimerization reaction to prepare a single-phase dimerization reaction product (S10); supplying a reactor discharge stream including the dimerization reaction product to a first distillation column, separating the alcohol solvent and an unreacted acrylonitrile monomer from an upper discharge stream, and supplying a lower discharge stream including an acrylonitrile dimer, the ionic liquid, and the phosphorus-based catalyst to a second distillation column (S20); and separating an upper discharge stream including the acrylonitrile dimer and separating a lower discharge stream including the ionic liquid and the phosphorus-based catalyst, from the second distillation column (S30).

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein n is selected from 3 to 8 and R is hydrogen or a C1-C8 alkyl radical, a process for the preparation of the compound and uses of the compound.

Abstract: A compound, a resin composition and a laminated substrate thereof are provided. The compound has a structure represented by Formula (I) wherein A1 is C24-48 alkylene group, C24-48 alkenylene group, C24-48 alkynylene group, C24-48 alicyclic alkylene group, C24-48 alicyclic alkenylene group, or C24-48 alicyclic alkynylene group. A2 is C2-12 alkylene group, C6-C25 arylene group with two reactive groups, C4-8 cycloalkylene group, C5-25 heteroarylene group, divalent C7-C25 alkylaryl group, divalent C7-25 acylaryl group, divalent C6-25 aryl ether group, or divalent C7-25 acyloxyaryl group; and, n?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new crystal modification of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-2-aminoacetic acid as well as a method for producing this crystal modification.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a method of manufacturing a fluorine-containing compound according to which a fluorine-containing compound is manufactured under a relatively moderate reaction condition by use of a readily available compound. A method of manufacturing a fluorine-containing compound includes reacting a compound having a partial structure expressed by a formula (a) below with a Grignard reagent in the presence of a transition metal compound, —CF2—CH2—L??(a) wherein L is a sulfonate group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the production of retinal or hydrogenated form of retinal.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a process for preparation of compound of formula (I) or a salt or a solvate thereof (i.e.) siponimod. The invention also relates to intermediates used in the process and solid forms of these intermediates.

Abstract: Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a bimetallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The catalytic complexes have exhibited the ability to achieve reaction products have a very high degree of optical purifies. These reaction products can be used as reagents in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, such as bioactive products, and C—H bond oxidation of complex molecules including various drugs and natural products.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of crystallizing the compound of Formula (I), as well as crystalline forms thereof. Crystalline forms of Formula (I) disclosed include crystalline Form C, crystalline Form E, and Crystalline form B.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions and compounds having dual agonist activity at the ? and ? opioid receptors. The agonist compounds of this disclosure can also provide GPCR functional selectivity, including selective activity in the Gi pathway. In some embodiments, the compounds of this disclosure are biased ?-opioid and/or ?-opioid receptor agonists that do not significantly recruit ?-arrestins, but can activate G-protein-dependent pathways, and thus can be administered without risk of significant undesirable side effects exhibited by conventional opioid receptor agonists. In some embodiments there is provided a substantially optically pure compound having dual agonist activity at the ? and ? opioid receptors.

Abstract: A compound of the formula where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6a, and R6b are as defined in the specification and claims, or an enantiomer, stereoisomer or diastereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the use thereof in the treatment of diseases, disorders, syndromes and conditions responsive to modulation of a melanocortin receptor.

Abstract: A method for producing a first vadadustat intermediate represented by the following formula (3) comprising reacting a compound represented by the following formula (1) with glycine or a glycine derivative represented by the following formula (2) or a salt of the glycine or the glycine derivative in the presence of carbon monoxide. The method produces a vadadustat intermediate through a clean reaction with high atom conversion efficiency.

Abstract: Antimalarial compounds of the formula: in which n is 1 or 2; X is C or N; R1 is a moiety comprising a secondary amine and a tertiary amine joined by a C2 to C4 alkyl chain; and R2 is CF3, F, or H, or an analog, combination, derivative, prodrug, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Pharmaceutical compounds including the antimalarial compounds. Methods of treating or preventing malaria comprising administering an effective amount of the antimalarial compounds.

Abstract: Provided are a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device: wherein, in Formula 1 and Formula 2, the substituents may be understood by referring to the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are crystalline salts of Compound I, methods of preparing them, and related pharmaceutical preparations thereof. Also disclosed are methods of treatment using the crystalline salts of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of lofexidine of formula (I) and the hydrochloride salt thereof (II), from ethyl 2-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propionate (III) and ethylenediamine in the presence of tetravalent titanium alkoxides, preferably titanium isopropoxide, in an apolar solvent such as toluene. A further object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the intermediate ethyl 2-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propionate (III) from 2,6-dichlorophenol and ethyl 2-chloropropionate in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent and an alkali or alkaline earth carbonate salt, preferably potassium carbonate. Both processes are more cost-effective and more easily industrially scalable than the known procedures, thus enabling the active ingredient to be obtained with high yields at a limited cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound, a medicament, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating inflammation induced autoimmune skin diseases, for example psoriasis. The compound is Nib1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, a solvate of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a crystal form thereof. the compound Nib1 has a chemical formula of C28H29F2N3O. It represents a new treatment mechanism and can effectively treat inflammation induced autoimmune skin diseases, for example, non-specific dermatitis such as psoriasis, with less side effects and convenient route of administration, achieving a balance between safety and effectiveness. The compounds can be used for a long time and improve the quality of life of patients.

Abstract: Therapeutics targeting the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, including its proteases arginine gingipain A and arginine gingipain B, are disclosed, as well as the use thereof for the treatment of disorders associated with P. gingivalis infection, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I, Formula Ia, and Formula Ib, as described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of Formula (1): and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for using the same to treat parasitic diseases.

Abstract: A compound represented by Chemical formula 1: wherein n is an integer of 2 or more, is provided. Also provided is a derivatization reagent for derivatizing a diene-containing compound, including a compound represented by Chemical formula 1. Further provided is a synthesis method for a compound, including a nucleophilic substitution reaction between an aryl halide and a heterocyclic amine compound being saturated, the compound being represented by Chemical formula 1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to compounds which bind to the NR1H4 receptor (FXR) and act as agonists of FXR. The disclosure further relates to the use of the compounds for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions through binding of said nuclear receptor by said compounds and to a process for the synthesis of said compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel small molecules of Formulas I, II, III, Ilia, Illb, and IV and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as the preparation and the use thereof.

Abstract: Substituted nitrobenzothiazinones (BTZs) are potent antituberculosis prodrugs that are reductively activated to produce nitroso moieties that form covalent adducts with a cysteine residue of decaprenylphospholyl-?-D-ribose-2?-oxi-dase (DprE1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The resulting cell wall synthesis inhibition is lethal to Mtb, leading to consideration of development of BTZs for clinical use. The hydride-induced reduction of the nitroaromatic proceeds by reversible formation of the corresponding Meisenheimer complex. Herein we demonstrate that chemical reduction of BTZ043 with NaBD4 followed by reoxidation incorporates deuterium into the core nitro aromatic warhead. Subsequent reduction of the deuterated species is not affected, but, as expected, reoxidation is slowed by the deuterium isotope effect, thus prolonging the lifetime of the active nitroso oxidation state.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for fluoroalkylation of enamines with a fluoro alkyl halide in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A process for the carbonylation of epoxides in the presence of catalyst systems, wherein the carbonylation takes place in the presence of carbon monoxide, and wherein the catalyst system contains a molybdenum-based compound. Carbonylation products as well as carbonylation derivatives and to the use of the claimed catalyst systems for the carbonylation of epoxides are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) including a) a step of converting a carbohydrate into HMF, the converting step including providing a reaction medium including carbohydrate, catalyst, water, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and salt to form a biphasic solvent system including an aqueous phase and a THF phase and b) a step of separating the THF phase and the aqueous phase, to provide a separate THF phase and a separate aqueous phase, wherein an organic quaternary ammonium salt is present. The process results in a high conversion of carbohydrate and in the formation of HMF in high selectivity with low formation of side products, together with an efficient extraction of HMF into the THF phase.