Abstract: A method for optimising an energy-absorbing strap includes the steps of: (1) producing a single metal sheet, including a first connecting portion, for connecting to one of a support bracket and a fixed part of a vehicle, and a second connecting portion, for connecting to the other of the support bracket and the fixed part of the vehicle; and (2) producing a weakening in the single metal sheet to separate the first connecting portion from a tearable portion; bending a portion of the single metal sheet to produce a bent portion that interconnects the second connecting portion and the tearable portion, the second portion being bent back around in relation to the tearable portion; wherein the steps are selected to produce a desired energy-absorbance profile.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device for determining the angular position of a shaft of a motor vehicle, the device including a printed circuit board and a magnetic guide including at least two fastening tabs for fastening to the printed circuit board, the printed circuit board including a base substrate and at least two fastening areas for fastening the magnetic guide, each designed to receive a fastening tab of the magnetic guide, the fastening tab defining a fastening orifice. Each fastening area is defined on the base substrate of the printed circuit board and includes a pad fastened to the base substrate. Each fastening tab is joined to the pad of the corresponding fastening area by way of an adhesive that is applied in its fastening orifice.

Abstract: A steering control system includes a central processing unit. The central processing unit calculates a plurality of types of axial forces acting on the turning shaft based on a state quantity. The central processing unit calculates a distributed axial force which is used to calculate the command value by summing the plurality of types of axial forces at predetermined distribution proportions. The central processing unit calculates the axial forces to have hysteresis with change of the state quantity. The hysteresis of each axial force is adjusted to approach hysteresis of one specific axial force out of the plurality of types of axial forces.

Abstract: A controller may have a plurality of self-diagnostic functions, each of which is configured for checking a function of an assigned hardware component of the controller. Each of the self-diagnostic functions may have at least one safety limit value, which is configured such that when the at least one safety limit value is exceeded the corresponding hardware component is switched off. Each of the self-diagnostic functions may have at least one quality limit value, the absolute value of which is smaller than an absolute value of the at least one safety limit value. The at least one quality limit value can be configured such that a quality-relevant state can be detected in the assigned hardware component when the at least one quality limit value is exceeded.

Abstract: An improved power steering assembly is provided. The power steering assembly includes an end-of-travel mechanism and a valve cartridge that is actuated by left and right actuator rings of the end-of-travel mechanism, the actuator rings extending partially around an output shaft. The actuator rings can be individually set for the desired end-of-travel relief to limit the maximum system pressure when the steering assembly approaches the desired axle stop setting. The valve cartridge provides an end-of-travel function and a pressure relief function and is in fluid communication with the left and right pressure chambers to recirculate hydraulic fluid in the event of a power off condition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling a steering assist system of a vehicle. Based on a signal indicative of a road characteristics of a road segment, a flow of fluid supplied by a fluid pump is controlled to generate a steering assist force to a wheel of the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a steering axle assembly. In one example, a system may include a tapered pin coupled to a steering knuckle and to an axle beam end. A set of bushings may circumferentially surround the tapered pin and enable rotation of the steering knuckle around the tapered pin without lubricant.

Abstract: A corresponding vehicle includes two steerable axles VA1 and HA1 each with an angle sensor, wherein a rear axle HA1 in an all-wheel mode is synchronously steered with the front axle VA1 in the opposite direction, this being designated as a 4×4 steering system. The vehicle further includes a control device for setting the steering angle of the axles based on the data provided by angle sensors.

Abstract: A steerable vehicle suspension can include an axle, at least one retractor having a length that decreases in response to a pressure increase applied to the retractor, and at least one wheel spindle. Resistance to rotation of the wheel spindle relative to the axle increases in response to the pressure increase applied to the retractor. A method of operating a steerable vehicle suspension of a vehicle can include allowing steering knuckles rotatably mounted at opposite ends of an axle to rotate relative to the axle while the vehicle moves forward, and applying an inwardly directed force simultaneously to each of the steering knuckles. Another steerable vehicle suspension can include two rotatably mounted steering knuckles, and two retractors connected to the steering knuckles. An inwardly directed force is applied by each retractor to a respective one of the steering knuckles in response to pressure applied to the retractors.

Abstract: A trailer assembly includes first and second axles supporting first and second wheels which are coupled to first and second actuators of a steering system. The steering system includes a control circuit connected to the actuators and the control circuit includes a driving device configurable in a low speed maneuvering mode with: a synchronized sub-mode in which the actuators can be actuated in a synchronized manner to steer the wheels in a synchronized manner, and a desynchronized sub-mode in which the first and second actuators can be actuated individually and independently to steer only the first wheels or only the second wheels. A control device is connected to the driving device to: select one of the sub-modes in the low speed maneuvering mode, and select an actuation either of the first actuator or of the second actuator, in the desynchronized sub-mode.

Abstract: This control device is provided with a detection unit that detects a steering angle of a vehicle, a determination unit that determines whether or not the vehicle is moving straight ahead, and an updating unit that, on the basis of the steering angle detected by the detection unit and the determination result in the determination unit, updates play section information indicating an angle range of steering angles corresponding to a play section of the steering of the vehicle. When the vehicle is determined to be moving straight ahead by the determination unit and the steering angle detected by the detection unit is beyond the angle range of steering angles indicating the play section at the current point in time, the updating unit updates the angle range so that the detected steering angle is included in the angle range.

Abstract: A suspension system for a vehicle is disclosed. In some embodiments, the suspension system includes a wheel arch. In some embodiments, a wheel arch includes a gear track. In some embodiments, a wheel axle is coupled to a first and a second end of the wheel arch. In some embodiments, a steradian shaped wheel is mounted on the wheel axle. In some embodiments, a motor frame is coupled to a chassis of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the motor frame includes a lean motor configured to engage with the gear track. In some embodiments, actuation of the lean motor causes the wheel arch to rotate along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle to create a change in a camber angle of the wheel.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes an engine cradle and an impact receiving structure. A forward end of the first side portion and a first lateral end of a front portion of the engine cradle are fixedly attached to one another. The first side portion has a rearward section and a forward section, the rearward section being horizontally oriented and the forward section extending upward and forward from the rearward section defining an acute angle therebetween, the acute angle being between 30 and 35 degrees. The impact receiving structure is installed to the first side portion of the engine cradle proximate an intersection between the first side portion and the front member. A lower surface of the impact receiving structure extends downward along the forward section of the first side portion further defining the acute angle of the forward section of the first side portion of the engine cradle.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a unitary body side structural frame for a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a plurality of blanks, joining the blanks to each other to form a composite blank wherein joining the blanks includes forming one or more overlapping regions formed by partially overlapping two blanks and deforming the composite blank to form the unitary body side structural frame. A unitary body side structural frame as obtained by any of the methods herein described is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elongate steel structure (10) for a vehicle comprising:—first steel sheet element (11), and a second steel sheet element (12), said first and second steel sheet elements constituting opposite ends of the elongate steel structure and said first and second steel sheet elements overlapping each other in a mid-portion of said elongate steel structure, wherein the first and the second steel sheet elements have an overlapping hat profile including a central portion (17), two webs (18), and two flanges (19), wherein at least one of the first and second steel sheet elements include cut-outs (13) along the flanges (19) such that the overlap is interrupted along said flanges (19).

Abstract: An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a front pillar outer that is inexpensive, lightweight and strong. A front pillar outer includes a glass-face-side flange part, a door-side flange part, and a main body part that connects the glass-face-side flange part and the door-side flange part to each other. In a partial area of the door-side flange part in a longitudinal direction thereof, a first plate part that is connected to a side edge of the door-side flange part is folded so that the first plate part is overlaid on the door-side flange part. In a partial area of the glass-face-side flange part in a longitudinal direction thereof, a second plate part that is connected to a side edge of the glass-face-side flange part is folded so that the second plate part is overlaid on the glass-face-side flange part.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure includes: a supported frame disposed frontward or rearward of a vehicle cabin along a longitudinal direction of a vehicle; a support frame disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the vehicle cabin along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and configured to support an end portion of the supported frame closer to the vehicle cabin; a stiffener disposed in the support frame along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and configured to form a closed cross-section with the support frame; and a bulkhead disposed in the support frame, adjacent to a portion of the stiffener closer to the supported frame, and facing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. An upper edge portion of the bulkhead is integrally formed as a single piece with an end portion of the stiffener closer to the supported frame.

Abstract: A welded steel part obtained by welding a first sheet with a second sheet, at least one with a coating of aluminum alloy. The welding uses a welding wire which, after melting and cooling, constitutes a weld bead connecting the first sheet to the second sheet and being part of said welded steel part. The respective peripheral edge of the first and second sheets are in a joggled edge type configuration in which the peripheral edge of the first sheet is arranged above, and on or near the upper face of an end portion of the peripheral edge of the second sheet which is extended by an inclined junction portion, at least one part of the upper face of the inclined junction portion delimits at least laterally with the edge of the peripheral edge of the first sheet a groove receiving the weld bead, the inclined joining portion extending by a welding portion in longitudinal continuity with the peripheral edge of the first sheet.

Abstract: A vehicle cargo structure includes a reinforcement panel, an upright strut member having an upper end, a front wall structure having an attachment bracket fixed to an outboard upper end of the front wall structure and a bracket. The bracket is fixedly attached to a forward portion of the reinforcement panel and the upper end of the upright strut member. The bracket is further secured to the attachment bracket of the front wall structure via mechanical fasteners.

Abstract: A tailgate assembly includes, among other things, a frame sub-assembly that includes a driver side section, a passenger side section, and a sill coupling the driver side section to the passenger side section. A door sub-assembly is disposed between the driver side section and the passenger side section. The door sub-assembly and the frame sub-assembly are pivotable together about a first axis between a tailgate closed position and a tailgate open position. The door sub-assembly is pivotable relative to the frame sub-assembly about a first door axis between a door closed position and a door open position. The door sub-assembly is pivotable relative to the frame sub-assembly about a second door axis that is different than the first door axis.

Abstract: An illustrative folding tailgate for an automotive vehicle includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion that are rotatably connected to one another. A first latch may be attached to the first wall portion and configured to engage with a complementary latch part at a first portion of a vehicle to lock the tailgate in a closed position. A guide member may be attached to the first wall portion and configured to move along a rail disposed at a rear of the automotive vehicle, the guide member configured to move along the rail in a manner constrained by the rail. A rotatable connection mechanism may be attached to the second wall portion and configured to attach to a second portion of a vehicle. The tailgate may be configured to open and close via folding movement of the first and second wall portions relative to one another.

Abstract: A container including a first panel with a first edge having a first protrusion with a first contoured profile with at least one projection, a second panel with a second edge having a second protrusion with a second contoured profile with at least one projection, and a spline with a first channel that defines a recess with an interior profile, and a second channel separate from the first channel that defines a recess with an interior profile. The first and second channels receive the first and second protrusions, respectively, such that the first contoured profile is complementary to a portion of the interior profile and the second contoured profile is complementary to a portion of the interior profile. The first and second panel include a mid-section extending from the first and second edges, respectively. The first and second edges have a greater thickness than the thickness of the mid-sections.

Abstract: The technology relates to autonomous vehicles having hitched or towed trailers for transporting cargo and other items between locations. Aspects of the technology provide a smart hitch connection between the fifth-wheel of a tractor unit and the kingpin of a trailer. This avoids requiring a person to make physical pneumatic and electrical connections between the fifth-wheel and kingpin using external hoses and cables. Instead, the necessary connections are made internally, autonomously. For instance, the fifth-wheel may provide air pressure via one or more slots arranged on a connection surface, and the trailer is configured to receive the air pressure through one or more openings on a contact surface of the kingpin. An electrical connection section of the fifth-wheel may also provide electrical signals and/or power to an electrical contact interface of the kingpin. Rotational information about relative alignment of the trailer to the tractor unit may also be provided.

Abstract: A work machine may include an drive frame, a drivable track coupled to the drive frame, an idler wheel coupled to the drive frame to facilitate movement of the drivable track, and a wheel weight coupleable to the idler wheel. The wheel weight may be coupled to the idler wheel without removing the idler wheel from the drive frame.

Abstract: There is disclosed a track assembly having a frame; an endless track engaged with a track wheel system, the track wheel system having a track driving wheel and at least another wheel. An axle engaging device is rotatably mounted to the frame and is securable to a driven axle of a vehicle. An axis of rotation of the axle engaging device is spaced apart from a ground contacting area of the endless track by a distance taken along an axis perpendicular to the ground contacting area. A mechanism drivingly engages the axle engaging device to the track driving wheel. The mechanism defines a speed ratio defined as a rotational speed of the track driving wheel over a rotational speed of the axle engaging device. The distance is greater than a product of the speed ratio by a radius of the track driving wheel.

Abstract: A trailer includes a housing including an internal frame and an external frame. The external frame is coupled to the internal frame. In certain embodiments, the internal frame is positioned between interior panels and exterior panels of the housing. In certain embodiments, the external frame is spaced from exterior panels.

Abstract: A vehicle body assembly system each forming a pre-buck section and a main-buck section set along a transport path of the floor assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a pre-buck unit configured in the pre-buck section to regulate the seal side and the front and rear sides of side assemblies that are different for each vehicle type, and to assemble the side assembly and the floor assembly, and a main-buck unit configured in the main-buck section to regulates the roof portion and the quarter portion of the side assembly assembled to the floor assembly in the pre-buck section, assemble the roof portion, cowl, roof rail and package tray and assemble the quarter portion and the floor assembly.

Abstract: An electric power generator is provided for a human-powered vehicle. The electric power generator includes an axle, a stator, a rotor and a first electrical cable. The axle has a first axial end, and a second axial end. The stator has a first axial stator-end that faces the first axial end of the axle with respect to the rotational center axis and a second axial stator-end that faces the second axial end of the axle with respect to the rotational center axis. The rotor is rotatably mounted on the axle to rotate around a rotational center axis of the electric power generator. The first electrical cable is electrically connected to the stator on the first axial stator-end of the stator. The first electrical cable extends axially through the stator toward the second axial stator-end of the stator with respect to the rotational center axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an accessory mounting system. The accessory mounting system can be used to mount an accessory to a vehicle. The accessory mounting system includes a base assembly and an accessory assembly. The base assembly can be fixedly positionable on the vehicle about a first axis, the base assembly including a first locking member and a base assembly second member. The accessory assembly can be removably securable to the base assembly. The accessory assembly can include a second locking member that selectively engages the first locking member. The accessory assembly can be rotatable about the first axis relative to the base member. The accessory mounting system can further include a charger that receives the accessory assembly. The charger can include a charge receiver engager that electrically engages the charge receiver, and electrically disengages from the charge receiver.

Abstract: A pump-action mobility and exercise device may include a pumping arm attached to a foot slide. As the pumping arm is actuated, the foot slide moves forward and rearward in response to the pumping action. The foot slide can also be moved by a user's foot movement. The foot slide may be connected to a drive mechanism that selectively engages a chain or belt that loops around a drive wheel arranged on an axle of the vehicle. When the drive mechanism catches and moves the belt or chain in a forward direction, the axle rotates in a forward direction to drive the vehicle forward. A reverse mechanism may also be provided that selectively causes the drive mechanism to catch and drive the belt or chain in an opposite direction.

Abstract: A representative system includes a personal transportation device with: first and second wheels aligned along an axis; an idler wheel rearward of the axis; a platform configured to support a user in a standing position; electric motors to drive the first and second wheels; first and second hand grips fixed in position at respective locations forward of the platform; and first and second control actuators disposed, respectively, on the first and second hand grips, the first and second control actuators being operative to control rotations of the first and second wheels and configured to be actuated by corresponding thumbs of the user while hands of the user are grasping corresponding ones of the first hand grip and the second hand grip.

Abstract: A saddle-type vehicle includes an engine, an engine control device, a battery, a vehicle body frame, and a pair of rear wheels. The vehicle body frame includes a pair of seat support frames supporting a seat. The battery is disposed below the seat and between the pair of seat support frames in a vehicle width direction. The engine control device is disposed between a seat support frame of the pair of seat support frames and a rear wheel of the pair of rear wheels. The seat support frame is located on one side in the vehicle width direction, and the rear wheel is located on the one side. At least a part of the engine control device overlaps the rear wheel located on the one side when viewed from the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: Example bicycle disc brake rotors are described herein. An example disc brake rotor described herein includes a core having a brake surface core portion and a single-piece brake track coupled to the brake surface core portion. The brake track is constructed of stainless steel. The brake track includes a first track on a first side of the brake surface core portion, a second track on a second side of the brake surface core portion, and a connecting portion extending over a peripheral edge of the brake surface core portion between the first and second tracks.

Abstract: A bicycle drive unit includes a motor, a second electronic controller and a communication circuit. The motor is configured to assist in propulsion of a bicycle. The second electronic controller controls the motor. The communication circuit is configured to communicate with an operation device that operates a bicycle electric component. The second electronic controller is operable in a third state, in which the motor is drivable, and a fourth state, which consumes less power than the third state and does not drive the motor. The second electronic controller is configured to switch an operation state from the fourth state to the third state upon the communication circuit receiving an input signal while the second electronic controller is operated in the fourth state.

Abstract: A bicycle has a bicycle body, a bicycle component, and a battery. The bicycle body has a frame including a down tube, a component mounting portion, and a seat tube. The bicycle component includes a bicycle drive unit. At least a portion of the bicycle component is arranged inside the frame. The battery is mounted on the bicycle to supply the bicycle component with electrical power. The frame further includes a first open portion that is provided on the component mounting portion and opens toward an upper side of the bicycle. At least a portion of the bicycle drive unit is disposed inside the frame and is exposed through the first open portion.

Abstract: A multi-sprocket arrangement for a bicycle includes a larger sprocket having a passage recess on an outer link plate passage tooth on an outboard side of the larger sprocket facing a smaller sprocket. The recess is on a side of the larger sprocket facing the smaller sprocket. The passage recess extends from a radially outer tooth tip of the outer link plate passage tooth to a non-load tooth flank of the outer link plate passage tooth or a tooth base directly adjacent to the outer link plate passage tooth such that during a gear shifting of a chain from a larger sprocket to a directly adjacent smaller sprocket, the chain passes the outer link plate passage tooth on the outboard side of the sprocket.

Abstract: A passive generator system for a marine vessel using an intake manifold having an opening at the bottom of the hull of the vessel. The intake manifold tapers to a point at the rear of the opening and extends upward to an intake funnel that reduces down to a conduit. The conduit has a first portion angled relative to the opening which joins to a second portion at an elbow. The second portion of the conduit extends horizontally to a rear of the vessel, to a conduit exit where water can exit the conduit. An impeller is location in the first portion of the conduit that drives a generator through a shaft between the impeller and the generator, the shaft passing through a top of the first portion of the conduit.

Abstract: An apparatus including a controllable fluid-contacting surface is provided. In another aspect, the present apparatus includes a flexible membrane and multiple actuators each having an output shaft or activation member coupled to a water-contacting membrane, with the shafts extending in a direction offset from the nominal outer surface of the membrane. A further aspect of the present apparatus includes an underwater vessel including a propulsion source, a flexible membrane having a water-contacting outer surface and an electronic controller including programmable software for actuating the actuators.

Abstract: A tackle storage and organization system for a boat, such as a bass boat, is disclosed. A set of supports is installed in a deck compartment of the boat. The supports may be rails installed specifically for the tackle storage and organization system, or they may be the upper edges of existing partitions for subcompartments within the deck compartment. A box or tray is installed on the supports so as to be slideable horizontally along the supports, but is also removable from the supports. The box or tray may be subdivided into any number of compartments, and in some cases, the dividers used may be removable and repositionable in order to adapt to different types of items. The box or tray may have engaging structure to mount a number of accessories, including a spool accessory.

Abstract: In one implementation, an accessory mount system for a watersport tow boat includes a boat mount that is configured to be attached to a boat mounting surface that is adjacent to or part of a swim platform that extends from a rear of the watersport tow boat. The accessory mount system can further include an accessory arm that includes a first end and a second end, where the first end is configured to be fixedly attached to the accessory arm mounting surface of the boat mount and the second end is configured to be positioned above a top surface of the swim platform when the accessory arm is attached to the watersport tow boat via the boat mount. The accessory mount system can further include an accessory adapter positioned at the second end of the accessory arm.

Abstract: A mooring latch includes a passive foundation portion and a latching portion. The latching portion includes a mechanism, a conical surface shaped to mate with a conical surface of the passive portion, a connector for connection to a mooring structure and permitting rotation about a horizontal axis. The mechanism has a latched configuration that mates the conical surfaces and permits rotations about a shared vertical axis of the conical surfaces. A mooring line threaded through the passive and latching portions and equipped with one or more stops may be used to guide the latching portion to or from the passive portion and to actuate latching or unlatching or the mooring latch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for transferring a plurality of cargo units, each cargo unit having a cavity therein, providing a lifter suspended in free floating form by a crane, the lifter having a frame and at least one lifting arm which is detachably connected to the frame wherein the frame has at least one lifting connector for detachably connecting the lifter to the crane; moving the lifter to a position immediately adjacent the plurality of cargo units; causing each free end of the at least one lifting arm to penetrate at least one cavity of one of the plurality of cargo units; raising the at least one of the plurality of cargo units to an elevated position; moving the lifter and the at least one raised cargo unit to a second position laterally spaced from the original position wherein each free end of the at least one lifting arm is elevated compared to each second end of the at least one lifting arm; and depositing the raised cargo unit at the second position.

Abstract: A small planing watercraft with an imaging device includes: the imaging device incorporated in the small planing watercraft, and capturing an image of surroundings of the small planing watercraft; and a display device incorporated in the small planing watercraft at a location where the display device is recognizable by an operator of the small planing watercraft, and displaying the image of surroundings captured by the imaging device.

Abstract: A personal watercraft includes a watercraft body including a deck. The deck includes a side-opening storage recessed inward to accommodate items. The side-opening storage has an opening facing outward in a width direction of the watercraft body.

Abstract: A hull assembly for a pontoon boat includes a hull extending in a longitudinal direction between a front end and a rear end. A first thruster assembly is attached to a first lateral side of the hull. A second thruster assembly is attached to a second lateral side of the hull. The first and second thruster assemblies include respective thrust units that are each movable between a deployed position and a stowed position.

Abstract: An apparatus that facilitates search and rescue, for example, in open water. The apparatus comprises a substrate with a particular geometry and a perimeter. The apparatus further comprises a cover positioned atop the substrate with the cover also having a particular geometry and perimeter, which correspond to the geometry and perimeter of the substrate. An air-tight seal seals the substrate perimeter to the cover perimeter and creates a sealed internal region. A breakable vessel holding an activator is located in the sealed internal region, along with illuminable dyes that are also located in the sealed internal region. When the breakable vessel is broken, the activator reacts with the illuminable dyes and illuminates the illuminable dyes.

Abstract: A propeller apparatus of a ship propulsion machine includes a tubular member inserted into an insertion hole so as to be movable in a circumferential direction with respect to a hub. First concave portions arranged in a circumferential direction are formed in an outer peripheral surface of the tubular member. Second concave portions arranged in the circumferential direction so as to respectively face the first concave portions are formed in an inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole. Each of the elastic bodies has a spherical or columnar shape, a first portion of each of the elastic bodies is disposed in each of the first concave portions, a second portion of each of the elastic bodies is disposed in each of the second concave portions, and the elastic bodies are rotatably held between the first concave portions and the second concave portions facing each other.

Abstract: A nestable wing sail having two or more sections. Where one section is configured to nest inside the first section, and can move out of the first section to extend the effective sail area of the wing sail.

Abstract: A ship speed control device is provided, which includes a calculator and a throttle command value setter. The calculator calculates a throttle calculation value based on a difference between an actual ship speed and a target ship speed. The throttle command value setter sets, when the actual ship speed is below a first threshold determined based on a given throttle upper limit and the throttle calculation value is at or above the throttle upper limit, a throttle command value to the throttle upper limit.

Abstract: A connector for connecting a frame to a transversely extending stringer of a fuselage structure of an aircraft includes a base carrier extending in a longitudinal connector direction, a first connecting portion connected to the base carrier and extending in a first transverse connector direction, the first connecting portion having a coupling structure in an end region remote from the base carrier for engaging around an end region of a cross-section of the stringer, and a second connecting portion connected to the base carrier and adapted to be connected to the frame.