Abstract: A light projector (2; 102) for an augmented reality headset is disclosed. The light projector includes an image generator (4; 104) configured to provide an image with unpolarised light and a beam splitter (6; 106) configured to receive unpolarised light from the image generator and to split it into a first path and a second path. A first optical arrangement is configured to receive light from the beam splitter in the first path so that light is reflected, focused and directed back towards the beam splitter. A second optical arrangement configured to receive light from the beam splitter in the second path so that light is reflected, focused and directed back towards the beam splitter, wherein the first and second optical arrangements comprise first and second mirrors (12, 22; 112, 122) respectively.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a plurality of grating layers, the plurality of grating layers characterized by two or more different base refractive indices and including a set of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs). Each VBG of the set of VBGs is configured to diffract display light in a different respective field-of-view (FOV) and wavelength range. The set of VBGs includes a plurality of groups of VBGs. VBGs in each respective group of the plurality of groups of VBGs are characterized by a same grating period and include at least one VBG in each grating layer of the plurality of grating layers.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that display configured to transmit a signal that includes a first light configured as a display image and a second light configured as a reference image. The system also includes a beam splitter, a selectively transmissive mirror and a sensor configured to detect the second light. The beam splitter is configured to receive the signal from the display and reflect the signal to the selectively transmissive mirror. The selectively transmissive mirror is configured to receive the reflected signal, transmit the second light toward a sensor, and reflect the first light, wherein the first light is configured with a first bandwidth, wherein the second light is configured with a second bandwidth. The system further includes a corrector lens configured to receive the first light and transmit the first light to an exit pupil.

Abstract: A head mounted display system can include a camera, at least one waveguide, at least one coupling optical element that is configured such that light is coupled into said waveguide and guided therein, and at least one out-coupling element. The at least one out-coupling element can be configured to couple light that is guided within said waveguide out of said waveguide and direct said light to said camera. The at least one coupling element may comprise a diffractive optical element having optical power.

Abstract: A depth camera assembly for depth sensing of a local area includes an illumination source, an imaging device, and a controller. The illumination source illuminates a local area with light emitted in accordance with emission instructions generated by the controller. The illumination source includes an array of optical sources and an optical assembly. Operation of each optical source in the array is controllable based in part on the emission instructions. The optical assembly is configured to project the light into the local area. The imaging device captures one or more images of at least a portion of the light reflected from one or more objects in the local area. The controller determines depth information for the one or more objects based in part on the captured one or more images.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus, and/or device that may include a first optic located a first distance from an optical receiver, the first optic being adapted to: receive environment content from a location in front of the first optic relative to the optical receiver; and alter a focal vergence of the environment content. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include a display located a second distance from the optical receiver, the display being is adapted to: receive the environment content from the first optic; and deliver the environment content and display content to a second optic. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include the second optic located a third distance from the optical receiver, the second optic being is adapted to: receive the environment content and the display content from the display; alter the focal vergence of the environment content; and alter a focal vergence of the display content.

Abstract: A head-mountable device can provide convertible components that selectively engage the face of the user to exclude light from an external environment or open to provide a direct view to the external environment. A head-mountable device can include a light seal element that includes peripheral portions that transition between extended and collapsed configurations while the head-mountable device is worn by a user. Such peripheral portions can also transition between configurations to facilitate compact storage of the head-mountable device.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light-transmitting substrate having at least two parallel major surfaces, edges and an output aperture, an optical element for coupling light waves into the substrate to effect total internal reflection, a plurality of redirecting elements positioned outside of the substrate comprising at least two spaced-apart redirecting elements having a selectable laterally displaceable reflection-transmission ratio, and at least one reflecting surface having at least one active side located between the two major surfaces of the light-transmitting substrate for coupling light waves out of the substrate, wherein light waves trapped inside the substrate are coupled out from the substrate through the output aperture substantially inclined in relation to the normal to the substrate major surfaces, and are reflected from the redirecting elements into a viewer's eye, and wherein at least one of the redirecting elements is lateral displaceable in relation to another redirecting el

Abstract: A rugged integrated helmet vision system is disclosed. The system includes an accessory connector for connecting an accessory such as a heads-up display (HUD) device to a helmet worn by a user. The accessory connector includes a connector arm assembly with a portion that attaches the connector to the helmet, and another portion that attaches the accessory to the connector. The portions each provide multiple degrees of freedom of movement to allow adjustment of the connector with respect to the helmet, and adjustment of the accessory with respect to an eye of the user. The connector also provides the ability to lock positions of and the degrees of freedom of movement of the connector arm assembly via a single locking actuator with one-handed operation. In embodiments, a control box computer system at the helmet communicates with various soldier-portable networks to send and receive information for display by a HUD device accessory.

Abstract: A head-mounted device includes a device housing and a facial interface. The facial interface has an upper portion and a lower portion. A headband is connected to a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the device housing and extends around a head of a user to support the device housing with respect to the user. The headband is configured to apply a moment to the device housing in a direction that urges the upper portion of the facial interface toward a head of user so that a first loading that is applied to the head of the user by the upper portion of the facial interface is higher than a second loading that is applied to the head of the user by the lower portion of the facial interface.

Abstract: A head-mountable device can include a light seal element with adjustable opacity. In various configurations of the light seal element, the opacity there through can be adjusted to control an amount of light and/or airflow from an external environment. For example a cover or combination of overlapping covers can be adjusted to selectively exclude light from an external environment or provide a direct view to the external environment. Transitions can be achieved while the head-mountable device is worn by a user.

Abstract: An active heads up display system includes a driver monitoring system, a gateway circuit, and a heads up display. The driver monitoring system tracks a gaze direction of a user, calculates track values in response to a field of view of the user based on the gaze direction, and transmits the track values on a first bus. The gateway circuit receives the track values from the first bus, translates the track values to command values, and transmits the command values on a second bus. The heads up display receives the command values from the second bus, generates a graphical presentation viewable by the user, projects the graphical presentation at a current position in front of the user, and adjusts the current position to an updated position centered within the field of view of the user in response to the command values.

Abstract: An optical subsystem of a near-eye display system provides for projecting light of a virtual image of image content to an eye location, and provides for collecting light of the virtual image onto an exit pupil on a surface proximate to an outer surface of an eye when at the eye location. A subpupil modulator within an aperture in cooperation with the optical subsystem provides for forming a plurality of subpupils within the exit pupil, at least two of which overlap by at least 20 percent, and provides for less than all of the light of the virtual image associated with one or more less than all of the plurality of subpupils to be projected to the eye location.

Abstract: The systems and methods discussed herein are for the fabrication of diffraction gratings, such as those gratings used in waveguide combiners. The waveguide combiners discussed herein are fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) of high-index and low-index materials in combination with and directional etching high-index and low-index materials. The waveguide combiners can be additionally or alternatively formed by the directional etching of transparent substrates. The waveguide combiners that include diffraction gratings discussed herein can be formed directly on permanent transparent substrates. In other examples, the diffraction gratings can be formed on temporary substrates and transferred to a permanent, transparent substrate.

Abstract: Systems, devices, apparatuses and methods for formation of multiple separate light spots with adjustable intensity due to lossless redistribution of the light energy between the separate spots, and with a variable geometry of the multi-spot pattern; advantageously, for laser processing of materials by focusing the laser radiation on a workpiece. The multi-spot pattern is created due to angular polarization splitting of the light beam into several beamlets using a beam splitter and further focusing these beamlets onto a workpiece by a focusing optical system, advantageously by the scanning focusing optics. The beam splitter can include optical birefringent prisms, prism groups and waveplates capable to operate simultaneously at two different wavelengths. Some of these optical elements are rotatable, and their rotations are used for lossless redistribution of light energy between the spots and for a change in the geometric shape of the multi-spot patterns.

Abstract: Multi-wavelength light is directed to an optic including a substrate and achromatic metasurface optical components deposited on a surface of the substrate. The achromatic metasurface optical components comprise a pattern of dielectric resonators. The dielectric resonators have nonperiodic gap distances between adjacent dielectric resonators; and each dielectric resonator has a width, w, that is distinct from the width of other dielectric resonators. A plurality of wavelengths of interest selected from the wavelengths of the multi-wavelength light are deflected with the achromatic metasurface optical components at a shared angle or to or from a focal point at a shared focal length.

Abstract: A periodic optimization method for a diffractive optical element includes converting coordinates of individual target spots of a target spot array into angular spectrum coordinates, selecting an initial period, calculating diffraction orders of individual target spots, rounding the diffraction order, calculating the coordinates of actual projection spots by using the rounded diffraction orders, calculating evaluation indicator of period optimization, adjusting the period, and repeating the steps, and comparing the evaluation indicators to determine an optimal period for the diffractive optical element. With the periodic optimization method, an actual spot array is made to match a target spot array to the greatest possible extent with a small amount of calculations, thereby improving the design quality and accuracy of a diffractive optical element.

Abstract: A super-resolution microscope avoids the need for complex phase plate optics normally used to produce a doughnut-shaped depletion beam by employing low-intensity regions of common diffraction patterns such as an Airy disk.

Abstract: A camera module includes: a housing in which a lens module is accommodated; and a shake correction portion including first and second movable yokes mounted on the lens module and first and second coil portions disposed to oppose the first and second movable yokes, respectively. The first coil portion is configured to attract the first movable yoke in response to power being applied to the first coil portion. The second coil portion is configured to attract the second movable yoke in response to power being applied to the second coil portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for displaying a three-dimensional (3D) image. A 3D display apparatus includes an optical layer including a plurality of optical elements, a projector configured to scan a light onto the optical layer, and a processor configured to control a timing at which the projector scans the light onto the optical layer and generate a 3D image in a viewing space based on the timing at which the light is scanned onto the optical layer.

Abstract: A space three-dimensional imaging apparatus and a space three-dimensional imaging method are provided. The space three-dimensional imaging apparatus includes a transparent display device, a rotation motor and a processor. The transparent display device has at least one display plane. The rotation motor is configured to drive the transparent display device to rotate along an axis. The processor is coupled to the transparent display device and the rotation motor, and configured to retrieve a three-dimensional virtual image, cut multiple cutting images adapted to be displayed at multiple locations of each display plane after a rotation from the three-dimensional virtual image, and calculate a current location of each display plane during the rotation according to the driving of the rotation motor to control the transparent display device to display the cutting image corresponding to the current location on each display plane.

Abstract: A photochromic ophthalmic lens may comprise a main body comprising an optical zone and a peripheral zone disposed adjacent the optical zone, wherein one or more of the optical zone and the peripheral zone comprises a photochromic dye, wherein the ophthalmic lens has a thickness profile that is configured based on cosmetic appearance associated with a target level of transmission (% T), and wherein at least a portion of the thickness profile is the same across two or more stock keeping units (SKU), each of the two or more SKU having a different target prescription.

Abstract: A wearable ophthalmic device is disclosed. The device may include a head-mounted light field display configured to generate a physical light field comprising a beam of light. The head-mounted light field display may direct the beam of light into a user's eye, thereby producing a retinal reflex. The device may also include a head-mounted photodetector array configured to receive the retinal reflex and to generate numerical image data. The device may also include a light field processor configured to control the light field display, to analyze the retinal reflex using the numerical image data, and to determine an optical prescription for the user's eye based on the analysis of the retinal reflex.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a smart wearable lens mounted with an all-solid-state thin film secondary battery including a flexible substrate, a cathode current collector, a cathode, a solid electrolyte, an anode, and an anode current collector. The smart wearable lens mounted with the all-solid-state thin film secondary battery may be stably and continuously supplied with power and has a low self-discharge rate. In addition, the smart wearable lens may minimize aversion when humans are wearing the smart wearable lens and be suitably used for a curved lens, especially a micro-lens such as a contact lens.

Abstract: A contact lens for application in practice of orthokeratology on an eye, including a curved shell having a concave surface and a convex surface. The concave surface includes a carrier zone and a back shaping zone, the back shaping zone having a first curvature and the carrier zone having at least one second curvature. The curved shell has a geometric center and the back shaping zone has a shaping zone center and the back shaping zone center is offset peripherally from the geometric center. The curved shell can have an overall diameter that approximates a corneal limbal diameter of the eye to which the contact lens is to be applied.

Abstract: An opto-electronic module is configured to fit between anterior and posterior surfaces of a contact lens. The opto-electronics module may comprise a plurality of light sources configured to direct a plurality of light beams to a region of the retina away from the fovea and in some embodiments away from the macula. Each of the plurality of light sources may comprises an LED and one or more projection optics. Each of the projection optics can be coupled to an LED with an adhesive prior to placing the opto-electronics module on a layer of contact lens material. The opto-electronics module may comprise a flex PCB with the plurality of light sources, an antenna, a battery, a capacitor and a processor supported on the flex PCB.

Abstract: An apparatus with a built-in self-test includes a sensor electrode, an impedance sensor coupled to the sensor electrode to measure a test impedance of the sensor electrode as influenced by an external load, a secondary electrode disposed adjacent to the sensor electrode to inductively couple with the sensor electrode and influence the external load on the sensor electrode, a first switch coupled to the secondary electrode to selectively change a second impedance of the secondary electrode, and a controller coupled to the impedance sensor and the first switch. The controller includes logic for adjusting the first switch to wirelessly load the sensor electrode with the secondary electrode in a predetermined impedance state, measuring the test impedance with the impedance sensor while the secondary electrode is in the predetermined impedance state, and comparing the measured test impedance against a threshold impedance range to perform a self-test.

Abstract: An active optical element includes an active material encased between a first substrate and a second substrate, first electrode(s), second electrodes employed as a ground plane, and means for applying and modulating additional impedance between an electrical ground and the second electrodes. The second electrodes divide the active optical element into segments. The first electrode(s) are driven at given voltage(s). At least one of the second electrodes corresponding to at least one of the segments is selectively connected to an electrical ground without any additional impedance, while applying and modulating the additional impedance between the electrical ground and a remainder of the plurality of second electrodes. The active material in the at least one of the plurality of segments is controlled by a potential difference generated between the given voltage(s) and the electrical ground to produce a given optical power.

Abstract: The invention relates to spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement, including by glare suppression. The spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement includes spectacles and a spectacle lens having a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control and the liquid crystal cell (LC) designed so that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states.

Abstract: Techniques for providing eyewear with electrical components are disclosed. The electrical components can provide electrical technology to eyewear without having to substantially compromise aesthetic design principles of the eyewear. The electrical components can be partially or completely internal to eyewear, such as within an extended endpiece or a removable temple (or temple part). The electrical components can also be attached to the eyewear as an after-market enhancement. The electrical components can operate independently or together with other electrical components provided elsewhere. Apparatus for presenting after-market electrical components are also disclosed.

Abstract: An in-ear device is implemented as part of an audio system to present a user with improved audio content within an artificial reality system. The in-ear device is a fully integrated device with an internal microphone, an external microphone, and a transducer in which portions of the transducer form portions of the body of the device. This integration of transducer into the body of the in-ear device reduces the size of the in-ear device and allows for placement deeper within the ear canal of the user. The transducer generates audio content based on instructions received from an audio system that may be located on a device that is external to the in-ear device. The external microphone provides hear-through functionality, while the internal microphone provides feedback information to the audio system.

Abstract: An adiabatic coupling phase modulation module has an optical substrate, an asymmetric adiabatic coupling polarization beam splitter and two electro-optical phase modulators. The asymmetric adiabatic coupling polarization beam splitter performs band spatial filtering on a quantum light source signal to output a light source signal of a specific wavelength band, and performs polarization spatial filtering on the light source signal of specific wavelength band to output a first orthogonal polarization direction light source signal of the specific wavelength band and a second orthogonal polarization direction light source signal of the specific wavelength band. The two electro-optical phase modulators respectively perform phase coding processes on the first orthogonal polarization direction light source signal and the second orthogonal polarization direction light source signal.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed. The optical device includes a silicon substrate, an aluminum oxide layer, an aluminum layer between the silicon substrate and the aluminum oxide layer, and a metasurface nanostructure. The metasurface nanostructure may include a graphene monolayer on the aluminum oxide layer and an electrically conductive nanoantenna array in direct contact with the graphene monolayer, where each nanoantenna in the nanoantenna array may include multiple segments, each segment having one or more parameters selected to achieve simultaneous resonance in the mid-infrared and the near infrared spectral regions when the graphene monolayer is irradiated with a near infrared pump pulse and a continuous mid-infrared probe. The optical device generates mid-infrared pulses via ultrafast modulation of hot carriers in the monolayer graphene.

Abstract: Optical waveguides may include a substrate and a silicon based optical waveguide supported on the substrate. The silicon based optical waveguide may include a central ridge portion and a plurality of spaced apart wing portions connected through connecting portions. The number of wing portions may be greater than two. The central ridge portion may have a central ridge lateral width extent greater than a lateral width extent of at least one of the wing portions. Optical waveguides may include a substrate, a silicon based optical waveguide supported on the substrate, and a concentrator supported on the substrate and positioned within a lateral width extent of the silicon based optical waveguide and outside of a height extent of the silicon based optical waveguide. The optical waveguides may be included as part of an optical modulator.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes a core region extending substantially along a lengthwise centerline of the optical waveguide, a first cladding region formed along a first side of the core region, and a second cladding region formed along a second side of the core region. The optical waveguide includes a first diode segment and a second diode segment that each include respective portions of the core region, the first cladding region, and the second cladding region. The second diode segment is contiguous with the first diode segment. The first diode segment forms a first diode across the optical waveguide such that a first intrinsic electric field extends across the first diode segment in a first direction, and the second diode segment forms a second diode across the optical waveguide such that a second intrinsic electric field extends across the second diode segment in a second direction opposite the first direction.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator for modulating a beam of electro-magnetic radiation having a beam path and a beam axis is of a transverse type and comprises: a modulator element that is positioned in the beam path, a housing for receiving the modulator element, which housing forms a resonant cavity, and a coupling device for inputting modulating energy into the housing such that a resonant standing wave is generated within the housing. The housing comprises at least one sidewall that extends substantially parallel to the beam axis over a length, wherein the at least one sidewall comprises a deformed portion such that in the resonant cavity a distance between the sidewall and the beam axis in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis varies over at least a portion of the length of the sidewall.

Abstract: A privacy-mode backlight includes a light guide configured to guide light having a predetermined collimation factor orthogonal to a length of the light guide and a plurality of scattering line elements arranged along the light guide length. Scattering line elements of the scattering line element plurality are configured to scatter out through an emission surface of the light guide a portion of the guided light as emitted light having an illumination beamwidth in the orthogonal direction determined by the collimation factor. The privacy-mode backlight further includes a directional optical diffuser configured to provide directional diffusion of the emitted light in a direction corresponding to the light guide length. The directional diffusion may provide uniform illumination in the light guide length direction. A privacy display further includes an array of light valves configured to modulate the emitted light to provide a private image.

Abstract: A light attenuator comprises a cell comprising a first substrate and a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate. A layer between the substrates contains an electrophoretic ink, a surface of the layer adjacent the second substrate comprising a monolayer of closely packed protrusions projecting into the layer. The protrusions have surfaces defining a plurality of depressions in the volumes there between.

Abstract: A curved optic structure includes an optic film, a polarizer and a liquid crystal compensation film. The optic film includes a light incident side and a light exit side. The optic film has a curved surface on the light exit side. The polarizer is conformally attached on the curved surface. The liquid crystal compensation film is disposed at the light exit side of the optic film. The polarizer is located between the optic film and the liquid crystal compensation film. The liquid crystal compensation film includes a liquid crystal layer and a power supply. The liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystals inside. The power supply is connected to a first side surface and an opposite second side surface of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a temperature detection element is provided on a first substrate having a pixel region, on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are provided, in a position overlapping a light shielding portion that is formed on a second substrate so as to surround the pixel region. Further, the first substrate is provided with an electrostatic protection circuit that includes a semiconductor element and is electrically coupled to the temperature detection element. The semiconductor element is disposed in a position which is farther distanced from the center of the pixel region than the temperature detection element is, and at which a temperature is lower than a temperature at a position in which the temperature detection element is provided.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a backlight source, liquid crystal panel, and color separating element substrate. The liquid crystal panel includes an adherence area with a predetermined width in a peripheral part of the transparent material substrate in the incident surface side of the backlight, and the color separating element substrate includes a step with a predetermined height, in the peripheral part of the surface opposed to the liquid crystal panel, and an upper surface of the step of the color separating element substrate and the adherence area of the transparent material substrate of the liquid crystal panel are adhered through a film therebetween.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a color filter for a display device, which has at least one color filter element for generating a predefined color in response to incident light, wherein the at least one color filter element includes a Perovskite material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight module, a liquid crystal display, and an electronic device. The backlight module includes: a backplane; at least one light source arranged on the backplane; and at least one diffractive optical element arranged above the light source, and a central axis of the diffractive optical element and a central axis of the light source are on a same straight line.

Abstract: An optical structure includes a high refractive-index layer and a low refractive-index layer laminated on the high refractive-index layer and having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive-index layer, and is disposed on a display surface of a display device. An interface between the layers has a concave-and-convex shape, and each of a concavity and a convexity in the shape has a flat portion extending in a surface direction of the layers. A side surface of the concave-and-convex shape, which extends between the flat portions of the concavity and convexity, is a curved surface or a folded surface that is convex to the low refractive-index layer. A difference between a maximum angle and a minimum angle, which are defined between the side surface of the concave-and-convex shape and a normal direction of the layers, is not less than 3 degrees and not more than 60 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed are a curved backlight module and a display device. The curved backlight module includes: an optical film and a lamp board which are oppositely provided, the distance between the optical film and the lamp board being referred to as an optical cavity height; the lamp board is provided with a plurality of lamp bars which extend in a first direction and are arranged in a second direction, a plurality of lamp beads distributed in an array are provided on each of the lamp bars, and the distribution parameters of the lamp beads on each of the lamp bars are the same; and on each of the lamp bars, there is a first distance between two adjacent lamp beads in the first direction, and there is a second distance between two adjacent lamp beads in the second direction.

Abstract: A system includes a spatial light modulator comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spatial light modulator is characterized by a first retardation and a first phase retardation and has a first slow axis for light propagation. A voltage source is configured to apply a drive voltage to the spatial light modulator and the first retardation of the spatial light modulator is a function of the drive voltage. A retarder is positioned external to the spatial light modulator and is characterized by a second retardation and a second phase retardation. The retarder includes a second slow axis for light propagation. The second retardation has a value such that all illumination wavelengths in a set of illumination wavelengths are above or below a phase retardation value of 0.25. The set of illumination wavelengths includes at least one illumination wavelength in each of at least three different color spectrums.

Abstract: A curved liquid crystal panel includes a first substrate curved in a first direction; a second substrate curved in a first direction and facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first seal that adheres the first substrate and the second substrate to each other and that seals the liquid crystal; and a second seal surrounding a periphery of the first seal. A force of the second seal that adheres the first substrate and the second substrate to each other is weaker than a force of the first seal that adheres the first substrate and the second substrate to each other.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. The light modulation device can properly maintain a cell gap by controlling the shape and arrangement of spacers and the like, and is applicable for various applications by effectively controlling omnidirectional light leakage in a black mode, while having excellent optical properties, including transmittance-variable characteristics and haze characteristics, and the like.

Abstract: A transparent display device has a first substrate, a second substrate, and a display medium disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A pixel unit of the transparent display includes a transparent region and a display region. In the display region, a first reflective material is disposed between the first substrate and the display medium, and a second reflective material is disposed between the second substrate and the display medium.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display apparatus includes a display region including a plurality of display pixels arrayed in a matrix, an array substrate including a plurality of first electrodes which are arrayed in a matrix, second electrodes which are arranged on the same layer as a layer of the first electrodes and connect the first electrodes to each. other, and third electrodes which are arrayed in a matrix on the first electrodes and the second electrodes, a countersubstrate which is arranged to face the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the array substrate and the countersubstrate.