Abstract: An electronic device may include first and second antennas formed from respective first and second segments of a housing. The first antenna may have a first feed coupled to the first segment by a first switch and coupled to the first segment by a first conductive trace. The second antenna may have a second feed coupled to the second segment by a second switch and coupled to the second segment by a second conductive trace. The first segment may be separated from the second segment by a single gap, a data connector may pass through the second segment, and the antennas may selectively cover a low band. Alternatively, the first segment may be separated from the second segment by a third segment and two gaps, the data connector may pass through the third segment, and the first and second antennas may concurrently cover the low band.

Abstract: An electronic device may include first and second antennas formed from respective first and second segments of a housing. The first antenna may have a first feed coupled to the first segment by a first switch and coupled to the first segment by a first conductive trace. The second antenna may have a second feed coupled to the second segment by a second switch and coupled to the second segment by a second conductive trace. The first segment may be separated from the second segment by a single gap, a data connector may pass through the second segment, and the antennas may selectively cover a low band. Alternatively, the first segment may be separated from the second segment by a third segment and two gaps, the data connector may pass through the third segment, and the first and second antennas may concurrently cover the low band.

Abstract: A wireless communication device is described, having an analogue-digital hybrid architecture comprising passive phase shifters. The device includes a control module configured to control means for switching the communication device, such that the device is capable of alternating between three separate modes: a first/second mode in which each passive phase shifter is integrated into a transmission/reception chain, and a third mode in which each passive phase shifter is integrated into a transmission line.

Abstract: An antenna module, comprising: a substrate; at least one first antenna array, located on the substrate, comprising at least one first antenna and having a first maximum radiation direction; and at least one second antenna array, located on the substrate, comprising at least one second antenna and having a second maximum radiation direction. A communication device using the antenna module is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cellular antenna includes at least a first array of elements arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns and at least a second array of elements arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns. The first group and the second arrays are arranged at least partially side-by side on the antenna, The elements of the first array are arranged in at least one vertical column of elements that is exclusive to elements of the first array. The elements of the second array are arranged in at least one vertical column of elements that is exclusive to elements of the second array. The antenna includes at least one separate middle vertical column of elements, between the at least one vertical column of elements that is exclusive to elements of the first array and the at least one vertical column of elements that is exclusive to elements of the second array, where the middle vertical column of elements includes some elements in the first array and some elements in the second array.

Abstract: A flat plate connector including a glass substrate, a conductive silver printing, an adhesion material for electrical connection, an insulated film, a conductive metal strip, and an additional adhesion tape. The flat connector having a dedicated cut-out, where the flat connector before mechanical and electrical bounding with the adhesion material can be fixed with a tape which, depending on its type, can also enhance pull-off resistance and ageing tests. The area is then defined as the surface where the connector adheres to the glass, including the different adhesion materials. The dedicated cut is made in the flat connector to generate a symmetric tensile stress on this adhesion area when the connector is submitted to a pull-off tensile force, the symmetry axis being defined by this pull force axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an outer-conductor contact element (2) for a right-angle plug connector (1). The right-angle plug connector (1) has a crimping portion (9) for pressing the outer-conductor contact element (2) onto an electric cable (4), said crimping portion (9) having a free end (10), which is open at the end side, for receiving the cable (4). The right-angle plug connector (1) further has a sleeve-like contact portion (12) having a free end (13), which is open at the end side, for establishing a connection with a corresponding mating plug connector, wherein an exit angle (?) is formed between a first longitudinal axis (L1) of the contact portion (12) and a second longitudinal axis (L2) of the crimping portion (9). The right-angle plug connector (1) also has a tub-shaped transition region (14) which, starting from the crimping portion (9), extends along the second longitudinal axis (L2) of the crimping portion (9) as far as the contact portion (12).

Abstract: The disclosure provides an insulation piercing connector, where two clamp bodies are arranged opposite to each other, a first clamp body comprises a conductive piercing structure, two piercing portions of the piercing structure are covered by an elastic sealing portion, and two cables are clamped between the two clamp bodies; the two clamp bodies are respectively mounted on a fastener so as to be configured such that after the fastener is fastened, the two clamp bodies have a clamping force to clamp the cables, so that the piercing portions pass through elastic sealing portions and insulation layers of the cables and then are conductively connected with conductors of the cables; and due to arrangement of the elastic sealing portions, gaps between the elastic sealing portions and the insulation layers of the cables are filled and sealed, so that ingress protection rating can reach IP-68 after mounting of the branch clamp.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure provides a connector capable of improving assemblability. A connector according to one aspect of the present disclosure is provided with a connector housing (50) including a plurality of accommodating portions (60A, 60B), a plurality of connection terminals (40A, 40B) held in the connector housing (50), and a plurality of nuts (80) respectively accommodated in the plurality of accommodating portions (60A, 60B). Each of the plurality of connection terminals (40A, 40B) includes a terminal connecting portion (42) to be connected to a mating terminal (100) by tightening a bolt (B1) into the nut (80). The plurality of terminal connecting portions (42) are provided apart from each other in an arrangement direction (Z) of the plurality of connection terminals (40A, 40B) and provided at positions not overlapping each other in a plan view from the arrangement direction (Z).

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection element for the electrical connection of a signal device to a functional module adjacent to the connection element, such as a lighting module for signaling one or more different operating states of a technical device such as a machine, a plant, a vehicle or the like, or a radio module for producing a radio connection of the signal device, wherein the connection element for the electrical connection of the functional module has at least one electrical contact surface of an electric conductor. The connection element is distinguished by the fact that the electric conductor having the contact surface extends as far as a cable connecting clamp of the connection element for the connection to at least one cable core of an electric cable.

Abstract: Methods of delivering electric power to equipment of a communications access network are provided herein. In particular, a method of delivering electric power to the equipment includes generating an AC power signal having a frequency between 10 kHz and 500 kHz that is transmitted via a coaxial cable that is coupled between the equipment and a power monitor. The method includes identifying, using the power monitor, a reflection of the AC power signal via the coaxial cable to the power monitor. Moreover, the method includes adjusting a voltage of the AC power signal in response to identifying the reflection. Related systems and coaxial cables are also provided.

Abstract: A high-current cable connector comprises two metal parts and a interlocking member. The interlocking member moves the metal parts outward so that two abutting surfaces per metal part are pressed together. The alignment of the abutting surfaces causes two other surfaces per metal part, the contact surfaces, to also be pressed together and the cable connector is locked. This results in an easy-to-assemble cable connector with low contact resistance and high thermal capacity.

Abstract: An in-vehicle wiring module is configured to be attached to a plurality of electricity storage elements having electrode terminals. The in-vehicle wiring module includes busbars to be connected to the electrode terminals, flexible substrates having a first conductive path that is electrically connected to the busbars, and a rigid substrate having a second conductive path that is electrically connected to the first conductive paths. The flexible substrates overlap the rigid substrate. The flexible substrates each have a first opposing surface that is opposed to the rigid substrate. The first conductive paths each have first lands that are arranged on the first opposing surface. First slits that are open at edges of the flexible substrates are formed between the first lands of the flexible substrates. The rigid substrate has a second opposing surface that is opposed to the flexible substrates.

Abstract: A conductive terminal for a flat flexible cable comprises a first contact surface, and a second contact surface opposing the first contact surface. The first and second contact surfaces define a space therebetween for receiving a flat flexible cable along a longitudinal direction of the terminal. A dimpled structure is defined on the first contact surface and includes a plurality of dimples extending from the first contact surface in a direction of the second contact surface. The dimpled structure includes at least one dimple having a first height, and at least one dimple having a second height, distinct from the first height.

Abstract: An electric connector assembly includes a socket and a plug. The socket has a first casing, a base and a first pin assembly. The first pin assembly has a plurality of ground terminals and signal terminals. Each ground terminal has a specific height, and has a first coupling portion disposed on a first end. The plug has a second casing, a receiving base and a second pin assembly. The second pin assembly has a plurality of connecting terminals. Each connecting terminal has a second coupling portion disposed on a second end. When the plug is coupling with the socket, the connecting terminals of the plug respectively clamp the ground terminals and the signal terminals of the socket, and the second coupling portions of the connecting terminals are respectively engaged with the first coupling portions of the ground terminals to increase contact areas.

Abstract: A connector includes a substrate, a coverlay and a spring contact. The substrate has a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface and a conductive through hole extending between the first and second surfaces. The coverlay is disposed on the first surface and includes a first opening. The spring contact includes an anchor member, a rising member and a pin. The anchor member is disposed between the substrate and the coverlay. The rising member extends from the anchor member and through the first opening in a direction away from the substrate. A first portion of the rising member is in the first opening, and a second portion of the rising member is out of the first opening. The pin extends from the anchor member to an inside of the conductive through hole, and is electrically connected to the conductive through hole.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes: an insulative housing, an interior of the insulative housing is provided with a plurality of terminal receiving cavities which penetrate along a front-rear direction, two sides of each terminal receiving cavity each are provided with a fixing slot; a plurality of conductive terminals respectively correspondingly mounted in the plurality of terminal receiving cavities; each conductive terminal includes a fixing portion, a mating portion which extends forwardly from the fixing portion and a crimping connection portion and a crimping wire portion which extend rearwardly from the fixing portion; two sides of the fixing portion each are provided with a vertical extending piece which extends upwardly, a fixing wing horizontally bends outwardly from an upper end of each vertical extending piece, the fixing wing is correspondingly fixed in the fixing slot.

Abstract: A quick-release combination structure includes a panel and a water-proof cover. The panel includes a groove and a sliding channel. The groove is recessed from a surface of the panel. The sliding channel is connected to the groove and runs through the panel. The water-proof cover includes a cover body and a guiding plate. The cover body is configured to be at least partially accommodated in the groove and cover the sliding channel. The guiding plate is connected to the cover body and slidably inserted in the sliding channel. A thickness of the guiding plate is smaller than a distance of an inner wall of the sliding channel in a thickness direction of the guiding plate, thereby allowing two ends of the guiding plate to seesaw in the thickness direction relative to the panel.

Abstract: An electrical cord plug assembly for inhibiting a male electrical plug from being damaged includes a male electrical plug that is electrically coupled to an electrical cord. The male electrical plug can be plugged into a female electrical outlet. The male electrical plug has a pair of wings each extending laterally away from the male electrical plug. Each of the wings abuts a wall plate of the female electrical plug when the male electrical plug is plugged into the female electrical plug. Additionally, each of the wings extends in opposite directions from each other on the male electrical plug. In this way the wings inhibit the male electrical plug from being bent sideways in the female electrical plug.

Abstract: An inline implantable connector device can provide an increased volume density to medical device systems in a limited volume. The inline implantable connector device can have a claim-shell design with a first half and a second half, each having a conductive path in a same design. The second half is turned and flipped by 180 degrees to mate with the first half so that the conductive paths interconnect to form electrical and mechanical interconnections that are fundamentally transverse to the direction of the incoming or outgoing lead wires. A first screw hole on a top side of the connector device can accept a screw therethrough; and a second screw hole on a bottom side of the connector device can accept another screw therethrough.

Abstract: A housing of an electrical plug connector, which has the following features: at least one plug chamber, accessible from a plug face of the plug connector, into which a mating plug connector designed as the mating piece for the plug connector may be inserted; four circumferential walls, which surround at least the plug chamber on the circumferential side and extend in parallel to an insertion direction, in which the mating plug connector may be inserted into the plug chamber; at least one elastically resilient locking tab is formed on at least one circumferential wall for the purpose of locking the mating plug connector on the plug connector; the at least one locking tab is designed as a material tongue separated from the material of the circumferential wall by cutaway sections on both sides. An electrical plug connector is also provided, which includes the housing.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fastening system (1) for a plug connection (2). The fastening system (1) has a first holder element (3) for reversibly holding a first plug connector (5) and a second holder element (4) for reversibly holding a second plug connector (5?). The first and the second holder elements (3, 4) each have at least one latching arm (7, 7?) via which the first and the second holder elements (3, 4) can be reversibly interlocked to each other. The disclosure also relates to a different mounting possibilities, in particular of such a fastening system (1).

Abstract: A wire end connector and a connector assembly are provided. The wire end connector comprises a wire end housing and an unlocking member. The wire end housing comprises a wire end accommodating part and a retaining notch. The unlocking member comprises two opposite unlocking arms an activation piece and a buckling connecting piece. The two unlocking arms being movably disposed in the wire end housing, one end of the buckling connecting piece is connected to the two unlocking arms and disposed in the retaining notch, another end of the buckling connecting piece is connected to the activation piece.

Abstract: A wire end connector and a connector assembly are provided. The wire end connector comprises a wire end housing and an unlocking member. The wire end housing comprises a wire end accommodating part and two buckling bumps. The two buckling bumps are oppositely disposed at two sides of the wire end accommodating part, a wire end connector body is accommodated in the wire end accommodating part. The unlocking member comprises two opposite unlocking arms. The two unlocking arms being movably disposed in the two buckling bumps respectively.

Abstract: It is aimed for miniaturization. A connector device is provided with a first connector (10), a second connector (40) provided to face the first connector (10), an adapter (20) for connecting the first and second connectors (10, 40), resilient holding portions (14) formed in the first connector (10), having a shape retention force capable of holding the adapter (20) in a fixed posture with respect to the first connector (10) and being resiliently deformable, and a first guide portion (42) and second guide portions (47) for absorbing position shifts of the first and second connectors (10, 40) by inclining the adapter (20) with respect to the first connector (10) while resiliently deforming the resilient holding portions (14).

Abstract: It is aimed for miniaturization. A connector device is provided with a first connector, a second connector provided to face the first connector, an adapter for connecting the first and second connectors, posture holding portions provided on the first connector and the adapter and configured to hold the adapter in a constant posture with respect to the first connector by coming into contact with each other, a resilient holding portion provided on the adapter and configured to hold the first posture holding portion of the first connector and the movable posture holding portion of the adapter in a state in contact with each other by a resilient force, and a first guide portion and a second guide portion for correcting position shifts of the second connector and the adapter by inclining the adapter while resiliently deforming the resilient holding portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a connector and a connector assembly. The connector comprises a housing, a connection assembly, a safety cover and a high-voltage interlock. During mating the connector with the mating connector, when the connection assembly is not fastened, the connection assembly is in a position of interference with the safety cover to prevent the safety cover from being moved from an initial position to a safety position. The safety cover and the high-voltage interlock are slidably connected. When the safety cover is moved to the initial position, the high-voltage interlock is moved to a disconnected position, and when the safety cover is moved to the safety position, the high-voltage interlock is moved to a connected position. The high-voltage interlock is separated from the mating high-voltage interlock before the terminal is electrically connected with the mating terminal, improving use safety of the connector.

Abstract: Provided is a supporting apparatus which can make a sound when it is electrically connected to electronic equipment that is supported on the supporting apparatus. The supporting apparatus (1) that has a terminal (41) includes a first movable member (60) that moves downwardly when receiving a load of the electronic equipment, a restriction portion (53a), a second movable member (70) that is movable relative to the restriction portion (53a) in a direction intersecting with an upward and downward direction and that receives the load from the first movable member (60), a first spring (110) that is positioned between the first movable member (60) and the second movable member (70), and a collided portion (63a) that receives a collision with the second movable member (70).

Abstract: The invention concerns a connector part, such as a plug or a socket, for a cable, such as a RF cable having specific parameters and/or features, wherein the connector is designed to mimic at least one parameter and/or feature of the cable to minimize the discontinuity in the transmission in the connector.

Abstract: To exhibit high strength, achieve a high shielding effect, and increase reliability with a compact and low profile. A first connector that mates with a second connector, containing: a first connector main body; a first terminal attached to the first connector main body; a first high-frequency terminal attached to the first connector main body; and a first shield surrounding an entire circumference of the first connector main body; and further containing, a first inner side shield attached to the first connector main body and extending in a width direction of the first connector between the first terminal and the first high-frequency terminal; where a substrate connecting part of the first terminal is visible from a mating surface side of the first connector, and a substrate connecting part of the first inner side shield is not visible from the mating surface side.

Abstract: A power cord handling device and a method to adjust a power cord extending from a device are provided. A frame assembly may include a base supporting a device receiving area to receive a device. A wheel assembly may be adapted to facilitate coiling of a power cord extending from the device when the device is disposed in the device receiving area. The wheel assembly may include a protrusion member. The protrusion member may include one or more slots. A controller may be configured to control a wheel assembly motor. Guide arms may be adapted to receive one or more second portions of the power cord extending from the device and to guide the power cord during a power cord handling operation. The controller may be configured to cause the wheel assembly to perform a power cord handling operation.

Abstract: A coaxial connector that may include a connector portion, a coupler portion that may be configured to be coupled with the connector portion, and a post portion that may comprise a forward post portion and a rearward post portion that is configured to form an electrical ground path with the forward post portion during operation of the connector. The forward post portion may comprise a forward post engagement portion that is configured to engage a rearward post engagement portion of the rearward post portion such that the forward post portion and the rearward post portion are fixed relative to each other. The forward post engagement portion may be configured to engage the rearward post engagement portion to provide the electrical ground path between the forward post engagement portion and the rearward post engagement portion so as to provide a ground path that extends from an outer conductor of a coaxial cable through the forward and rearward post engagement portions and to the post portion.

Abstract: To provide a connector module with stable EMC, a connector module includes: a receptacle on a substrate; and a plug electrically connected to the receptacle and electrically connectable to a communication cable, the plug including: a connector including an outer conductor electrically connectable to the communication cable; and a connection member connecting the connector to the receptacle and electrically connected to a ground line on the substrate, the outer conductor including: a cylindrical conductor body; and an annular flange extending from the conductor body to a radially outward side, the flange including a step on a facing side facing the connection member, the connection member being in contact with an upper level portion or a lower level portion. [Selected Figure] FIG.

Abstract: It is aimed to reduce a projection area of a board-side connector on a mounting surface of a circuit board. A connector device (A) is provided with a board-side connector (10), a mating connector (30) facing the board-side connector (10), an adapter (40) rockably supported in the mating connector (30), a tip part of the adapter being connected to the board-side connector (10), a first guide portion (12) and a second guide portion (21) provided on a tip part of the board-side connector (10) and having outer peripheral surfaces inclined to reduce a diameter toward a tip side, and a guided portion (50) provided on the tip part of the adapter (40) and configured to correct a position shift of the adapter (40) with respect to the board-side connector (10) by sliding in contact with the first and second guide portions (12, 21).

Abstract: A power connector module is provided, including a housing, an electrical connector unit disposed in a first space of the housing, and a socket unit disposed in a second space of the housing. The glue is received in the first space, and a gate plate is disposed on a diaphragm of the housing to prevent the glue from flowing into the second space.

Abstract: A method of assembling a waterproof structure includes the following operations. Connect a first input/output connector of a circuit board to a first positioning fixture. A first elastic adhesive is combined with a first rigid board. An end of the first positioning fixture away from the first input/output connector is passed out of the first rigid board, and the first input/output connector and the first elastic adhesive are separated on two sides of the first rigid board. The circuit board is arranged in the casing, wherein the first positioning fixture is inserted from the first input/output opening on the first wall inside the casing, so that the first elastic adhesive adheres the first rigid board to the first wall of the casing, and the first elastic adhesive fills a spacing between the first positioning fixture and the first input/output opening.

Abstract: An inter-device cabling movement system includes a base and a plurality of cable attachment devices that extend from the base in a port identification sequence. Each of the plurality of cable attachment devices includes a cable engagement element that is configured to engage a respective cable, and a cable securing element that is configured to secure the cable engagement element to the respective cable. The cable engagement elements and cable securing elements may be utilized to secure each cable attachment device to respective cables connected to first ports on a first device so that those respective cables may be disconnected from the first pots on the first device and reconnected to second ports on a second device based on the port identification sequence.

Abstract: A wire processing center includes a plurality of processing modules located on or at a rotary table. The processing modules are driven via a common control and are configured to assemble cables with different cross-sections and/or to provide cable ends with contacts or the like and have a storage for cable cross-sections to be processed and/or the assembled cables. The processing modules are positioned on a rotary table which is provided with a driver in order to orient one processing module at a time with respect to at least one processing station arranged in the circumferential region of the rotary table.

Abstract: Low power MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) radiation is used to non-invasively record molecular activity in a biological object such as a brain. Low power MASER radiation is also used to neuromodulate molecular targets via Rabi coupling, resulting for example in conformational and function change in specific molecular targets such as ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, G-proteins, or dopamine receptors. The method can be used to change the energy state of targeted molecules via energization or enervation, or to ablate targeted molecules.

Abstract: An autocorrelator and a pulse amplifying device including the same are provided. The autocorrelator includes a parabolic mirror configured to transmit and reflect pulse laser beam, a prism on one side of the parabolic mirror and configured to split the pulse laser beam, a first lower retro-reflector under the prism and provided at a first distance from the prism to reflect a portion of the pulse laser beam, a first upper retro-reflector on the prism, provided at a second distance different from the first distance from the prism, and configured to reflect another portion of the pulse laser beam to generate a first time difference between pulses of the pulse laser beam upper retro-reflector, and a first sensor under the parabolic mirror and configured to receive the pulse laser beam to detect a pulse width of the pulse laser beam.

Abstract: A laser device includes a vacuum container including a wall portion, a laser medium disposed inside the vacuum container, a cooler disposed outside the vacuum container, and a heat conductor penetrating the wall portion in a predetermined direction and connected to the laser medium and the cooler.

Abstract: In various embodiments, one or more optical elements are utilized to alter the numerical aperture of a radiation beam received from an optical fiber in order to accommodate the properties of a downstream collimator within a laser delivery head.

Abstract: An RF pulse generator may comprise a pair of phase-locked lasers that output optical tones offset in frequency by a set amount. The resulting optical signal is periodically transmitted and blocked by an optical switch to generate a pulsed optical signal. A photodiode is irradiated with the pulsed optical signal to generate a corresponding pulsed RF signal having a frequency corresponding to the frequency difference of the optical tones generated by the phase-locked lasers. An antenna may be connected to and driven by the photodiode to electromagnetically transmit the pulsed RF signal.

Abstract: A femtosecond pulse laser apparatus includes a pump light source configured to provide a pump light, a gain medium configured to obtain a gain of a laser light using the pump light, a first curved mirror and a second curved mirror, which are provided at both sides of the gain medium, an output mirror configured to transmit a portion of the laser light and reflect the other portion of the laser light to the gain medium, a mode locking portion configured to generate a femtosecond pulse of the laser light, and an acoustic wave generator configured to provide an acoustic wave into the gain medium so as to adjust self-phase modulation of the laser light.

Abstract: A frequency stabilizing system for high precision single-cavity multi-frequency comb includes a single-cavity multi-comb pulse oscillator, a frequency detection system, and a frequency feedback control system. The single-cavity multi-comb pulse oscillator is configured to output mode-locked pulse trains with a certain repetition rate difference at two or more central wavelengths. The frequency detection system is configured to detect the frequency signal, and output the corresponding electrical signal. The frequency feedback control system is configured to process the electrical signal from the frequency detection system, and transmit it to the frequency response component in the single-cavity multi-comb pulse oscillator to control a strain of the frequency response component, so as to realize feedback control on the frequency (repetition rate, repetition rate difference, and carrier envelope offset frequency) of the mode-locked pulse trains.

Abstract: Configurations and method fabrication are disclosed for vapor cells used in atomic sensors. In particular vapor cells that include optical resonators. The disclosed configurations can utilize the optical resonance inside the vapor cells to enhance the interaction between laser beams and atoms contained in the vapor cell and enable controlling the temperature of the vapor cell.

Abstract: Fiber laser amplification systems and methods are disclosed for use with a chirally coupled core (3C) optical fiber enabling the generation of a high-power output beam having a controlled stable polarization state. Vector modulation instabilities which typically induce undesirable sidebands in 3C fiber optics are greatly reduced even at high peak powers, enabling operation of the up to power levels limited mainly by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Polarization extinction ratios (PER) demonstrate long-term stability and minimal degradation due to changes in system temperature. Delays in reaching stable operation during start-up are also greatly reduced.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a laser diode configured to emit laser light; a substrate directly or indirectly supporting the laser diode; and a cap secured to the substrate and covering the laser diode, the cap including: a first portion configured to transmit the laser light that is emitted from the laser diode, and a second portion that is bonded to the first portion. The second portion includes: a pair of lateral wall portions that are located at lateral sides of the laser diode, the pair of lateral wall portions being bonded to the first portion, a cover portion that is located above the laser diode and connects the pair of lateral wall portions together, and a rear wall portion that faces the first portion with the laser diode disposed between the first portion and the rear wall portion of the second portion.

Abstract: Provided is a laser. The laser includes: a base plate, an annular side wall, a plurality of conductive pins, a plurality of light-emitting chips, and a plurality of conductive wires; wherein the side wall and the plurality of light-emitting chips are disposed on the base plate, the side wall surrounds the plurality of light-emitting chips, the plurality of conductive pins are extended through the side wall and are affixed into the side wall, and sides, distal from the base plate, of portions of the plurality of conductive pins surrounded by the side wall include planar regions, wherein the planar region of each of the plurality of conductive pins is connected to the light-emitting chip via the conductive wire.

Abstract: A method for physical random number generation includes the steps of: modulating the gain of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser periodically from the lower threshold to the upper threshold and back; maintaining the gain per round trip positive for a longer period than the round trip time of the cavity; maintaining the net gain per round trip negative for a longer period than the round trip time of the cavity, in order to create optical pulses of random amplitude; detecting the optical pulses; converting the optical pulses into electrical analog pulses; and digitising the electrical analog pulses into random numbers.