Abstract: A network emulation system supporting a flexible and efficient dynamic experiment emulates a network based on container, veth-pair, traffic control (TC), and other technologies and sets a network state management model based on a key-value pair, thereby constructing a network emulation system supporting a flexible and efficient dynamic experiment. The system flexibly realizes the dynamic performance of a plurality of dimensions, namely, dynamic node start/stop, dynamic node attribute configuration, dynamic link start/stop, and dynamic link attribute configuration. Based on the network state management model, the network emulation system provides a concise and unified dynamic application programming interface (API) for an upper layer. Researchers can call the API in their network innovation programs at any time after an emulation network is deployed to achieve efficient, batch-processing, and programmable dynamic management.

Abstract: A first network device may receive an advertisement that includes a prefix for a second network device, wherein the advertisement is destined for a third network device. The first network device may determine, based on a network topology, whether a next hop is one hop away or multiple hops away. The first network device may selectively modify the advertisement to include a first segment identifier, based on the next hop being one hop away and to generate a first modified advertisement, or may modify the advertisement to include a second segment identifier, based on the next hop being multiple hops away and to generate a second modified advertisement. The first network device may forward the first modified advertisement or the second modified advertisement toward the third network device.

Abstract: A network device may receive topology data identifying a spine and leaf topology of network devices, and may set link metrics to a common value to generate modified topology data. The network device may remove data identifying connections from leaf network devices to any devices outside the topology from the modified topology data to generate further modified topology data, and may process the further modified topology data, with a model, to determine path data identifying paths to destinations. The network device may determine particular path data identifying shorter paths and longer paths to corresponding destinations, and may determine hop counts associated with the paths. The network device may determine whether the hop counts are all odd values, all even values, or odd and even values, and may perform actions based on whether the hop counts are all odd values, all even values, or odd and even values.

Abstract: A method of routing for direct interconnect networks which generates multiple edge-disjoint paths between all source and destination nodes, while providing deadlock-free routing. The method requires limited use of virtual layers, which makes it suitable for less complex and more energy efficient hardware devices, and inter-layer edge-disjointedness is preferably integrated, which improves the throughput capacity of multipath traffic patterns. The method allows for distributed route calculation, wherein each node is responsible for generation of its own routes without the need for a centralized algorithm controller or elected master (with global knowledge), as it is, for instance, with InfiniBand. The method also involves a method of mapping arbitrary topologies from any dimension to bi-dimensional coordinate system. In addition, the method employs a lower number of turn restrictions than other prior solutions because it uses six direction types instead of only four as used in Up*/Down*.

Abstract: Aspects relate to a wireless communication device that forwards signals over different types of wireless communication links. For example, a wireless communication device may be configured to relay signals for a first type of wireless communication link (e.g., a cellular link such as a Uu link) and also relay signals for a second type of wireless communication link (e.g., a sidelink that uses a PC5 link). The disclosure relates in some aspects to techniques for configuring the wireless communication device to enable the signals for the different types of wireless communication links to be forwarded in an effective manner.

Abstract: A communication system facilities low-latency, high-availability multipath streaming between terminals (e.g., mobile terminals) and a server platform. In an example application, a remote support service operating on the server platform provides remote teleoperation, monitoring, or data processing services to a mobile terminal embodied as a vehicle or robot utilizing a low latency communication link. The low latency link enables a remote operator to receive video or telemetry feeds, and timely monitor and respond to hazards in substantially real-time. The low latency communication link may be achieved even when the data streams are transmitted over public networks incorporating at least one wireless leg, and where individual connections have varying quality of service in terms of delivery latency due to congestion or stochastic packet losses. Assignment of data streams to particular communication channels may be made on an optimization model derived from a machine-learning process or simulation.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to identifying and configuring an in-band controller operating on a host in a software defined network (SDN), the host configured to use a parallel redundancy protocol (PRP). In one embodiment, a system may include a network in communication with the host, the network comprising a plurality of switches interconnected with a plurality of physical links. The in-band controller is in communication with the network and includes a PRP identification subsystem to generate a packet configured such that the network forwards the packet back to the in-band controller, to analyze the packet and determine that the packet conforms to PRP, and to identify a first communication host in communication with the network and configured to operate using PRP. A traffic routing subsystem of the in-band controller may create a plurality of PRP communication flows between the in-band controller and the first communication host.

Abstract: Techniques are described for optimizing multipaths of a segment routing-enabled network. For example, a computing device is configured to: for each link in a network layer of a multi-layer network, compute a usage (metric) of the link by all paths of a first plurality of multipaths provisioned in the network layer to compute a total usage by the first plurality of multipaths, the first plurality of multipaths having been computed and placed to a model of the network layer in a first order; compute a second plurality of multipaths, wherein the second plurality of multipaths are computed and placed, to the model of the network layer, in a second, different order; and in response to determining that the total usage by the second plurality of multipaths is less than the total usage by the first plurality of multipaths, provision the second plurality of multipaths in the network layer.

Abstract: A system for facilitating traffic redirection for a multi-chassis link aggregation group (MCLAG) is provided. During operation, the system can participate in an MCLAG using a first interface of a first switch. The MCLAG can also include a second interface of a second switch. Based on predetermined unavailability for the first switch, the system can determine a sequence of applications for a plurality of traffic forwarding configurations. A respective configuration can facilitate loop prevention for traffic forwarded via the MCLAG. The system can then apply the plurality of configurations to the first switch based on the sequence of applications to redirect unicast traffic from the first switch to the second switch. Here, applying a respective configuration can include programming corresponding switch hardware with the configuration. Subsequently, the system can perform a set of operations on the first switch that triggers the predetermined unavailability.

Abstract: Distribution access channels among and across multiple communication networks can be managed. A distribution access management component (DAMC) can monitor communication conditions of communication channels across multiple communication networks employing respective communication technologies. During a data session between a data source device and communication device via a first communication channel associated with a first communication network, and in response to determining a failure of the first communication channel, DAMC can determine whether data traffic of the data session is to be re-routed from the first communication channel to a second communication channel associated with a second communication network based on a policy. If the policy indicates re-routing can be performed, DAMC can facilitate establishing the second communication channel, and data traffic of the data session can be re-routed via the second communication channel until the failure of the first communication channel is remedied.

Abstract: The present technology discloses generating and transmitting a probing packet for determining in-situ performance in a segment routing (SR) network. A packet is received at a SR network node having an IPv6 packet header, and a probing packet is generated that includes the IPv6 packet header, a segment routing header (SRH) extension header, and a UDP header structure and UDP data payload portion. The UDP payload portion includes an OAM header and a IOAM data structure. The probing packet is then transmitted to a next segment node in the SR network.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a router determines whether or not to establish a stateful routing session based on the suitability of one or more candidate return path interfaces. This determination is typically made at the time a first packet for a new session arrives at the router on a given ingress interface. In some cases, the router may be configured to require that the ingress interface be used for the return path of the session, in which case the router may evaluate whether the ingress interface is suitable for the return path and may drop the session if the ingress interface is deemed by the router to be unsuitable for the return path. In other cases, the router may be configured to not require that the ingress interface be used for the return path, in which case the router may evaluate whether at least one interface is suitable for the return path and drop the session if no interface is deemed by the router to be suitable for the return path.

Abstract: Packet processing in a EVPN L2 MPLS deployment includes performing tag editing operations in the egress pipeline. More particularly, tag manipulation is based on the egress port. Packet processing further includes performing ESI label selection in the egress pipeline, and includes selecting the ESI label based on the ingress port where the ingress port can be a physical port or a subinterface configured on a physical port.

Abstract: A network system includes a first network device, a second network device, and a third network device. The first network device is configured to: obtain a first route advertisement message, where the first route advertisement message includes a first route prefix; and obtain a second route prefix based on the first route prefix, where the second route prefix corresponds to a first network slice, and the second route prefix is a subnet prefix of the first route prefix. The first network device advertises a second route advertisement message to the second network device, where the second route advertisement message includes the second route prefix.

Abstract: Example embodiments are directed towards concurrently supporting IPv6 and IPv4 in a cloud-managed wireless telecommunication network. This may include electronically providing support for internet Protocol IPv4 network traffic of user equipment (UEs) in a cloud-native, O-RAN, 5G NR cellular telecommunication network, and also electronically providing support for IPv6 network traffic of UEs in the cloud-native, O-RAN, 5G NR cellular telecommunication network while concurrently providing the support IPv4 network traffic. the wireless telecommunication service provider that is an MNO of the cloud-native, O-RAN, 5G NR cellular telecommunication network controls routing of the IPv6 network traffic within a cloud computing service provider cloud in which the cloud-native, O-RAN, 5G NR cellular telecommunication network operates.

Abstract: In general, embodiments relate to a method, obtaining, by a monitoring fabric network device operating in the monitoring fabric, a packet, wherein the packet is a replication of a packet sent to a second network device, applying a classification to the packet, performing, using the classification, a modification on a layer 2 (L2) address of the packet to obtain a modified packet, wherein the modified packet includes a modified L2 address, and transmitting the modified packet to a second monitoring fabric network device based on forwarding policies, wherein the forwarding policies do not utilize the modified L2 address.

Abstract: In some implementations, a first network device may transmit data to a second network device based on the data being associated with a media access control (MAC) address that is associated with an access port of the second network device, wherein the first network device and the second network device are included in a plurality of network devices interconnected by first tunnels associated with a forwarding plane and second tunnels associated with a control plane. The first network device may determine that the MAC address is associated with an access port of the first network device and may transmit, via one or more first tunnels, a notification indicating that the MAC address is associated with the first network device. The first network device may transmit, via one or more second tunnels, a notification indicating that the MAC address is associated with the first network device.

Abstract: A transfer device is capable of outputting packets to a plurality of physical lines, and includes a measurement unit configured to measure performance of network requirements specified by a given service for each physical line; and a selection unit configured to select the physical line at which the measured performance is maximized from among the plurality of physical lines. A transfer control device includes an instruction unit configured to receive an advertisement including route information for selecting a route for each network requirement from a transfer device that outputs packets to a plurality of physical lines, and to offer a route instruction using the route information to a service for which the requirement is specified.

Abstract: A method for distributing an optimal path to a router using a route reflector, that includes obtaining, by the route reflector, a path location bitmask associated with the optimal path, obtaining a router location bitmask associated with the router, performing a bitwise AND operation on the path location bitmask and the router location bitmask to obtain a result bitmask, identifying a nonzero bit in the result bitmask, and in response to identifying the nonzero bit, sending the optimal path to the router.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores information identifying a first set of protocols associated with communication channels available to a first system and a second set of protocols associated with communication channels available to a second system. The processor receives, from the first system, a request to transmit data, and selects, based at least on a size of the data and a load of each communication channel available to the first system, a protocol of the first set of protocols. The processor instructs the first system to transmit the data according to the selected protocol. The processor receives, over the communication channel associated with the selected protocol, the data from the first system. The processor further selects a protocol of the second set of protocols, and transmits, over the communication channel associated with the selected protocol, the data to the second system.

Abstract: A control device includes a control unit configured to transmit a request received from an information processing device performing setting on a relay device relaying a packet in software defined networking (SDN) to the relay device. The control unit sequentially transmits each request from the information processing device to the relay device and sequentially transmits each response from the relay device in response to each of the requests to the information processing device when a processing load of the control device is equal to or less than a threshold, and transmits a request in which a plurality of requests from the information processing device are collected to the relay device and transmits a response in which responses to the plurality of requests are collected to the information processing device when the processing load of the control device is not equal to or less than the threshold.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a method by a network device includes receiving a handshake message for a traffic flow from a Software-Defined Wide-Area Network (SDWAN) and determining, from a traffic policy, whether the traffic flow should be symmetrical. In response to determining from the traffic policy that the traffic flow should be symmetrical, the method further includes performing a flow lookup on the traffic flow to determine if the network device originated the traffic flow. In response to determining that the network device did not originate the traffic flow, the method further includes determining a second network device that originated the traffic flow and sending the handshake message for the traffic flow to the second network device in order to maintain symmetry for the traffic flow.

Abstract: A method and a device for transmitting a data packet are provided. The method includes: receiving a first data packet from a second node, wherein the first data packet includes first information indicating a dynamic load-sharing request; selecting, according to the first information, a first path for forwarding the first data packet, and recording an identifier of the first path; receiving a second data packet from the second node, wherein the second data packet includes an identifier of the first path, and the second data packet is a data packet, after the first data packet, of a same traffic; selecting, according to the identifier of the first path, the first path to forward the second data packet.

Abstract: Aggregation of small payloads from multiple packets may improve bandwidth efficiency of a network, particularly a high-performance compute cluster with thousands of network endpoints and distributed data. Aggregation is context-based and a packet header is reduced because the common components that are shared by the aggregated messages are included once within the header. Execution contexts are explicitly created and destroyed by application programs. Each participating endpoint stores context-specific properties until the context is destroyed, so that the properties are not included in the header. Aggregation may be performed at different hierarchical levels by switches and/or endpoints.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatuses for providing quality of service handling of user traffic transmitted by a first content provider. A method in a first network function comprises receiving an onboarding request from the first content provider, wherein the onboarding request comprises information relating to a QoS handling service that the first content provider supports.

Abstract: A device and method may alter the transmission rate of data sent across a computer network based on a time to receive an acknowledgement in response to a packet sent over the network. An embodiment may transmit packets across the computer network according to a rate R, where R is determined based at least on a number of bytes to be sent during a window (cwnd) divided by a duration of time (RTT); and modify RTT based on a current round trip time of a packet sent over the network (e.g. based on a time to receive an acknowledgement in response to a packet sent over the network).

Abstract: A method performed by a node, for handling one or more member streams split from a stream of frames. The node supports at least replication function and one elimination function, to process the one or more member streams. The node operates in a communications network. The node assigns an indication to a frame of one or more frames comprised in a first member stream outgoing from the at least one elimination function. The indication is the same in every frame of the one or more frames. The indication identifies the first member stream as an output member stream in the stream. The node forwards the first member stream outgoing from the at least one elimination function, identified by the indication, to another function supported by the node, or to another node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aspects related to a device including a wireless communication interface and one or more processors. In an aspect, the wireless communication interface can establish a wireless connection with a remote device. In an aspect, the one or more processors can determine a signal indicative of a value of a discard timer according to at least one of a type of an application implemented by the one or more processors, a type of data communicated over the wireless connection, or a hardware capability of the device. In an aspect, the discard timer can be for discarding data packets from one or more buffers. In an aspect, the one or more processors can provide the signal to the remote device.

Abstract: A method of path MTU determination in Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel is presented. A source network device (ND) transmits, to a destination ND that is a second endpoint of the GRE tunnel, a first outer packet including a first inner packet, where the first inner packet includes a first inner header that is used to deliver the first inner packet to the source network device, a first inner GRE header, and a first payload. The source ND receives the first inner packet. The source ND transmits a second outer packet including a second inner packet that includes a second payload that has a size greater than a size of the first payload. The source ND determines that the second inner packet is not received and determines a path MTU between the source ND and the destination ND based on a size of the first and the second outer packets.

Abstract: A method for communicating time sensitive data streams in a network. The method includes synchronizing queuing and transmission of data in a set of output buffers for buffering streams associated with a certain class of service. The method includes processing data packets of a stream using a cyclic flow meter, wherein the cyclic flow meter limits transfer of the data packets of the stream to the set of output buffers of the network node according to a predetermined amount per cycle based on an output frequency. The method includes transmitting, according to the output frequency, the data packets of the stream from a non-empty output buffer of the set of output buffers, and transferring the data packets of the stream from the cyclic flow meter to an empty output buffer of the set of output buffers.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and software to manage multiple sellers of record in a cloud computing environment. In one example, a cloud management service can monitor resource usage in association one or more cloud service providers for each seller of record of a plurality of sellers of record for a customer organization. The cloud management service can further identify interface requirements for reporting the usage information to each of the sellers of record and can communicate the corresponding usage information to each of the sellers of record.

Abstract: A management device includes: a reception unit that receives a change request for changing an allocated resource of a user who uses a communication line, from a manager of the communication line, a server managing information related to a use terminal of the communication line, or the user; and a change unit that changes the allocated resource of the user by using a predetermined change method when the reception unit receives the change request.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are described for facilitating gateway prioritization. A system includes a gateway, a first node, and a second node coupled by an internal link. The gateway instantiates an allocator which allocates a link characteristic of the internal link based on a first resource request by the first node and in view of a second resource request by the second node. The requests identify a link characteristic for the internal link. The allocator allocates the link characteristic between the first node and the second node based on a ranking of the first node and the second node. The first link characteristic may be an internal link bandwidth. An ISP server is coupled by an external link to the gateway. The external link includes an external link characteristic which the first resource request identifies and the allocator allocates in view thereof.

Abstract: A broadband network gateway (BNG) in a wireline network. The BNG includes an interworking function in a control plane (IF-CP), the IF-CP configured to use a control plane interface (N1?/N2?) between the BNG in the wireline network and a fifth generation (5G) core in a 5G network to couple a control plane of the BNG to a control plane of the 5G core; an interworking function in a user plane (IF-UP), the IF-UP configured to use a user plane interface (N3?) between the BNG in the wireline network and the 5G core in the 5G network to couple a user plane of the BNG to a user plane of the 5G core; and a transmitter configured to transmit data packets toward the 5G core after the user plane of the BNG and the user plane of the 5G core have been coupled.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an interface data processing method, a transmitting-end device and a receiving-end device. The method includes: mapping data to be processed into interface data based on a data type of the data to be processed, a data type which a receiving-end device can process and preset block description information; and sending the interface data to the receiving-end device.

Abstract: A network interface includes a processor, memory, and a cache between the processor and the memory. The processor secures a plurality of buffers for storing transfer data in the memory, and manages an allocation order of available buffers of the plurality of buffers. The processor returns a buffer released after data transfer to a position before a predetermined position of the allocation order.

Abstract: A method for managing a messaging system for receiving at a messaging server a message addressed, storing the message, transmitting a notification of the presence of the message at the messaging server, receiving a request to retrieve the message, validating the first mobile messaging client device, transmitting the message and a message attribute from the messaging server to the first mobile messaging client device, and receiving at the messaging server from the first mobile messaging client device a message management notification generated by the first mobile messaging client device in connection with managing the message in accordance with the message attribute at the first mobile messaging client device.

Abstract: Method of generating invitation media overlays for private collections starts with processor receiving first media content item from first client device associated with first user. Processor receives from first client device a selection of invitation media overlay to be applied to media content item. Invitation media overlay is associated with private collection of media content items. Processor generates modified first media content item by overlaying invitation media overlay on first media content item. Processor generates the private collection of media content items including modified first media content item. Processor receives from first client device selection of second user associated with the second user and causes modified first media content item to be displayed by the second client device. Processor receives selection of invitation media overlay from second client device and causes the private collection of media content items to be displayed by second client device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for initiating an instant messaging chat session from an email thread are described. In examples, an email thread including at least one email is received and user identifiers form the at least one email are extracted. Presence information associated with each user identifier of the plurality of user identifiers is obtained and then ordered. The ordered plurality of user identifiers together with their presence information are displayed in a user interface window. A determination to display a user control associated with an instant messaging capability is based on the presence information associated with at least one user identifier of the plurality of user identifiers. Upon receiving an indication that the user control associated with the instant messaging chat capability is selected, an instant messaging chat session is initiated.

Abstract: A virtual-figure-based data processing method and apparatus that can: display a conversation interface for a conversation between a first object and a second object, and display a first virtual figure of the first object and a second virtual figure of the second object in a virtual figure display region of the conversation interface (S101); display, in a message display region of the conversation interface in response to a trigger operation on the conversation interface, a first conversation message transmitted by the first object to the second object (S102), the first conversation message carrying first object media data associated with the first object; and update the first virtual figure to a first virtual update figure in the virtual figure display region including the second virtual figure, the first virtual update figure being obtained by updating the first virtual figure based on the first object media data (S103).

Abstract: A comment art management system according to one embodiment displays a target comment art including a character string of a plurality of lines on a plurality of viewer terminals including a target person terminal. The comment art management system includes: a receiving unit (communication unit) configured to receive specifying information for specifying the target comment art from the target person terminal; a specifying unit configured to specify the target comment art from a plurality of registered comment art based on the specifying information by referring to a database storing the plurality of registered comment art, each of the plurality of registered comment art including a character string of a plurality of lines; and a display control unit configured to display the specified target comment art superimposed on the main content displayed on the plurality of viewer terminals.

Abstract: Among other things, embodiments of the present disclosure improve the functionality of electronic messaging software and systems by allowing senders to transmit messages and content using a messaging system, and recipients to access such messages and content, even if the recipients do not have access to the messaging system.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and a server of exchanging information. The method includes receiving a first electronic message from a first communication entity, the first electronic message is in a first message format and includes content data related to a commercial process; extracting content data from the first electronic message and storing it in a database; generating a second electronic message in a second message format for the second communication entity based on the extracted content data, the second electronic message includes a notification that content data related to the commercial process is available, and a link to direct the second communication entity to a web portal; transmitting the second electronic message to the second communication entity; and rendering at least a part of the extracted content data on the web portal and providing access to the rendered content data on the web portal.

Abstract: A user may use a client device to create a draft document by interacting with a server. The user provides an image in a message (e.g., a multimedia messaging service (MMS) message) from a different device. The server receives the image and modifies the draft (e.g., by updating a web page being displayed on the client device). This process allows the user to type text for a draft using a client device that includes a keyboard (e.g., a desktop or laptop computer) and to add an image to the draft using a second device that includes a camera (e.g., a mobile phone or tablet computer) without having to transfer the image from the second device to the first device.

Abstract: Techniques for modifying a period of time that data, associated with a characteristic, transmitted via a communication platform is retained are described. A data retention rule can include a first period of time for retaining data transmitted via the communication platform, in association with an organization. The first user can additionally establish a specific data retention rule associated with data associated with a particular characteristic. The specific data retention rule can include an instruction to store communications including the particular characteristic for a second time period that is different from the first time period associated with the data retention rule. The communication platform can receive data from a second user computing device associated with the second user of the organization. Based on a determination that the data is associated with the characteristic, the communication platform can store the data according to the data retention rule specified for such data.

Abstract: This application discloses a sending method and apparatus, and an electronic device. The method includes: receiving a first input for a communication interface of a target group; displaying M identifiers in response to the first input, where each identifier is used to indicate one group member in the target group, and the M identifiers support to be multiple selected; receiving a second input for N identifiers among the M identifiers; displaying a preset symbol and N names in a preset combination form in an input box in response to the second input, where the N names are names of N group members indicated by the N identifiers; and sending a communication message in the target group, where the communication message includes the preset symbol and the N names in the preset combination form, where both M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may be used to create Internet applications and associated websites that bring human-levels of personal trust and intimacy/closeness into use while people are messaging and posting on a fully secured private peer-to-peer Internet communication system empowered by distributed ledger technology and applications. This invention and its embodiments represent a useful way of bringing personal freedom and personal rights into full use in an objective a subjective manner on the Internet. Meaning an advanced technology that makes manifest the much-needed Enlightenment of the Internet desired by so many thoughtful and concerned people in the United States and within the very vocal leadership of the European Union. Communications sent between devices may be encrypted such that only users of end devices or nodes may receive message data sent from another device.

Abstract: Provided herein are CRISPR/Cas methods and compositions for targeting RNA molecules, which can be used to detect, edit, or modify a target RNA.

Abstract: In an example, a starting argument post may be received, via a first debate interface, from a first client device associated with a first user account of a debate system. A first response post may be received, via a second debate interface, from a second client device associated with a second user account of the debate system. The first response post corresponds to a response to the starting argument post. The starting argument post and the first response post are included in a first debate thread. When a first submission status of the first user account is active, submission of a response post for inclusion in the first debate thread may be enabled via the first debate interface. A second response post may be received, via the first debate interface and when the first submission status of the first user account is active, from the first client device.

Abstract: The techniques disclosed herein provide a system that can identify two or more independently managed message threads and modify a user interface to enable a common user of the threads to view messages of both threads. For instance, if a user is participating in a first chat session that is displayed within a first message thread, the system can identify other threads that are related to the first thread. The related threads can be identified by a user input or by a query performed by a system. In some embodiments, the system can only search for threads that have at least one common user to the first thread. The system can provide this display of two related threads while linking the threads but not merging the messages of the threads. A data structure can be maintained to control the display of each thread.