Abstract: An ultrasonic flow meter is provided. The flow meter includes a detector that transmits a signal to a fluid and receives a signal from the fluid, a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor electrically connected to the memory and configured to execute the instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor calculates a first flow-rate value of the fluid using a signal transmitted to the fluid and a signal transmitted from the fluid, determines whether the first flow-rate value is missing, calculates a second flow-rate value of the fluid using a physical quantity of the fluid if the first flow-rate value is missing, and replaces the missing value with the second flow value, and the physical quantity is measured by an auxiliary sensor located installed on a pipe through which the fluid flows.

Abstract: The invention comprises a cylindrical reservoir (1) with a mouth (14), side through hole (3), shaft (28) and perimeter flange (8) whose top is associated with a concentric cover (2) anchored to the container (6) equipped with an upper mouth (13), vertical or diagonal grooves (16) and a lower mouth (11); the cover (2) enables the rotary or longitudinal sliding of the reservoir (1), which is activated by the pressure exerted by the cap (T) on said reservoir (1) which descends when the container is closed and takes the side through hole (3) out from inside the cover (2), descent that enables the reservoir (1) to be filled; when removing said cap (T), the reservoir (1) rises driven by the compression means (10), (17), (24) or (25) leaving the through hole (3) thereof enclosed inside the cover (2); the dose (Ds) is selected by tipping over the container (6) and when the liquid returns to the vertical position and is levelled, it is calibrated and when the cap is unscrewed, it is served and used, and so on.

Abstract: In measuring devices (1) including measuring sensors (2) on a distal end (3) of a shaft (4), it is also provided to configure at least one distance sensor (7, 8, 9) and/or an acceleration sensor (16) on this distal end (3), in order to enable an automatic distance measurement and/or determination of the position and/or the orientation of the measuring sensor (2) within a measuring range (6), and thus the recording of spatially resolved measured values.

Abstract: A fluid level detector is provided, which has a transmitter, a receiver, and a sensing zone adjacent the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter and receiver are arranged such that when an electric field forms between the transmitter and receiver, a fringe electric field extends from the transmitter into the sensing zone. The transmitter and receiver are both on a same side of the sensing zone, and a fluid located at the sensing zone changes a measured capacitance at the transmitter and receiver system.

Abstract: A method at a sensor apparatus affixed to a transportation asset. The method includes calibrating the sensor apparatus by initiating a vertical impact at the transportation asset, measuring spring oscillation and creating a model of the transportation asset. The method further includes detecting, subsequent to the calibrating, an impact event at the sensor apparatus. The method further includes measuring spring oscillation due to the impact event at the sensor apparatus and using the measured spring oscillation in the model created during calibration to create a load mass estimate for the transportation asset.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a process by which a weight of a material in a dump body of a machine is computed. The method includes acquiring first values correspondingly from one or more strain sensors in an unladen state of the dump body; activating an actuator to push the dump body against the strain sensors to simulate one or more forces exertable by one or more payloads in a laden state of the dump body; and acquiring second values correspondingly from the strain sensors when the actuator is activated to simulate the forces. Further, the method includes using the first values and the second values to calibrate the process.

Abstract: A method for analyzing the condition of a machine, and an apparatus for analyzing the condition of a machine are described.

Abstract: A sensing system comprising a light filtering apparatus configured to pass a first wavelength of light corresponding to an emission spectrum characteristic of Mercury. The sensing system comprises a sensor configured to receive light passed by the light filtering apparatus and produce a sensor response that is indicative of the light passed by the light filtering apparatus. The sensing system comprises a processor configured to use the sensor response to distinguish between light emitted by a fluorescent light source and light emitted by a light emitting diode.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive device configured to determine an ambient radiation intensity is disclosed. The device includes at least one set of optical filters comprising: a first optical filter having a first passband spanning a portion of a spectrum associated with a radiation-emitting device and a portion of an ambient radiation spectrum; and a second optical filter having a second passband spanning a portion of the spectrum associated with the radiation-emitting device and a portion of the ambient radiation spectrum, the second passband different to the first passband. The device also includes processing circuitry configured to determine, from an intensity of incident radiation sensed using the first and second optical filters and based on the spectrum associated with the radiation-emitting device, a contribution of ambient radiation to the intensity of incident radiation sensed using the first and second optical filters.

Abstract: A system for amplification of optical signals for optical measurement instrumentation is disclosed. The system may include a first logarithmic amplifier circuit in a first amplification path, and a linear amplifier circuit and a second logarithmic amplifier circuit coupled in series in a second amplification path. The first and second amplification paths may receive an input signal from a photodiode and provide amplified signals, in parallel, to a selection circuit, which may select one of the outputs of the first and second amplification paths based on one or two power thresholds. The selection circuit may then provide the selected output to a measurement circuit or device. In some examples, the system may also include a sampling circuit to sample the outputs and an analog-digital conversion circuit to digitize the outputs before selection. The power threshold(s) may be determined based on a saturation level of the linear amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive device is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and circuitry configured to adapt a read-out rate of the plurality of SPADs in relation to an intensity of incident radiation. Also disclosed is an associated method of increasing a dynamic range of a radiation-sensitive device comprising a plurality of SPADs. The method comprises adapting a read-out rate of the plurality of SPADs in relation to an intensity of incident radiation.

Abstract: A light detection device for alerting an external monitoring system is disclosed herein. In an example, a photosensor apparatus is configured to use one or more photosensors to detect when light is emitted from an indicator lamp of a laboratory instrument. An output from the photosensor(s) is configured to cause a change in a relay switch, which sends a signal to a processor of a system monitor, which may be communicatively coupled to a network. After receiving a signal, the processor is configured to cause the system monitor to generate an alert or alarm indicative that at least one platelet sample within the laboratory instrument has tested positive for bacteria. The system monitor may display the alert or alarm via a user interface and/or may transmit one or more messages to client devices indicative of the light illumination.

Abstract: A high-sensitivity light sensor includes a light sensing element, a first integrator, a comparator, and a second integrator. The light sensing element senses a light during a measurement time interval to generate a current. The first integrator integrates the current to generate a first integration signal. The comparator compares the first integration signal with a threshold value. While the first integration signal is greater than the threshold value, the comparison signal is at a first level. The second integrator is coupled to the first integrator and integrates the first integration signal to generate a second integration signal. The light sensor of the present invention uses two integrators to integrate the sensed voltage twice. Therefore, the light sensor of the present invention has a higher sensitivity.

Abstract: An apparatus 5 comprises a first layer 20 comprising a colourimetric indicator; and a second layer 30 provided on at least a portion 22 of the first layer 20, at least a portion of the second layer 30 being configured to block and/or absorb a radiation to which the indicator is sensitive or reactive and being configured to be substantially transparent to visible light.

Abstract: A tiny and portable micro-spectrometer deployable in a bullet-like form that is inexpensive to the point that it can even be disposable is described. The device is based on the micro-spectrometer that uses the Fresnel diffraction principle that allows a tiny implementation with a nanometer resolving power of spectral signal. A bullet-like micro-spectrometer has an integration of a super capacitor as a power source, a charging coil for the super capacitor, an LED or laser diode light source and driver, an analog to digital converter (ADC) circuit, and a telemetry system with antenna string. An LED or laser diode runs in a burst mode to generate deep or vacuum UV to excite target material. When the excited state of target material undergoes a singlet or triplet transition, this transition process yields fluorescence or luminescence which is a material-dependent. The micro-spectrometer senses and uses this spectral emission from material to identify the spectral signature of the targeted material.

Abstract: A wide-field imaging and hyperspectral collaborative early warning system and method are provided. The system includes: a primary imaging system, a digital micromirror array, a first collimation system, a second collimation system, a first reflector, a second reflector, a wide-field imaging optical filter, a narrow-band optical filter, a wide-field imager and a hyperspectral interferometer. The system and method have the advantages that the wide-field imaging general survey and fine spectrum detection can be realized synchronously, the functions are multiple, and the false alarm rate is low; the target spatial resolution of the fine spectrum identification is adjustable, the micro-control unit flipping solution is simple to operate, and quick adjustment is realized; the adaptability is strong, the flipping time of the corresponding micro-control unit is adaptively adjusted for the measured target with too low or too strong radiation intensity, and the dynamic range of the system is effectively improved.

Abstract: In an illustrative configuration, a method for monitoring air quality is disclosed. The method includes accepting analyte gas into a cell and reflecting light rays into the analyte gas repeatedly across the cell into at least one sensor. The light scattered by particulate matter in the analyte gas and amount of spectra-absorption due to presence of a gaseous chemical is then measured. Based on the determined amount of spectra-absorption and the measured scattered light the gaseous chemical is then measured.

Abstract: A method of depositing an epitaxial material layer using pyrometer-based control. The method includes cleaning a reaction chamber of a reactor system, and, after the cleaning, providing a substrate within the reaction chamber. The method includes stabilizing a temperature of the substrate relative to a target deposition temperature. During stabilization, the heater assembly is operated with control signals to operate heaters in the heater assembly that are generated based on a direct measurement of the temperature of the substrate, such as with one to three pyrometers. The method includes, after the stabilizing of the temperature of the substrate, depositing an epitaxial material layer on a surface of the substrate. Then, for an additional number of substrates, the method involves repeating the steps of providing a substrate within the reaction chamber, stabilizing the temperature of the substrate, and depositing an epitaxial material layer on the substrate followed by another chamber cleaning.

Abstract: A structured product, comprising: at least two layers comprising a first layer and a second layer; wherein: the first layer comprises at least one material having a temperature-dependent (e.g., a positive temperature-dependent or a negative temperature-dependent) wavelength-integrated emissivity (?); the second layer comprises at least one reflective material that is reflective to light in an 8-14 ?m wavelength range; and the structured product has a positive temperature-dependent wavelength-integrated emissivity. The structured product is useful in a method for thermal image sensitizing, the method comprising imaging, in an infrared spectrum, the structured product.

Abstract: A thermographic sensor is proposed. The thermographic sensor includes a plurality of sensing elements each comprising at least one thermo-couple. The thermographic sensor is integrated on a semiconductor on insulator body that is patterned to define a grid suspended from a substrate; for each sensing element, the grid has a frame with the cold joint of the thermo-couple, a plate with the hot joint of the thermo-couple and one or more arms sustaining the plate from the frame. The frames include one or more conductive layers of thermally conductive material for thermally equalizing the cold joints with the substrate. Moreover, each sensing element may also include a processing circuit for the thermo-couple that is integrated on the corresponding frame. A thermographic device including the thermographic sensor and a corresponding signal processing circuit, and a system including one or more thermographic devices are also proposed.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring assembly includes a plurality of sensing units that each has an input port and each of the sensing units broadcasts a data signal. A first temperature sensor is pluggable into the input port on a respective one of the sensing units to sense the temperature of a fluid food item. A second temperature sensor has a data cord that is pluggable into the input port on a respective one of the sensing units to sense the temperature of a solid food item. A personal electronic device is included which stores a temperature analysis program. The personal electronic device is in remote communication with the sensing units and the personal electronic device displays temperature data corresponding to each of the sensing units to facilitate a user to remotely monitor the temperature of the food items that each of the sensing units is measuring.

Abstract: A glazing includes a temperature sensing device for measuring the temperature of the glazing. The temperature sensing device is fixed to the glazing through a thermally conductive double-sided tape.

Abstract: A thermocouple sensor and a production method therefor, wherein the thermocouple sensor has a thermocouple body and a stainless steel pipe, wiring metal ends are arranged at both ends of the thermocouple body, there is an opening at one end of the stainless steel pipe and a pore at another end, the thermocouple body inserts into the stainless steel pipe from the opening, and one of the wiring metal ends passes through the pore and is welded with the stainless steel pipe at the pore. The stainless steel pipe is directly changed from a heat transfer component into a heat sensing component, so that after the stainless steel pipe is in contact with the heat, the heat is not required to be transferred to a heat conducting medium and subsequently to the thermocouple.

Abstract: A testing method for a thermal contact between a temperature sensor and a battery cell of a battery module, includes measuring a temperature T1 of the temperature sensor at a time point t1, heating the temperature sensor for a defined time (t2?t1) and/or (t3?t1), measuring a temperature T2 of the temperature sensor at a time point t2 and/or a temperature T3 of the temperature sensor at a time point t3, and determining the thermal contact between the temperature sensor and the battery cell based on at least one of the temperature differences ?T2,1=(T2?T1), ?T3,1=(T3?T1) and ?T3,2=(T3?T2) and a heat transfer coefficient determined thereby. Also, a testing circuit for a temperature sensor of a battery module includes a thermistor with a first node connected to a first supply voltage and a second node connected to ground, a switch interconnected between the first node of the thermistor and a second supply voltage, and an analog-to-digital converter connected in parallel to the thermistor.

Abstract: A method of locating a temperature anomalies of a distributed optical fiber includes the steps of: (a) generating a training dataset having training samples; (b) setting labels for training samples; (c) building a convolutional neural network composed of multi-layer convolutional networks and a fully connected layer, training to form a convolutional neural network model; (d) utilizing a fiber-optic temperature sensing system for measurement of testing object; (e) sending acquired data into the convolutional neural network model to obtain output features, then processing mapping and binarization; (f) offsetting the binary feature to obtain an offset feature and calculating a cosine similarity; and (g) obtaining a location of the abnormal temperature event by identifying the offset feature with a largest cosine similarity and identifying its location in the sequence P.

Abstract: In some examples, optical fiber identification and distance measurement may include utilizing a reflectometer and optical fiber connection device that includes a Rayleigh wavelength pass filter to pass, in one direction, an optical reflectometer signal to an optical fiber. The reflectometer and optical fiber connection device may include a Raman wavelength pass filter to filter out, in another direction, Rayleigh backscattering from the optical reflectometer signal. Further, the Raman wavelength pass filter may pass, in the another direction, a Raman Anti-Stokes signal from the optical fiber.

Abstract: A load sensor includes: a base member; an electrically-conductive elastic body having a band-like shape and disposed on a surface of the base member; an electrically-conductive member disposed so as to be superposed on the electrically-conductive elastic body; a dielectric body provided between the electrically-conductive elastic body and the electrically-conductive member; and a substrate configured to connect the electrically-conductive elastic body and an external circuit. The substrate includes an electrode extending in a width direction and a length direction of the electrically-conductive elastic body, and is fixed to the base member in a state where the electrode is pressed against a surface of the electrically-conductive elastic body.

Abstract: An example aspect of the invention, a target analyzer including at least one processor configured to: acquire reference signal information including at least two reference data measured using a MSS device including a MSS in which a binding substance capable of binding to a target is disposed and a control MSS and a reference solution, acquire identification information of the device that has measured the reference signal information, associate with the reference signal information measured using the device and the identification information of the MSS device, acquire measurement signal information including at least two measurement data measured using the device and a sample solution, acquire identification information of the device that has measured the measurement signal information, associate with the measurement signal information and the identification information, and analyze a target in the sample solution from the reference signal information and the measurement signal information associated with t

Abstract: A sensor and a method of manufacture of a sensor. The sensor includes a body having a groove therein, a first optical fiber and second optical fiber disposed in the groove, and a first layer and second layer bonded in the groove. The groove is formed in the body of the sensor. The first optical fiber is deposited in the groove. The first layer is bonded in the groove to form a first chamber in which the first optical fiber is disposed. The second optical fiber is disposed in the groove. The second layer is bonded in the groove to form a second chamber in which the second optical fiber is disposed.

Abstract: Apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention provide torque realization via electrical measurements traceable to the revised International Standard of Units (SI). Torque can be realized via a conversion of linear mechanism of a Kibble balance to a rotational mechanism. Embodiments of the present invention relates to an electronic torque realization apparatus including a rotor for holding permanent magnets and an encoder scale ring and for coupling to a torque device, a stator for characterizing physical aspects of a torque tool and for generating the torque on rotor in conjunction with the permanent magnets, a base plate for mounting a first end of rotor and stator, a cantilever for supporting a second end of rotor and for maintaining axial alignment, a bearing assembly for supporting the motion of rotor, and encoder for recording the angular position of rotor.

Abstract: A torque sensor (200) includes a sensor unit (222), a resilient body (213), and a detection unit (223). The sensor unit (222) detects, from an output unit that is a rotational body of an actuator, a rotational position in an annular first area positioned at a first distance from a rotation center, and a rotational position in an annular second area positioned at a second distance longer than the first distance from the rotation center. The resilient body (213) is provided between the first area and the second area. The detection unit (223) detects a torque applied to the output unit, on the basis of a result of the detection by the sensor unit (222).

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to weather sensors and particularly, but not exclusively, to devices, methods, and systems related to collecting weather data by measuring bending and compression stresses in a weather sensor device.

Abstract: A tactile sensor has an electrostatic capacitance-type sensor portion having a layered structure in which a first electrode layer, an elastic layer, and a second electrode layer are layered. The first electrode layer has plural first electrodes, and the second electrode layer is configured by one or plural second electrodes in a single layer. Two or more of the plural first electrodes are partially-overlapping electrodes that partially overlap with the second electrode as viewed in a normal direction of a contacting surface of the sensor portion. A number of one or plural openings formed in one of the second electrodes, or a number of one or plural island portions formed by one or plural second electrodes, is less than a number of the plural first electrodes.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a substrate; a cavity provided in the substrate; a cap provided on the substrate and configured to seal the cavity; and a pressure conduit passing through the substrate and held in a hollow inside the cavity, wherein the pressure conduit includes a tubular insulating layer and a piezoelectric material layer, which is provided on an inner surface of the insulating layer and has a hollow portion therein, wherein the pressure conduit has one end closed in an inside of the cavity and the other end opened toward an outside of the substrate, and wherein the pressure sensor detects deformation of the pressure conduit due to a pressure difference between the outside of the substrate and the inside of the cavity as a change in voltage of the piezoelectric material layer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for detecting and determining conditions of and conditions within a fluid conduit.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a Wheatstone bridge and a heat emitting diode. The Wheatstone bridge includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor are coupled to form a loop, the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor are fixed resistors, and the fourth resistor is a varistor. A first output terminal of the Wheatstone bridge is coupled to a first terminal of the heat emitting diode, and a second output terminal of the Wheatstone bridge and a second terminal of the heat emitting diode are configured to output an electrical signal.

Abstract: Provided is a particle trapping apparatus for preventing an error of a pressure measurement. A particle trapping apparatus for preventing an error of a pressure measurement includes a pressure-measuring means; a measuring pipe for connecting the pressure-measuring means to a processing chamber; and a trapping means for capturing particles in a gas flowing through the measuring pipe, wherein the trapping means is coupled to the measuring pipe or is a portion of the measuring pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a characteristic adjustment system of pressure detection output including an input tool that, in operation, performs an input operation by being brought into contact with an input surface and that includes a pressure detector that, in operation, detects a pressure applied to a portion of the input tool in contact with the input surface, a detection device that, in operation, generates pressure detection output by acquiring information regarding the pressure detected by the pressure detector of the input tool, a load measurement device that, in operation, measures a load applied to the input tool, and an adjustment device that, in operation, adjusts the pressure detection output from the detection device such that the pressure detection output has characteristics in a predetermined relation to a load measurement result from the load measurement device.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided a moisture detection system that includes: a moisture detection unit including: a moisture sensor configured to obtain a measurement that indicates an amount of moisture, and a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) module coupled to the moisture sensor through multiple wires, where the RFID module includes an antenna and is configured to wirelessly transmit a telemetry message based on the measurement from the moisture sensor through the antenna and is further configured to wirelessly receive energy for powering the moisture detection unit through the antenna; and a control unit communicatively coupled to the moisture detection unit, where the control unit is configured to wirelessly receive the telemetry message from the RFID module and process the telemetry message to determine the amount of moisture measured by the moisture sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor device for detecting a leakage, in particular for a water-bearing household appliance, the sensor device comprising a base device and a detector device, the detector device being arranged on the base device by means of at least one first releasable non-positive and/or positive connection, the detector device detecting a change in an electrical parameter in a measuring chamber or a measuring element of the base device, the detector device having a first housing which can be closed in a sealed manner and in which a self-sufficient power supply device and a circuit arrangement are arranged, the circuit arrangement comprising a communication device.

Abstract: A leak detecting device for a fluid filled vessel including (1) a housing having a continuous perimeter edge sized to extend around an underwater surface; (2) a tube extending through an aperture of the housing, having a first end on an first side of the housing and a second end on a second side of the housing; (3) an anchoring attachment secured to the first end of the tube; (4) a resilient member secured to the perimeter edge of the housing and adapted to contact and form a seal between the housing and the underwater surface; and (5) an opening through an entirety of a wall of the housing, wherein the opening is accessible from the second side of the housing.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a fuel system. In one example, a method includes adjusting a threshold of a diagnostic based on a distance between a fuel tank and a ground surface. The distance is inferred based on a vehicle weight.

Abstract: A monitoring and measuring device for an air supply system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, includes a compressor which is designed to provide compressed air; a defined volume which is situated downstream of the compressor; a shut-off valve which is situated downstream of the defined volume; a pressure sensor which is provided at any desired position on the pressure line between the compressor and the shut-off valve and is configured to measure the pressure that builds in the defined volume. A first or second air drying device, for example, is used as the defined volume. The pressure curve measured by the pressure sensor can indicate whether there is a fault or a leak. A method for monitoring and for measuring parameters of an air supply system of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle is also provided.

Abstract: A testing method that includes the steps of evacuating air from a container to a negative atmospheric pressure, the container being a collapsible, flexible container, and comprising at least two opposing flexible walls, wherein a surface of at least one of the walls internal to the container comprises a plurality of channels or recessed features on said at least one wall and monitoring a mass flow or a state of vacuum so as to determine the integrity of the container. The container can be of any size or conformation, with or without attached fittings.

Abstract: Provided is an optical fiber sensor that is capable of highly accurately detecting an abnormality in a structure from vibration information. This optical fiber sensor includes an optical fiber that is laid in the vicinity of a structure, a light source for introducing pulsed light of a specific period into the optical fiber, and an optical sensor for detecting return light that has been obtained as a result of the introduction of the pulsed light into the optical fiber. The structure is determined to have an abnormality if the spectral centroid of vibration information exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A vibration generation device which can vibrate in only one axial direction is used to simultaneously load a vibration force in a plurality of axial directions onto a test piece, and to make it possible to easily modify the proportion of vibration force in each axial direction.

Abstract: A lensmeter capable of measuring near-infrared ray transmittance of an eyeglass lens by adding a near-infrared ray measurement function to the lensmeter. The lensmeter includes a near-infrared ray transmittance measuring unit that includes a light emitting unit including a near-infrared ray light source for irradiating a measured lens with a near-infrared ray; and a light receiving unit including a near-infrared ray sensor for measuring a near-infrared ray transmittance of the measured lens by detecting an intensity of the near-infrared ray passing through the measured lens, and is located at one end of a housing of the lensmeter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling module for a drive train test stand for connecting an articulated shaft to a driveshaft. The coupling module includes a wheel rim and a wheel cap. The wheel rim can be rotationally fixed to the driveshaft. The wheel cap has a base surface and a lateral wall. The wheel cap can be rotationally fixed to the articulated shaft. A vehicle wheel is arranged on the wheel rim, the trad of the wheel being in frictional contact with the inner face of the lateral wall of the wheel cap. Also disclosed is a corresponding output module for a drive train test stand and to a drive train test stand for testing a vehicle drive train.

Abstract: A failure diagnosis apparatus includes a controller to control drive of a motor, a wear estimator to estimate an amount of wear of a bearing of the motor based on a current that flows in the motor, and a failure notification unit to diagnose a failure of the motor based on the amount of wear of the bearing of the motor estimated by the wear estimator and to notify a user. When the wear estimator estimates the amount of wear of the bearing of the motor, the controller controls drive of the motor such that the motor is driven in a constant state.

Abstract: A microtome includes a blade; and a knife holder. The blade has a cutting edge configured to section a specimen block. The knife holder includes a base, a pressure plate and a frame. The pressure plate is connected to the base, and the pressure plate is adjustable relative to the base to clamp the blade between base and the pressure plate. The frame includes at least one limb and a bridge extending from the at least one limb parallel to the cutting edge. The bridge is proximate the cutting edge, the bridge and the blade cooperatively define a first gap therebetween, and the bridge and the pressure plate cooperatively define a second gap therebetween.