Abstract: An interactive toy system is shown and described. The toy system can include a container forming a receptacle and having a top opening and a carriage. The carriage is disposed in the receptacle and rotatable about an axis between a first position and a second position. The carriage has a first receiving space and a second receiving space. The first receiving space is accessible through the top opening when the carriage is in the first position and inaccessible when the carriage is in the second position. The second receiving space is accessible through the top opening when the carriage is in the second position and inaccessible when the carriage is in the first position. The toy system can include a fog system configured to generate fog within the container. The fog obfuscating the first receiving space.

Abstract: A toy water ball includes at least two shells that are enclosable to form a water storage cavity, each of the shells including: a mounting frame, a magnetic member and a water pocket mounted on the mounting frame. The mounting frame includes a first surface and a second surface oppositely arranged in a thickness direction thereof. When the shells are enclosed to form the water storage cavity, magnetic members of adjacent shells attract each other, and second surfaces of adjacent shells abut each other. The mounting frame is provided with an accommodation groove, a notch of the accommodation groove is located on the first surface, the magnetic member is installed in the accommodation groove, and the water pocket is connected to the first surface, and covers the notch of the accommodation groove on the first surface to seal the magnetic member in the mounting frame.

Abstract: A 3-dimensional object may contain tunnels passing through the object so that when the object rotates, if the object is viewed from a certain angle, the tunnel is only visible for the moment that the tunnel is pointed directly at the viewer's eye. This system of tunnels can be used to create an animated system of dots when the shape rotates, and the dots can be positioned so that they create the animated illusion of dots moving along the surface of the shape in the opposite of the true direction of rotation.

Abstract: A bubble producing toy which can be made from a single sheet of plastic and a handle. In one embodiment, the same single sheet of plastic can also be used to form the handle as well. The sheet of plastic has one or more diaphragm holes which become bubble producing holes when dipped in bubble solution and the handle has finger holes for the user to hold the toy. When the same single sheet of plastic is also used for the handle, the sheet of plastic is folded so that it attaches to itself in order to form the handle. When the diaphragm holes are placed in bubble solution and the bubble producing toy is blown at or waved or shaken back and forth through the air, bubbles are produced.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing one or more pesticides from a cannabis product are provided. The method includes dissolving, in a solvent, a cannabis product including one or more pesticides, forming a dissolved solution, and cooling the dissolved solution to a cooling temperature, causing the cannabis product to precipitate from the dissolved solution, wherein, at the cooling temperature, the one or more pesticides remain dissolved in the dissolving solution. The method further includes removing the precipitated cannabis product from the dissolving solution. The disclosed method is suitable for removing one or more pesticides from various cannabis products containing natural cannabinoids, cannabinoids acetates, cannabinoid carboxylates, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for forming eutectic extracts, processes for purifying eutectic extracts and uses of the eutectic extracts such as in food-stuffs, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and supplements, such as food supplements and sports supplements.

Abstract: A filtering process can comprise providing a dispersion comprising a liquid and a plurality of particles contained in the liquid; moving an object relative to the dispersion; selectively removing at least a portion of the plurality of particles from the dispersion to obtain a plurality of separated particles attached to the object. In a further embodiment, an assembly for separating particles from a dispersion can comprise a chamber including a dispersion, the dispersion comprising a liquid and a plurality of particles; a movable object, the object being adapted for moving through the chamber and adsorbing at least a portion of the plurality of particles during moving; a first construction adapted for moving the object relative to the dispersion at a controlled moving speed, and a second construction adapted for removing and collecting from the object a plurality of separated particles from the dispersion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

Abstract: A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.

Abstract: A container for receiving and holding effluent water containing oil/grease to be removed including a sealed enclosure. In one example, a cover supports a partially immersed rotatable disk; a drive on the main sectional cover rotates the disk; a trough on the main sectional cover straddles the disk; and a blade on the trough scrapes a side of the disk, to direct oil and grease from the disk along the scraper blade along the trough for collection in a storage container. Efficiencies of construction of the sectional covers, disk and a sensor probe are disclosed in some examples. Also disclosed are apparatus, system and methods for a sealed container for receiving and holding effluent water containing oil/grease to be removed.

Abstract: A clarifier can comprise a floor, inner and outer walls that each extends upwardly from the floor such that a tank is at least partially defined by the inner wall and a launder channel is at least partially defined between the inner and outer walls and is disposed along at least a majority of a periphery of the tank. A launder cover comprising one or more flexible sheets can be disposed over at least a majority of the launder channel. Each of the sheet(s) can have opposing inner and outer edges, the inner edge coupled to the inner wall and the outer edge coupled to the outer wall, and can be configured such that, when a single one of the inner and outer edges is decoupled from the inner and outer walls, the sheet is deformable to at least partially uncover the launder channel.

Abstract: Fibrous porous filter elements formed by joining two fibrous porous sections, porous filters comprising the joined sections, filter baskets and filter devices comprising the elements and filters, methods of making the filter elements and filters, and methods of filtration using the filter elements and filters, are disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and methods for filtering, drying, and mechanically processing active pharmaceutical ingredients are generally described.

Abstract: A filtration device includes a container, a channel member, and a filter. The container has a space of variable volume that contains a liquid, the liquid including a target substance to be separated by filtration. The channel member includes a channel and an opening that are defined therein, the opening being provided at a position along the channel in a direction transverse to the direction in which the channel extends. The channel member has an attachment part to which the container is attached and which provides communication between the space in the container and the channel. The filter is attached inside the channel member and positioned at the opening.

Abstract: A rotating irrigation screen apparatus includes a frame, a panel coupleable to the frame, a drum, and a belt tensioner. An upper portion of the frame may have a mounting bracket that receives a motor/gear box. The drum may include one or more screen panels that may be removably attachable. The belt tensioner may include a first bolt that receives a first bracket with a belt guide roller. The belt tensioner may be configured to interact with the motor, the belt, and the drum. The belt tensioner may increase or decrease the tension of the belt that wraps around the drum.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus is configured to receive pressurized fluid from a pump. The filtering apparatus has a main inlet, a main outlet, and a filtering branch comprising a first filter. An agitator of a tank from which the pump draws is configured to receive fluid flow from the filtering branch via a proportional valve and an inlet connection. A method of operating a filtering system includes influencing fluid flow from a tank to one or more nozzles via a filtering apparatus; and diverting a portion of the fluid flow through plural filters of a different mesh size back to an agitating mechanism through a lower portion of the tank.

Abstract: An oil filter for an oil filtration system. The filter is configured for insertion into an oil filtration unit. The filter comprises a central opening extending along a central axis of the filter, at least one second physical structure having a second cross sectional shape and a predefined longitudinal length in relation to the central axis of the filter, and an inner periphery of the second physical structure being arranged to mate with the outer periphery of the first physical structure allowing the filter to reach its correct insertion position in the oil filtration unit by the second physical structure at least partly surrounding the first physical structure. The end surface of the filter relative to the central axis of the filter comprises the second physical structure, and the second physical structure comprises a material configured to serve as a filtering material of the filter.

Abstract: A filtration assembly includes a filter housing and a filter element. The filter housing includes a base and a cover including an underside having one or more retainer features. The cover is removably coupled to the base. The filter element is removably installed within the base when the cover is coupled to the base. The filter element includes filter media and an endplate coupled to one end of the filter media. The endplate includes an outer perimeter and one or more engagement features protruding from the outer perimeter. The one or more engagement features engage the one or more retainer features in the cover upon installation of the endplate into the cover, thereby coupling the endplate to the cover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting physical properties of an amorphous porous material which may predict an acoustic physical property value and an absorption coefficient from parameters of an amorphous porous material, and may estimate the acoustic characteristics with the amorphous porous material which is an amorphous specimen even without separately producing a formalized specimen such as a cylindrical specimen or a flat specimen. Further, the method for predicting physical properties of the amorphous porous material may estimate the acoustic physical properties through the analysis of a three-dimensional pore connection structure, which is a microstructure of an amorphous specimen, even without acoustic impedance, thereby estimating the acoustic physical properties which accurately reflect the characteristics of the actual specimen.

Abstract: A facepiece charging device comprising a receptacle system, an electrostatic charging system, and a support structure. The receptacle system is configured to detachably receive and secure a facepiece. The electrostatic charging system is configured to transfer an electrostatic charge to the facepiece when energized. The support structure has a moveable guide system coupled to at least one of the receptacle system or the electrostatic charging system. The moveable guide system has at least an engaged position where the receptacle system is adjacent the electrostatic charging system to electrostatically charge the facepiece and a disengaged position where the receptacle system is spaced from the electrostatic charging system.

Abstract: A ventilation assembly and an air conditioning apparatus are provided. The ventilation assembly includes: a volute, a surface of the volute being provided with a mounting port; a filter assembly arranged in the mounting port or in a portion of the volute adjacent to the mounting port; and a sealing member arranged with the mounting port or with the portion of the volute adjacent to the mounting port, and configured to seal a gap between the filter assembly and the mounting port.

Abstract: A high capacity and high efficiency vapor-liquid contacting apparatus and process is useful in distillation columns and other vapor-liquid contacting processes. The apparatus is characterized by a half module comprising a downcomer against a shell of a vessel for transporting liquid to a subjacent stage which utilizes a demister to effect vapor-liquid separation at the downcomer outlet.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter includes a pillar-shaped honeycomb structure body having a porous partition wall disposed to surround a plurality of cells and a plugging portion. The partition wall defining outflow cells includes an exhaust-gas purifying catalyst at least at a part of a region of 0 to 80% of a thickness of the partition wall and includes a portion that does not include the exhaust-gas purifying catalyst in a region of exceeding 80% and being 100% or less of the thickness of the partition wall, and the partition wall defining the inflow cells is not loaded with the exhaust-gas purifying catalyst on the surface, or is loaded with the exhaust-gas purifying catalyst so that a percentage of a ratio of an area of a range loaded with the exhaust-gas purifying catalyst to a surface area of the partition wall defining the inflow cells is 10% or less.

Abstract: An air filter media construction or arrangement is disclosed. The air filter media construction or arrangement includes facing media secured to fluted media. A preferred projection/receiver arrangement is described. Also, a useful seal arrangement is described. Air cleaner assemblies, methods of assembly and use are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid filter apparatus for gas/solid separation includes a housing with a filter chamber, a semiconductor process gas inlet, and a process gas outlet. The filter chamber forms a liquid reservoir, and the semiconductor process gas inlet and the process gas outlet are in communication with the filter chamber. The housing further includes a filter liquid inlet and a filter liquid outlet, which are in communication with the liquid reservoir for delivering and removing filter fluid, respectively, to and from the liquid reservoir.

Abstract: A vacuum assisted pressure swing adsorption device for purifying oxygen from air, comprising: a first adsorption bed of LiLSX adsorbent and second adsorption bed of AgLiLSX adsorbent, wherein the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are connected to each other in series. A method for producing medical oxygen using a vacuum assisted pressure swing adsorption device comprising: a first adsorption bed of LiLSX adsorbent and second adsorption bed of AgLiLSX adsorbent, wherein the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are connected to each other in series.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biocompatible task specific hybrid solvent (TSHS) composition that synergistically increases the carbon capture efficiency and utilizes less energy for CO2 desorption over the existing solutions. Further, the process of synthesizing such composition is discussed in this disclosure. Also, the present disclosure provides a process that involves a task specific hybrid solvent (TSHS) composition for selective capturing CO2 from any gaseous stream.

Abstract: A low cost, high selectivity asymmetric polyimide/polyethersulfone (PES) blend hollow fiber membrane, a method of making the membrane and its use for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations such as deep desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels, ethanol/water separations, pervaporation dehydration of aqueous/organic mixtures, CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, H2/CH4, He/CH4, O2/N2, H2S/CH4, olefin/paraffin, iso/normal paraffins separations, and other light gas mixture separations. The polyimide/PES blend hollow fiber membrane is fabricated from a blend of a polyimide polymer and PES and showed surprisingly unique gas separation property with higher selectivities than either the polyimide hollow fiber membrane without PES polymer or the PES hollow fiber membrane without PES polymer for gas separations such as for H2/CH4, He/CH4, H2S/CH4, CO2/CH4 separations.

Abstract: Plant and method for the separation of a gas mixture containing a plurality of gaseous components, comprising first and second membrane-based separation stages and a third gas separation stage with adsorption with oscillating pressure, the first, second and third gas separation stages acting in combination to obtain a first final flow of gas enriched in a first component of the initial gas mixture, for example methane, and a second final flow of gas, enriched in a second component of the initial gas mixture, for example carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A low-temperature plasma reactor having an adaptive rotating electrode includes a frame. A reaction tube is arranged inside the frame. A fixing cover is arranged on each of two sides of the frame. The fixing cover defines a through hole communicating with an inside of the reaction tube. The through hole in one of the two sides serves as an air inlet hole, and the through hole in the other one of the two sides serves as an air outlet hole. A rotatable inner electrode is arranged inside the reaction tube, a plurality of groups of discharging needles are arranged on a surface of the inner electrode. A rotating fan is arranged on the inner electrode and is disposed on a side of the air inlet hole. The gas flow drives the inner electrode and the discharging needles to rotate, and a motor drive is not required.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic-free, metal-containing zeolite Beta with a silica-to-alumina ratio (SAR) ranging from 5 and 20, and a metal content of at least 0.5 wt. %. There is also disclosed a method of making such a zeolite Beta without organic structure directing agent (SDA). The metal, which may comprise Fe or Cu, can be found in amounts ranging from 1-10 wt. %. A method of selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases using the disclosed zeolite is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing an ethanol solution includes obtaining, from a starting liquid, a liquid feed having less than by weight of constituents and having 3% to 25% by weight of ethanol, supplying the liquid feed to a feed stream inlet of a reverse osmosis separation system having a first pass, wherein (i) each pass has an reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit, each membrane filtration unit having an ethanol rejection percentage of between 50% to 99%, and (ii) each pass has the feed stream inlet for a feed stream, a permeate stream outlet for a permeate stream, and a retentate stream outlet for a retentate stream, operating the system to maintain pressure in one of the membrane filtration units in a range of 1,200 to 4,000 psi, and obtaining retentate that is enriched with ethanol, the retentate differs from the starting liquid by absence of the removed constituents.

Abstract: Systems and methods used to control tangential flow filtration are provided, including control systems and methods for use with connected systems with upstream processing units, such as chromatography processing units, in fluid communication with a tangential flow filtration processing unit. Also included are control systems and methods for performing continuous concentration using single-pass tangential flow filtration with permeate flow control.

Abstract: A connecting mechanism (1) for a cartridge-type replaceable module (2) that has at least one fluid port (2a,2b) at each of opposite sides of the module (2) in a longitudinal direction of the module (2). The connecting mechanism (1) comprises two connector elements (3) spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the module (2) and each provided with at least one fluid connector (3b) configured to releasably inter-engage with a complementary fluid port (2a,2b) of the module (2) at the respective side thereof, wherein at least one of the connector elements (3) is movable to perform a translational movement in the longitudinal direction of the module (2).

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: Porous membranes are provided according to the invention having desirable coefficient of thermal expansion and large surface area, for example at least about 4,000 mm2. These porous membranes may be made according to an exemplary process employing lithographic patterning of a photoresist followed by development of the photoresist and etching. In one aspect, the etch barrier layer is chosen from a material that does not react with or incorporate metal or other contaminants into the membrane layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a CMS membrane, characterized in that it is obtainable by pyrolysis of a polyimide composed of the monomers 1-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-inden-5-amine and 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione of the following formulae: preferably by pyrolysis of the polyimide having the CAS number 62929-02-6, and a supported CMS membrane comprising a CMS membrane obtainable from a polyimide by pyrolysis and a porous support, characterized in that a mesoporous intermediate layer is provided between the CMS membrane and the porous support. Further disclosed are a process for preparing the supported membrane, the use of the membranes for separating gas mixtures or liquid mixtures, an apparatus for gas separation or for liquid separation, and the use of the polyimide for preparing a CMS membrane by pyrolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of composite membranes formed by a tailored selective chemical modification of an ultra-thin nanoporous surface layer of a semi-crystalline mesoporous poly (aryl ether ketone) membrane with graded density pore structure. The composite separation layer is synthesized in situ on the poly (aryl ether ketone) substrate surface and is covalently linked to the surface of the semi-crystalline mesoporous poly (aryl ether ketone) membrane. Hollow fiber configuration is the preferred embodiment of forming the functionalized the poly (aryl ether ketone) membranes. Composite poly (aryl ether ketone) membranes of the present invention are particularly useful for a broad range of fluid separation applications, including organic solvent ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to separate and recover active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for isolating one or more genetic elements encoding a gene product having a desired activity, comprising the steps of: (a) compartmentalising genetic elements into microcapsules; and (b) sorting the genetic elements which express the gene product having the desired activity; wherein at least one step is under microfluidic control. The invention enables the in vitro evolution of nucleic acids and proteins by repeated mutagenesis and iterative applications of the method of the invention.

Abstract: A submersible agitator device for circulating drinking water includes a submersible motor including a cylindrical housing, from one end of which there extends a shaft, a hyperboloid agitator mounted on the shaft, a frame with a plurality of supports extending along the housing and connected to the housing, wherein the supports have radially outwardly angled bend portions, which extend over a peripheral edge of the hyperboloid agitator body in order to support the frame on a base, and a flow-guiding element, which is annular in plan view and which is mounted on the bend portions of the supports.

Abstract: A method for processing a fluid includes removably securing a retention member to a vessel that bounds a chamber; inserting a collapsible bag within the chamber of the vessel; securing the bag to the retention member so that the bag is supported within the chamber of the vessel; and dispensing a fluid into a compartment of the collapsible bag supported within the chamber of the vessel. The fluid can be mixed within bag while the bag is disposed within the vessel.

Abstract: A method for dosing an injection product into a base product, in particular, for the production of a finishing and/or protective paint product, including the following steps: (a) supply of a mixing device, (b) establishment of a continuous flow of base product, (c) injection of the injection product into the continuous flow for a given time, (d) measurement of the amount of injection product injected, (e) calculation of a desired amount of base product based on the amount of injection product injected, steps (c), (d) and (e) being repeated when the amount of base product having passed since the start of step (c) is equal to the amount of base product desired, the injection product being injected into the base product only during step (c).

Abstract: A mixer including a first inlet channel, a second inlet channel, a third inlet channel, and a first dividing wall between the first inlet channel and the second inlet channel. A first opening and a second opening are formed in the first dividing wall. The mixer further includes a second dividing wall between the second inlet channel and the third inlet channel with a third opening and a fourth opening formed in the second dividing wall. The first opening is aligned with the third opening along a first axis and the second opening is aligned with the fourth opening along a second axis.

Abstract: In the hydrochlorination reaction, silicon tetrachloride (STC), metallurgical silicon, and hydrogen are converted to trichlorosilane (TCS) at about 540° C. Previously, a pilot-scale reactor was used to study the yield of TCS produced by the hydrochlorination reaction. The yield observed by experimentation compared favorably with a scalable mathematical model developed to predict the rate of TCS conversion. The model predicted that 90% of the final amount of TCS produced was achieved after the reactant gas traveled a quarter of the vertical distance in the reaction section of the reactor. The pilot-scale reactor was shortened to verify the model predictions. In addition, some catalytic effects on the reaction were studied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oligomerization process implemented in a gas/liquid reactor comprising a headspace recycle loop. The process more particularly relates to the oligomerization of ethylene to linear alpha-olefins such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene or a mixture of linear alpha-olefins.

Abstract: This disclosure demonstrates a new method to produce three dimensional multiphasic structures, including bijels, via vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS). In VIPS, the evaporation of the co-solvent from a ternary mixture of oil, water and ethanol, induces phase separation. Particles present in the mixture attach to the interface and arrest the phase separation between water and oil. VIPS enables, inter alia, the fabrication of films and coatings via spreading or spraying particle-laden suspension onto a surface without the need for an outer aqueous phase.

Abstract: A preparation method of the microcapsules for low-temperature well cementation to be used to control cement hydration heat includes: (S1) a shell material, and added into deionized water, then the resultant mixture being stirred in a thermostat water bath so as to completely dissolve it into a homogeneous and stable shell material solution; (S2) a core material and an emulsifier being put into a three-necked flask and stirred in a thermostat water bath so as to uniformly emulsify and disperse them, forming a stable oil-in-water core material emulsion, while adjusting the pH value of the emulsion with a pH adjuster; (S3) the three-necked flask containing the core material emulsion being transferred to a water bath, and then the shell material solution being dropwise added into it with stirring, after reacting, a solid-liquid mixture being poured out so as to naturally cool it to room temperature.

Abstract: Provided herein is a first fluid dispersed in a second fluid to form an emulsion of micro-droplets having an average droplet size and having a droplet size distribution around the average droplet size and below a maximum droplet size. The micro-droplets will lose their solvent to transform to micro-spheres exhibiting a particle size distribution around an average particle size and substantially below a maximum allowable particle size. The micro-spheres are subjected to a micro-filter having a relatively narrow pore size distribution around an average pore size, which average pore size is between the average particle size and the maximum particle size. A filtrate of the micro-filter comprises a majority of the micro-spheres that is substantially void of micro-spheres having a particle size exceeding the maximum allowable particle size.

Abstract: A device for magnetic field-assisted simulation of zero-microgravity flame synthesis of nanoparticles includes a gradient magnetic field device, a combustor and a product collection device. The gradient magnetic field device is composed of two magnetic field devices arranged face to face. The combustor is located between the two magnetic field devices. The outlet of the combustor is vertically upward. The position is below the magnetic field center of the gradient magnetic field device. The body force acting on the flame and surrounding magnetic species thereof by the gradient magnetic field device counteracts the gravitational buoyancy lift effect, so that flame synthesis is carried out under a simulated zero/microgravity flame to prepare the nanoparticles. The device is able to use a gradient magnetic field to simulate the zero/microgravity flame on the ground to synthesize the nanoparticles under special flame characteristics, with reduced flame disturbance, improved stability, and no overheated region.

Abstract: A highly adsorptive structure includes: a substrate; and a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising a plurality of metal atoms coordinated to a plurality of organic spacer molecules; wherein the MOF is coupled to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the MOF is configured to adsorb and desorb a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions. The refrigerant includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.