Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for patient-specific modeling of hemodynamic parameters in coronary arteries. Example methods may include performing computational fluid dynamics simulations using a patient-specific coronary artery anatomical model derived from medical imaging data and patient-specific boundary conditions derived from a continuously recorded blood pressure waveform to determine patient-specific hemodynamic parameters in a patient's coronary arteries.

Abstract: A spine measurement system comprises an optical measurement probe, one or more targets, a fluoroscope, and a remote station. A-P and lateral images of the spine are taken using the fluoroscope and provided to the remote station. The remote station includes computer vision that can identify endplates and pedicle screws in the spine. The computer vision in the remote station is further used to identify vertebra and bone landmarks of the spine. The remote station can generate quantitative measurement data such as Cobb angles and axial rotation of the spine from the fluoroscope images that correspond to the spine deformity. The optical measurement probe can send images of the spine with pedicle screw extenders extending from the pedicle screws to the remote station. The remotes station using computer vision can provide spine metrics in real-time by tracking position of the pedicle screw extenders.

Abstract: A system for determining a location for a surgical procedure, having a 3D spatial mapping camera, the 3D spatial mapping camera configured to map a bone. The system also includes a marker attached to a distal end section of the bone, such that the 3D spatial mapping camera is configured to capture a plurality of images of the marker as the bone is rotated in a non-linear path. The images also include data identifying a location of the marker. The system also includes a computer system that receives the data from the images captured by the 3D spatial mapping camera and determines a location of a mechanical axis of the bone, and a mixed reality display, where the computer system is configured to send the location of the mechanical axis to the mixed reality display and the mixed reality display is configured to provide a virtual display of the mechanical axis of the bone.

Abstract: The present teachings generally provide for a surgical navigation system for use with an x-ray imaging device. The x-ray imaging device acquires x-ray images of an anatomical structure of interest at an angular position. The surgical navigation system includes a localizer with a tracking sensor, a gravity vector sensor coupled to the tracking sensor, a tracking device configured to be coupled to the C-arm so as to be movable with the C-arm between a plurality of angular positions. The tracking device comprises a tracking element detectable by the tracking sensor. A computer processor is operatively coupled with the localizer and configured to implement an imaging routine that receives tracking data from the tracking sensor and a gravity vector from the gravity vector sensor, generating an image vector indicative of the angular position at which the x-ray image was acquired.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an approach to a target includes a luminal device including a distal portion, a sensor coupled to the distal portion of the luminal device, and a surgical instrument including one or more indicators having a detectable property located along at least a portion of the surgical instrument. The luminal device is configured to be inserted into a patient, and the distal portion of the luminal device is configured to be guided proximate a target. The sensor is configured to sense the detectable property of the one or more indicators. The surgical instrument is configured to be guided through the luminal device.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to robotic surgical systems for improving surgical procedures. In certain embodiments, the disclosed technology relates to robotic surgical systems for use in osteotomy procedures in which bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change alignment of a bone structure. The osteotome, an instrument for removing parts of the vertebra, is guided by the surgical instrument guide which is held by the robot. In certain embodiments, the robot moves only in the “locked” plane (one of the two which create the wedge—i.e., the portion of the bone resected during the osteotomy). In certain embodiments, the robot shall prevent the osteotome (or other surgical instrument) from getting too deep/beyond the tip of the wedge. In certain embodiments, the robotic surgical system is integrated with neuromonitoring to prevent damage to the nervous system.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for detecting a position of an object with a robot surgical system having an articulable, separable camera stand. The surgical robot system may include a robot having a robot base with a robot arm and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector, surgical instruments, the patient, other objects, or any combination thereof, may be tracked via active and/or passive tracking markers. A camera, such as an infrared camera, a bifocal camera or a stereophotogrammetric infrared camera, is mounted on a separable camera stand and is able to detect the tracking markers when in use. Using the camera, the robot determines a position of the object from the tracking markers, which may be a three-dimensional position of the object or the markers. When convenient, the camera base may be assembled into the robot base, e.g., by sliding the camera base into the robot.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flexible surgical instrument system, comprising: a flexible surgical instrument comprising: a distal structural body comprising at least one distal structural segment comprising a distal fixing disk and structural backbones; a proximal structural body comprising at least one proximal structural segment comprising a proximal fixing disk, structural backbones, and driving backbones, the structural backbones of the distal structural segment being securely connected to or the same as corresponding structural backbones of the proximal structural segment; and a driving unit comprising a plurality of linear motion mechanisms operable to cooperatively push-pull the driving backbones to turn the proximal structural segment, each linear motion mechanism comprising an input end to receive a first linear motion; and a sterile barrier disposed at a proximal side of the plurality of linear motion mechanisms and operable to transfer the first linear motions to the input ends, respectively.

Abstract: A robotic catheter system includes an arch-shaped suspension system comprising a first and second vertical span, a horizontal span between the pair of vertical spans, and at least one robotic catheter head coupled to the horizontal span. The arch-shaped suspension system can include a pair of linear guide blocks that can be attached to a patient bed and in some embodiments the linear guide blocks can be configured to slidably move along a rail. The arch-shaped suspension system can be moved to allow for proper placement of the arch-shaped suspension system for use on a patient or for placing the system away from a patient or for storage. In some embodiments the robotic catheter system can include a suspension system cart for storing and moving the arch-shaped suspension system.

Abstract: In an example, there is provided a method for manipulating a robotic surgery tool, the method comprising: applying tension to a first pull wire to cause a first link of a joint device of the tool to pivot in a first plane relative to a yoke attached to the first link; and applying tension to a second pull wire to cause a second link attached to the yoke to pivot in a second plane orthogonal to the first plane.

Abstract: A system and process is provided for dynamically positioning or repositioning a robot in a surgical context based on workspace and task requirements, manipulator requirements, or user preferences to execute a surgical plan. The system and method accurately determines and indicates an optimal position for a robot with respect to a patient's anatomy before or during a surgical procedure. Optimal positions for a robot are intuitively indicated to a user. surgical procedures can illustratively include surgery to the knee joint, hip joint, spine, shoulder joint, elbow joint, ankle joint, jaw, a tumor site, joints of the hand or foot, and other appropriate surgical sites.

Abstract: A teleoperational assembly is disclosed which includes an operator control system and a plurality of manipulators configured to control the movement of medical instruments in a surgical environment. The manipulators are teleoperationally controlled by the operator control system. The system further includes a processing unit configured to display an image of a field of view of the surgical environment, determine association information about the manipulators and the operator control system, and display badges near the medical instruments in the image of the field of view of the surgical environment. The badges display the association information for the medical instrument they appear associated with.

Abstract: Provided are systems and techniques for a medical procedure. For example, the system may include one or more robotic arms, an imaging device, a master controller, a viewer configured to render one or more digital images based on image data from the imaging device, at least one computer-readable memory having stored thereon executable instructions, and one or more processors. The one or more processors may be configured to execute the instructions to cause the system to: in a first mode of operation, cause movement of at least one of the robotic arms; and in a second mode of operation, cause the viewer to display an interactive menu and a graphical overlay on the one or more digital images.

Abstract: A manipulator includes a first member, a second member that supports the first member such that the first member can rotate about a first rotation axis, a driven portion connected to the first member, which moves on a circumference with respect to the first rotation axis as a center in accordance with a rotation operation of the first member, a flexible member that provides, by a reciprocating operation, a force to drive the driven portion, and a change unit including an arc guide surface, which changes a path of the flexible member in accordance with the rotation operation of the first member. The arc guide surface is arranged to maintain a path length of the flexible member in the reciprocating operation during the rotation operation of the first member.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices for determining a baseline for an individual. The methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices may include a first memory device for computer storage. The methods, systems, apparatuses, and/or devices may include a processing device coupled to the first memory device, where the processing device is configured to: receive profile information for a user; generate a user profile based on the profile information; query a set of baseline profiles stored at the first memory device or a second memory device to identify a subset of baseline profiles; aggregate baseline profile information from the first baseline profile and baseline profile information from the second baseline profile to obtain an aggregated baseline profile; and set a baseline for a physiological parameter of the user from which to measure against for the physiological parameter, wherein the baseline is based on the physiological parameter of the aggregated baseline profile.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for remote medical monitoring. In one implementation, a method includes monitoring a first medical condition of an individual, the monitoring being initiated remotely by a monitoring service, receiving a query relating to a second medical condition of the individual, transmitting a response to the query to the monitoring service, receiving a prompt from the monitoring service, and transmitting a response to the prompt to the monitoring service. The query is received from the monitoring service. The prompt is designed to provoke a particular action.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter is described. The pulse oximeter includes at least a sensor component, an engine, a display, and a microphone. The sensor component includes a receiving portion configured to receive a finger of an individual therein, an emitter component configured to emit light at one or more wavelengths into a tissue of the finger of the individual, and a detector component configured to detect the light originating from the emitter component that emanates from the tissue of the finger of the individual after passing through the tissue. The engine is configured to calculate physiological parameters for the individual based on data received from the sensor component. The engine includes a memory housing a first user profile associated with a first user and a second user profile associated with a second user and a processor connected to the memory.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the current disclosure are directed toward physiological monitoring of patients, and more particularly, systems, devices and methods for physiological monitoring of patients with a continuous or near-continuous transmission and analysis of monitored physiological data during the monitoring process. In some embodiments, a physiological patient monitoring system is provided which includes a physiological monitoring device which comprises a housing disposed on a patch, and the patch is configured for removable attachment to or proximate the skin of a patient, the housing including at least one memory. Antenna disposed on the housing transmit radio-frequency (RF) waves towards a targeted portion of an internal tissue of the patient and receive reflected RF waves from the internal tissue. RF circuitry in communication with the at least one memory perform an RF-based measurement of a lung fluid level of the patient during a predetermined time period.

Abstract: A shoe-type device and a method of controlling the shoe-type device are disclosed. The shoe-type device includes a vibrator configured to generate a vibration, a pressure sensor disposed under the vibrator and configured to measure a pressure, and a controller configured to control an intensity of the vibration to be generated by the vibrator based on the measured pressure.

Abstract: An optical detection device for physiological characteristic identification includes a substrate, a light source and an optical receiver. The light source includes a plurality of first lighting units and a plurality of second lighting units symmetrically arranged on the substrate. The optical receiver is disposed on the substrate and adapted to analyze optical signals emitted by the light source for acquiring a result of the physiological characteristic identification.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for confocal microscopy using dispersed structured illumination. In certain embodiments the apparatus also comprises an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, and OCT images acquired from two or more regions of a sample are registered using a corresponding set of two or more larger area images acquired with the confocal microscopy system. In preferred embodiments the apparatus is suitable for analysing the retina of an eye. The confocal microscopy system can be operated in a purely intensity mode or in a coherent mode. In other embodiments a confocal microscopy system using dispersed structured illumination is utilised for surface metrology.

Abstract: A computing system for wound tracking is disclosed herein. A server computing device receives a first image of a wound of a patient captured by a first camera. Subsequently, the server computing device receives a message generated by a computing device, the message indicating that a second camera of the computing device is to capture a second image of the wound. Responsive to receiving the message, the server computing device causes data to be transmitted to the computing device, the data based in part upon the first image. The data causes the computing device to present a semi-transparent overlay to a view of the wound on a display as perceived through a lens of the second camera, the semi-transparent overlay indicative of the first image. The computing device captures the second image via the second camera and causes the second image to be received by the server computing device.

Abstract: A detecting device includes a flexible substrate, a first light-emitting unit provided at the flexible substrate and configured to emit light toward a living body, and a first light-receiving unit provided at the flexible substrate and configured to receive light, based on the light exiting from the first light-emitting unit, from the living body. The first light-emitting unit is constituted by a flexible organic light-emitting diode, and the first light-receiving unit is constituted by a flexible organic photodetector.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, devices, mechanisms, and methods are used to locate an ABTT terminus and then to measure the temperature of the ABTT terminus.

Abstract: Methods for providing MRI-derived strain measurements are described. Some methods include calculating a first set of strain measurements for each of a plurality of different segments of a heart over an entire single cardiac cycle from obtained MRI image data. Then, for each segment of the plurality of different segments, electronically identifying a peak train value and associated time point of the cardiac cycle in the first set of strain measurements; and electronically adjusting the first set of strain measurements at each time point of the cardiac cycle using the identified peak strain value as a reference peak strain value to thereby provide strain measurements that are adjusted relative to a defined time during the cardiac cycle irrespective of when signal acquisition of the obtained MRI image data was initiated during the cardiac cycle. Risk scores, contouring review, contraction pattern on a 3-D cardiac model are also disclosed.

Abstract: The technology disclosed here involves classifying activity data based on inactivity types. An example method involves receiving, by a processor, activity data of one or more sensors, the activity data comprising a plurality of sensor measurements associated with multiple parameters monitored during an activity session of a user; retrieving a set of criteria that comprises thresholds to detect a plurality of inactivity types, wherein the set comprises a criterion related to a physical activity; classifying, by the processor based on the set of criteria, the received activity data of the one or more sensors into one or more segments, wherein the one or more segments comprise a segment comprising a portion of the activity data corresponding to an inactivity type of the plurality of inactivity types; and generating output based on the classifying.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for detecting the likelihood of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in an infant using electrocardiogram and photoplethysmographic pulse signals obtained from the upper body and foot of the infant.

Abstract: An apparatus, including: a probe to interface with a surface of a tissue; a light source optically coupled to the probe, the light source directing light of at least 1000 nm into the tissue; a detector optically coupled to the probe, the detector to detect light based on scattering of light from the light source in the tissue, and the detector having a light sensitivity in a range of at least 1000 nm; a processor coupled to the detector, the processor to: receive a signal from the detector corresponding to the detected light from the light source, and determine a blood flow measurement from the region of interest using diffuse correlation spectroscopy based on the signal.

Abstract: A method of assessment of microcirculation oscillations comprises illumination of a selected location on non-hairy skin of a human subject in a resting steady condition without any blockage or stimulation of the blood flow with exciting light capable of inducing skin NADH fluorescence signal for a period of time; simultaneously with said illumination detecting, measuring and recording as a function of time the induced NADH fluorescence signal emitted from the said selected location to obtain the time course of the NADH fluorescence signal intensity in the said period of time; and computer implemented steps of: fitting of a baseline about which the NADH fluorescence signal oscillates to the said time course of the NADH fluorescence signal; and determination of a mean squared error of the deviation of the NADH fluorescence signal from the fitted baseline as a parameter of oscillatory function of the skin microcirculation.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and system for non-invasive management and monitoring of intracranial pressure and a device for measuring of a skull volumetric variation. Specifically, the present invention comprises detecting and receiving the analog signal of the skull volumetric variation of a user, processing its signal and transmitting the processed signal to a pre-configured receiver. The present invention is situated in the technical fields of medicine, biomedicine, neuro science, measuring of physical quantity and electrical engineering.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a magnetic resonance (MR) system for capturing an MR Elastography measurement of a biological lifeform may include a platform; a gel pad on a surface of the platform; and a sensor array. In some embodiments, the sensor array includes at least one ultrasound transducer, and at least one radiofrequency (RF) transmitter and receiver coil. The sensor array is at least partially embedded within the gel pad, and the gel pad is configured to provide mechanical impedance matching between the at least one ultrasound transducer and the biological lifeform. In some embodiments, a system includes the apparatus and an MR system, the MR system including an ultrasonic wave generator, an interface circuit, and a computing device. In some such embodiments, the ultrasonic wave generator is configured to generate one or more shear waves in the biological lifeform.

Abstract: A spring assembly usable with an intravascular catheter can include a tubular body, two mounting surfaces, and a compressible framework. The tubular body extends along a longitudinal axis and is sized to traverse vasculature. Each mounting surface can be configured to engage a substantially planar electrical circuit and is positioned in the tubular body each in a respective plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The mounting surfaces face toward each other in opposite directions. The compressible framework extends between the first and second mounting surfaces. The spring assembly can further include a pair of electrical circuits mounted to the pair mounting surfaces. Each electrical circuit can include an inductive coil such that the pair of electrical circuits is a distance transducer. A change in distance between the pair of electrical circuits can be detected when the compressible framework is compressed and/or bent.

Abstract: An apparatus for emitting a field comprising a core, a conductive winding with a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion, where the conductive winding surrounds a portion of the core and is wound about a winding axis, a protrusion for aligning the apparatus where the protrusion is parallel with the winding axis, and a conductive connector extending from the conductive winding, wherein the conductive connector is electrically coupled with the conductive winding at the intermediate portion.

Abstract: To perform respiratory monitoring and cardiac-output measurement on general patients, an aspect of a biological measurement apparatus includes: at least two electrodes that are attached to a living body; a power supply that causes an AC current to flow between the two electrodes; at least two coils that are placed so as to sandwich a line linking the two electrodes, and detect a magnetic field related to a change in the AC current accompanying a change in impedance of the living body; and a detection circuit that performs addition or subtraction of signals related to the magnetic field detected with the two coils, and outputs the signals as a change in the impedance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated sleep diagnosis and treatment device, and more particularly to an integrated apnea diagnosis and treatment device. The present invention additionally relates to method of sleep diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for measuring respiratory parameters from an ECG device are described. The method may include receiving an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal associated with a patient. The method may further include detecting a change in modulation of the ECG signal between a first portion of the ECG signal and a second portion of the ECG signal. The method may further include determining a change in respiratory effort of the patient based at least in part on the change in modulation.

Abstract: An electrical transtympanic stimulator for auditory processing evaluation is disclosed. The stimulator comprises a processor, a digital-to-analog converter, a voltage-to-current convertor, and one or more electrodes. The digital-to-analog converter in communication with the processor and power source is configured to convert digital signals into analogue voltage signals. The voltage-to-current convertor in communication with the digital-to-analog converter via an amplifier is configured to convert the analogue voltage signals to current signals/pulses that are proportional to the analogue voltage signals. The electrodes in communication with the voltage-to-current convertor, configured to locate in the ear canal and on the skin around the skull of a patient, thereby performing the auditory processing evaluation by applying the current pulses to the ear canal and skull in different waveforms at various frequency ranges with parameters.

Abstract: A method of estimating a concentration of an analyte may include obtaining a plurality of in vivo estimation spectra, generating a plurality of noise detection models by varying a number of principal components based on the plurality of in vivo estimation spectra, comparing the generated plurality of noise detection models with a plurality of concentration estimation models for each number of principal components, extracting a noise spectrum and a concentration estimation model for use in estimating the concentration of the analyte based on the comparison, updating the extracted concentration estimation model based on the extracted noise spectrum, and estimating the concentration of the analyte by using the updated concentration estimation model and an in vivo estimation spectrum from among the plurality of in vivo estimation spectra.

Abstract: Systems, methods and graphical user interfaces for visualizing analyte measurements using animation are presented. For instance, a system for continuously monitoring analyte concentration in a physiological fluid includes a sensor, a transmitter, at least one processor and a display. The display is for outputting a graphical user interface. The display is controlled by the at least one processor to display, using the graphical user interface, historical analyte concentration levels and a trend indication animation. The trend indication animation comprises at least one visual element configured by the at least one processor to have a periodic motion between a first position and a second position on the display in one of a plurality of trend directions. The trend direction of the periodic motion between the first and second positions indicates whether the analyte concentration is increasing or decreasing and the rate of change of the analyte concentration level.

Abstract: Machine learning in an artificial pancreas is described. An artificial pancreas system may include a wearable glucose monitoring device, an insulin delivery system, and a computing device. Broadly speaking, the wearable glucose monitoring device provides glucose measurements of a person continuously. The artificial pancreas algorithm, which may be implemented at the computing device, determines doses of insulin to deliver to the person based on a variety of aspects for the purpose of maintaining the person's glucose within a target range, as indicated by those glucose measurements. The insulin delivery system then delivers those determined doses to the person. As the artificial pancreas algorithm determines insulin doses for the person over time and effectiveness of the insulin doses to maintain the person's glucose level in the target range is observed, an underlying model of the artificial pancreas algorithm may be updated to better determine insulin doses.

Abstract: A method of determining glucose values during continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measurements includes providing a CGM device including a sensor, a memory, and a processor; applying a constant voltage potential to the sensor; measuring a primary current signal resulting from the constant voltage potential and storing the measured primary current signal in the memory; applying a probing potential modulation sequence to the sensor; measuring probing potential modulation current signals resulting from the probing potential modulation sequence and storing measured probing potential modulation current signals in the memory; determining an initial glucose concentration based on a conversion function value and the primary current signal; determining a connection function based on the primary current signal and a plurality of the probing potential modulation current signals; and determining a final glucose concentration based on the initial glucose concentration and the connection function value.

Abstract: Sleeves and cases for protecting medical devices against contamination, and methods for cleaning and disinfecting medical devices are provided. The various embodiments enable a single medical device to be used by more than one patient successively while reducing the risk of disease transmission from patient to patient.

Abstract: A patient monitoring sensor having a communication interface, through which the patient monitoring sensor can communicate with a monitor is provided. The patient monitoring sensor includes a light-emitting diode (LED) communicatively coupled to the communication interface and a detector, communicatively coupled to the communication interface, capable of detecting light. The patient monitoring sensor includes a bandage that is constructed as a single piece such that plural layers of the bandage are configured together to allow for a leaflet opening of the bandage, for example using at least one removable liner or tab, to insert a pulse oximetry circuit therein.

Abstract: An example system includes an elongated body, a fluorescent material, and a diffuse reflector. The elongated body defines a lumen and includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. The fluorescent material is configured to be in fluid communication with a fluid in the lumen. The diffuse reflector is configured to diffuse excitation light received from an excitation light source and direct the diffused excitation light toward the fluorescent material and diffuse the fluoresced light received from the fluorescence material and direct the fluoresced light toward a fluorescent light detector.

Abstract: Method and system for providing continuous calibration of analyte sensors includes calibrating a first sensor, receiving data associated with detected analyte levels from the first sensor, and calibrating a second sensor based on a predetermined scaling factor and data associated with detected analyte levels from the first sensor, is disclosed.

Abstract: Direct usage of endosomatic EDA has multiple challenges for practical cognitive load assessment. Embodiments of the method and system disclosed provide a solution to the technical challenges in the art by directly using the bio-potential signals to implement endosomatic approach for assessment of cognitive load. The method utilizes a multichannel wearable endosomatic device capable of acquiring and combining multiple bio-potentials, which are biomarkers of cognitive load experienced by a subject performing a cognitive task. Further, extracts information for classification of the cognitive load, from the acquired bio-signals using a set of statistical and a set of spectral features. Furthermore, utilizes a feature selection approach to identify a set of optimum features to train a Machine Learning (ML) based task classifier to classify the cognitive load experienced by a subject into high load task and low load task.

Abstract: Physiological variables, metrics, biomarkers, and other data points can be used, in connection with a non-invasive wearable device, to screen for, and predict, mental health issues and cognitive states. In addition to metrics such as heart rate, sleep data, activity level, gamification data, and the like, information such as text message and email data, as well as vocal data obtained through a phone and/or a microphone, may be analyzed, provided user authorization. Applying predictive modeling, one or more of the monitored metrics can be correlated with mental states and disorders. Identified patterns can be used to update the predictive models, such as via machine learning-trained models, as well as to update individual event predictions. Information about the mental state predictions, and updates thereto, can be surfaced to the user accordingly.

Abstract: A calibration system for a magnetometer having an unknown gain is disclosed. A calibration magnetic field is generated at a calibration frequency of a known amplitude at the magnetometer. A measurement of the calibrating magnetic field is reported by the magnetometer. A ratio of an amplitude of the calibration magnetic field measurement reported by the magnetometer and the known amplitude of the calibrating magnetic field at the magnetometer is computed. The unknown gain of the magnetometer is determined at least partially based on computed ratio.

Abstract: A method includes forming a film, forming a first pattern of two or more vias at least partially through the film, attaching the film to a first support structure, the first support structure comprising an adhesive layer formed over a first carrier, wherein attaching the film to the first support structure comprises bonding a first surface of the film to the adhesive layer of the first support structure, wherein the film is stretchable in at least a first direction along the first surface, and wherein the first carrier maintains the first pattern of vias within a given threshold distortion following a given process conducted after attaching the film to the first support structure.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless 12-lead or multiple unipolar-lead electrocardiograph system without cable connection between a measurement electrode and device body. The present invention includes a measurement electrode that acquires an electrocardiographic signal of a subject, a Wilson terminal that is connected to the measurement electrode and forms an indifferent electrode, and an electrocardiograph body that generates an electrocardiogram. The measurement electrode has active measurement electrodes that wirelessly communicate with the electrocardiograph body, and passive measurement electrodes that are connected to the active measurement electrodes, and the Wilson terminal. The electrocardiograph body generates the electrocardiogram on the basis of a lead signal sent by the active measurement electrodes.