Abstract: A level shift circuit and when a reference potential of the amplification modulation signal is transitioned from a first potential to a second potential having a high potential, a second gate driver performs a first control that outputs a third gate signal controlling a third transistor to be non-conductive and a fourth gate signal controlling a fourth transistor to be conductive, and then outputs the third gate signal controlling the third transistor to be conductive and the fourth gate signal controlling the fourth transistor to be non-conductive, and a second control that outputs the third gate signal controlling the third transistor to be non-conductive and the fourth gate signal controlling the fourth transistor to be conductive after the first control, and then outputs the third gate signal controlling the third transistor to be conductive and the fourth gate signal controlling the fourth transistor to be non-conductive.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit, a level shift circuit; and a demodulation circuit, in which in a second mode obtained by shifting a reference potential of the amplification modulation signal to a second potential having a potential higher than a first potential, the second gate driver included in the level shift circuit performs a constant voltage control that outputs a third gate signal controlling a third transistor to be conductive and a fourth gate signal controlling a fourth transistor to be non-conductive, and a charge control that outputs the third gate signal controlling the third transistor to be non-conductive and the fourth gate signal controlling the fourth transistor to be conductive, and then outputs the third gate signal controlling the third transistor to be conductive and the fourth gate signal controlling the fourth transistor to be non-conductive.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid discharge apparatus includes a first transistor in which a second terminal and a third terminal are electrically coupled to according to a first terminal, a second transistor in which a fifth terminal and a sixth terminal are electrically coupled to according to a fourth terminal, and a coil that has one end electrically coupled to the second terminal and the sixth terminal, and the other end electrically coupled to the discharge head, a shortest distance between the second terminal and the one end of the coil is shorter than that between the third terminal and the one end of the coil, a shortest distance between the sixth terminal and the one end of the coil is shorter than that between the fifth terminal and the one end of the coil.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a pressure chamber in which ink is stored, a nozzle plate including a nozzle which connects with the pressure chamber, an actuator configured to change a volume of the pressure chamber, and a drive circuit. The drive circuit, before a printing is performed, outputs, to the actuator for a first time period, a first signal for changing the volume of the pressure chamber without ejecting ink from the nozzle. A second signal for changing the volume of the pressure chamber is then output to the actuator for a second time period such that ink is ejected from the nozzle. A third signal for changing the volume of the pressure chamber to the extent that the ink is not ejected from the nozzle is then output to the actuator for a third time period.

Abstract: A fluid ejector includes a nozzle layer, a body, an actuator and a membrane. The body includes a pumping chamber, a return channel, and a first passage fluidically connecting the pumping chamber to an entrance of the nozzle. A second passage fluidically connects the entrance of the nozzle to the return channel. The actuator is configured to cause fluid to flow out of the pumping chamber such that actuation of the actuator causes fluid to be ejected from the nozzle. The membrane is formed across and partially blocks at least one of the first passage, the second passage or the entrance of the nozzle. The membrane has at least one hole therethrough such that in operation of the fluid ejector fluid flows through the at least one hole in the membrane.

Abstract: A printing device includes a frame, and an electronic circuit-board unit attached to the frame. The electronic circuit-board unit includes: a holder including a holding portion; a first substrate held to a first surface of the holder; a second substrate held to a second surface of the holder and attached to the frame; an electronic component; and a harness electrically connected to the electronic component. The holder has: a first region overlapped with the first substrate in a plan view; and a second region offset from the first region in the plan view. At least one of the electronic component and the harness is held by the holding portion.

Abstract: A waste liquid collection apparatus includes a waste liquid tray, a collection tank, a collection pump, and a circulation pump. The waste liquid tray includes a waste liquid receiving surface inclined downward to receive a waste liquid discharged from a head unit and allow the waste liquid to flow from an upper end to a lower end of the waste liquid receiving surface, and a waste liquid discharge part that is disposed adjacent to the lower end of the waste liquid receiving surface to discharge the waste liquid. The collection pump feeds a part of the waste liquid discharged from the waste liquid discharge part to the collection tank. The circulation pump returns another part of the waste liquid discharged from the waste liquid discharge part to the upper end of the waste liquid receiving surface to circulate the other part of the waste liquid.

Abstract: There is provided an inkjet recording device including a head, a support member, a storage portion, a valve, an actuator, and a controller. The head includes a nozzle and is configured to eject ink from the nozzle. The support member supports the head. The storage portion storing therein ink. The storage portion has a part positioned above the nozzle. The storage portion has an air communication opening allowing an interior of the storage portion to be communicated with an outside of the storage portion. The valve is movable between an opening position in which the valve opens the air communication opening and a closing position in which the valve closes the air communication opening. The actuator is configured to move the valve. The controller configured to control, while the head is ejecting ink from the nozzle toward a recording medium, the actuator to maintain the valve at the closing position.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the printing of materials, using 3-dimensional printing and other printing techniques, including the use of one or more mixing nozzles, and/or multi-axis control over the translation and/or rotation of the print head or the substrate onto which materials are printed. In some embodiments, a material may be prepared by extruding material through print head comprising a nozzle, such as a microfluidic printing nozzle, which may be used to mix materials within the nozzle and direct the resulting product onto a substrate. The print head and/or the substrate may be configured to be translated and/or rotated, for example, using a computer or other controller, in order to control the deposition of material onto the substrate.

Abstract: A recording method for recording on a recording medium, which is a non-white recording medium, includes a white ink adhering step of adhering a white ink containing a white coloring material to the recording medium, and a non-white ink adhering step of adhering a non-white ink containing a non-white coloring material to the recording medium, in which the white ink adhering step and the non-white ink adhering step are performed by causing a recording head to scan the recording medium, the white ink adhering step and the non-white ink adhering step are performed on a region of the recording medium by a scan, and the white ink adhering step and the non-white ink adhering step are performed such that, in the region where the white ink and the non-white ink are adhered, the mass ratio (A/B) of an adhesion amount A of the white coloring material to an adhesion amount B of the non-white coloring material per unit area is 0.03 or more and 0.99 or less.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus communicatively connected to a tape printing apparatus includes a tape width acquirer that acquires a tape width; a receiver that receives an instruction to print a print image; a calculator that calculates a margin length of a margin region of the tape measured in a tape width direction, the print region being where the print image is to be printed; a proportion determiner that determines whether or not the margin length is a particular proportion or above of the tape width; and a print controller that controls the tape printing apparatus to print a margin image when it is determined that the margin length is the particular proportion or above of the tape width, and controls the tape printing apparatus not to print the margin image when it is determined that the margin length is not the particular proportion or above of the tape width.

Abstract: A commodity-data processing apparatus includes a housing, a printer unit mounted in the housing and movable between a housed position at which the printer unit fits in a printer housing space and a drawn-out position, and a controller. The printer unit includes a cover that is movable between a closed position and an open position when the printer unit is at the drawn-out position and not movable between the closed position and the open position when the printer unit is at the housed position. The controller is configured to determine whether the cover is moved from the open position to the closed position, determine whether or not the printer unit is ready for printing, upon determining that the cover is moved from the open position to the closed position, and enable receipt printing by the printing unit, upon determining that the printer unit is ready for printing.

Abstract: An information processing device includes an acquisition unit acquiring image data and status data, a transmission unit transmitting, to a server, the image data and the status data, a reception unit receiving, from the server, first data generated by the server based on the image data and the status data, a storage unit storing the first data received by the reception unit and second data, and a control unit, wherein the first data is data defining a learned model learned by machine learning, the learned model being configured to, when the image data and the status data are input, output fabric data indicating a feature value of the fabric, the second data indicates a correspondence relationship between the fabric data and a recommended parameter, and the control unit derives, based on the first data and the second data, the recommended parameter from the image data and the status data.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for producing a handwritten appearance of input text on a marking surface, comprising the steps of: receiving, into a plotter system, a print job related to a first graphic code, the print job comprising a printable media requirement; scanning, with a scanner attached to the plotter system, the first graphic code, the first graphic code previously printed on the marking surface loaded into the plotter system; identifying a particular media type of the marking surface with the first graphic code; confirming the printable media requirement matches the particular media type; and emulating handwriting on the marking surface with the plotter system to yield a marked paper.

Abstract: A laser marking system for marking a product comprising a laser source for providing a laser beam, a marking head for projecting the laser beam on to the product, a housing comprising an extraction device configured to generate a flow of extraction fluid for extracting matter generated by an interaction between the laser beam and the product, and a controller for controlling the laser source and the marking head. The laser marking system further comprises an umbilical assembly connecting the housing to the marking head.

Abstract: A thermal transfer recording sheet including a substrate and a yellow coloring material layer, a magenta coloring material layer, and a cyan coloring material layer frame-sequentially formed on the substrate, wherein at least one of the yellow coloring material layer, the magenta coloring material layer, and the cyan coloring material layer contains a compound with a specified structure.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a position determination unit of a printing system determines a printing position of printing information printed on an object to be printed conveyed by a conveyance machine. An erasing unit erases the printing information printed using thermochromic ink by emitting heat from a heat source, a height position of which is adjusted according to the printing position, from a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction according to a timing at which the printing position, determined based on the printing position, passes. A printing unit includes a printer using the thermochromic ink, disposed behind the heat source along the conveyance direction, and prints information on the object to be printed from the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction by the printer, a height position of which is adjusted according to the printing position, according to the timing at which the printing position passes.

Abstract: A security document is disclosed to include an image area provided on a front side of the document that includes image content, an information area provided on the front side that includes informational content, and a security feature including a pattern of perforations provided in an overlapping relationship with the image area and the information area so as to simultaneously bind and secure the image content with the informational content.

Abstract: A structure for secure containment of information (SSCI) that is in the form of a laminate which includes at least two layers. The laminate is constructed to contain information such as a code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key or personal identification number (PIN). The information is located between the layer of the laminate such that the code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key, or PIN is not detectable from outside the laminate. The SSCI is configured to provide access and expose the code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key, or PIN by delaminating at least one layer, thereby indicating that tampering has occurred to the laminate. The SSCI can also function as a public key or private key for a blockchain, to provide access to a physical lock or to provide account access to claim financial value.

Abstract: A writing instrument has a nib that can retract automatically upon release of a grip on the writing instrument. The writing instrument has one or more leaves that can be flexed to push the cartridge towards the front end of the writing instrument to expose the nib. A spring applies a force on the cartridge to automatically retract the nib when a grip on the writing instrument is released.

Abstract: An envelope sealing and flipping system can be incorporated into a mail inserter system to seal an envelope with a complete unbroken glue line and simultaneously flip the envelope face-up for downstream processing. The system includes a flip cage that receives an envelope and a moveable wetting brush that contacts the flap. The flip cage rotates, causing the flap to drag underneath the wetting brush, and realigning the envelope with a sealer nip which seals the envelope. The flip cage rotates continuously to receive, flip, and seal many envelopes.

Abstract: A paintbrush guard a hollow body sized to fit over a felt of a paintbrush, a pair of opposing side shields and end shields extending from the body, the side shields having a plurality of interlocking tabs which can be used to lock the shields in an open bell shaped position or a closed position for cutting in a painted surface. The paintbrush guard may also be equipped with a downward facing hook extending from an end shield to hold the guard and paintbrush on the side of a paint container. Further the paintbrush guard maybe equipped with a comb on the side of the guard for use in cleaning a paintbrush.

Abstract: A paint package lid (14, 114) includes a base wall (54) having a lid base wall upper surface (56) and a lid base wall lower surface (58), a container coupling rim (60) disposed radially outwardly with respect to the base wall and having a rim upper surface (62), and a closure well (64, 164) disposed radially inwardly with respect to the base wall. The closure well includes a radially outer wall (82) extending downwardly with respect to the base wall, a lower wall (84) extending radially inwardly with respect to the radially outer wall and establishing a lowermost surface (85) of the lid, and a neck (86, 186) disposed radially inwardly with respect to the radially outer wall and extending upwardly from the lower wall and having a closure coupling (95). Also disclosed is a lid and closure assembly and a paint package (10, 110, 210) including the lid.

Abstract: A bicycle hub and spoke arrangement is provided. The bicycle hub and spoke arrangement includes a bicycle axle supported for rotation by a hub shaft. A plurality of flanges extend radially from the hub shaft. Each of the plurality of flanges has a plurality of apertures. A plurality of spokes, each having a first end, an opposing second end and a body extending therebetween. The second end of each of the plurality of spokes is connected to an outer rim. The first end of each of the plurality of spokes is connected to one of the plurality of circumferentially oriented apertures of the plurality of flanges in a manner such as to create three areas of contact between the first end of each of the plurality of spokes and the associated flange, thereby strengthening a J bend area of the spoke and address spoke failure and shimmy.

Abstract: Segmented wheels offer advantages in storage space of closely packed segments as compared to whole wheels. Individually damaged or worn segments may be replaced in the field with little or no need for jacks or cranes to support the rest of the vehicle, and entire wheels may be replaced or reconfigured from one tread type to another by swapping out segments not in contact with the ground and then driving the vehicle a distance which is a fraction of the circumference of its wheels to expose the remaining segments for retrofit. Segments may be freely supported by rigid or compliant spokes or may be bound together by straps or designed to interlock with adjacent segments. Embodiments of the invention may be made in any size range including applications for bicycles, agricultural machinery, cars, trucks and mining machinery and vehicles.

Abstract: A wheel hub for mounting a wheel to rotate about an axis of rotation, having a flange, which has at least one fastening member, by which a rim of the wheel can be fastened at least in the axial direction of the wheel hub to the flange and thereby to the wheel hub, and having a centering seat formed on an extension projecting axially from the flange of the wheel hub, which centering seat includes multiple centering surface segments successively disposed and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the wheel hub and facing outwards in the radial direction of the wheel hub, by which segments the rim can be centered relative to the wheel hub in the radial direction thereof, wherein the single-piece extension has an inner lateral face extending continuously in the circumferential direction and facing inwards in the radial direction.

Abstract: A freehub of a bicycle contains: a body fitted and rotating on a rotary shaft. A receiving sleeve is connected with the body and fitted on the rotary shaft, and the receiving sleeve includes an accommodation holder configured to accommodate a freewheel. A ratchet assembly is mounted between the body and the receiving sleeve, the ratchet assembly includes multiple chutes, and a central axis of a respective chute is not parallel to a central axis of the rotary shaft. A toothed ring is fitted between the fixing element and the body. The ratchet assembly includes multiple teeth, multiple engagement elements, and multiple resilient elements. A respective resilient element abuts against the respective chute and a respective engagement element, such that the respective engagement element is urged by the respective resilient element to linearly move toward the respective tooth so as to engage with the respective tooth.

Abstract: An object to provide a brake device for a caster that has a simple structure, provides reliable braking, has no risk of damaging the circumferential surface of a roller, and has high durability. The brake device for a caster includes: a plurality of projecting parts formed concentrically at regular intervals on opposite side-surfaces of a roller in a direction in parallel with the axis, and levers set across the roller at both side-panels of a fork so as to be opposed to the projecting parts, and a claw formed at a tip of each of the levers so as to be opposed to the projecting parts, wherein the levers are operated so that the claw is engaged with a concave part formed between the projecting parts, thereby locking rotation of the roller.

Abstract: A tread portion 2 includes four circumferential grooves 3 and five land portions 4. Each of the five land portions 4 is provided with no groove having a groove width greater than 2.0 mm, and is provided with only sipes 9. The four circumferential grooves 3 include a shoulder circumferential groove 5. The five land portions 4 include a shoulder land portion 11 and a middle land portion 13. The middle land portion 13 is provided with a plurality of middle sipes 30. The shoulder land portion 11 is provided with a plurality of shoulder sipes 20 each extending from the shoulder circumferential groove 5 to a position beyond a tread end. At least one of the shoulder sipes 20 includes an inclined portion 21. A maximum angle of the inclined portion 21 with respect to a tire axial direction is not greater than a maximum angle of the middle sipe 30 with respect to the tire axial direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes, in a land portion, at least one circumferential sipe extending in the tire circumferential direction. At a first position, from the tread surface towards the sipe bottom, the sipe width gradually decreases from the tread surface to a first changing point and then gradually increases from the first changing point to the sipe bottom. At a second position, from the tread surface towards the sipe bottom, the sipe width gradually increases from the tread surface to a second changing point and then gradually decreases from the second changing point to the sipe bottom. The sipe width at the tread surface and at the sipe bottom gradually decreases in the tire circumferential direction from the first position towards the second position, and the sipe width in a tire radial intermediate portion gradually increases in the tire circumferential direction from the first position towards the second position.

Abstract: A tread portion of a tire includes at least one land portion. The land portion includes an outer region disposed inwardly of a tread surface in a tire radial direction, an inner region disposed on an inner side in the tire radial direction, and at least one sipe. The sipe includes one outer sipe element extending in the outer region in a tire axial direction, and a plurality of inner sipe elements extending in the inner region. The inner sipe elements include a component extending in a tire circumferential direction, and is connected to the outer sipe element.

Abstract: A tread (12) for a tire (10) which has a tread surface intended to contact a road surface during running. The tread (12) has at least one cavity opening onto the tread surface when new, called external cavity (14), which has length L, width W and central plane P. The external cavity (14) has bottom (16) and at least two opposite lateral walls (18a, 18b) extending from bottom (16) and a mechanism (20) for ejecting stones during running, which has two protuberances (22a, 22b) from bottom (16) of external cavity, which are disposed at least partially opposite one another at a distance d. Each protuberance (22a, 22b) is inclined respectively from a lateral wall (18a, 18b) of the external cavity (14) towards the central plane P. The distance d between the two protuberances (22a, 22b) is less than or equal to 10% of width W of external cavity (14).

Abstract: A tire includes a tread portion including a row of blocks arranged in a tire circumferential direction divided by lateral grooves. Each block includes a block tread surface, a first block sidewall surface located on a leading side in a rotation direction of the block, and a leading-side corner portion between the block tread surface and the first block sidewall surface. The leading-side corner portion includes a first portion and a second portion extending in a tire axial direction. The first portion is formed sharper than the second portion. In a plan view of each block, an angle ?1 of the first portion to the tire circumferential direction is larger than an angle ?2 of the second portion to the tire circumferential direction. Each lateral groove has a groove width (A) at the first portion that is larger than a groove width (B) at the second portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic tyre includes a pair of bead portions having respective bead cores therein, each bead core defining a core innermost end in a tyre radial direction, and an inner liner having an air-impermeable property and extending between the pair of bead portions, wherein in each of the pair of bead portions, the inner liner comprises an innermost end in the tyre radial direction located inwardly of the core innermost ends in the tyre radial direction, and the pair of bead portions has a bead base diameter being less than 99.7% of a rim diameter of a standard wheel rim on which the pneumatic tyre is to be mounted.

Abstract: A TPMS inflation valve for a commercial vehicle includes an inflation valve body, an inflation valve seat and a sensor subassembly. The inflation valve body and the inflation valve seat are components split apart from each other. The inflation valve is mounted on an automobile rim by means of the inflation valve seat, and the inflation valve body is provided with an installation portion for a valve core. The inflation valve body and the inflation valve seat are assembled and connected to form an airflow channel for communication. A cavity located outside the automobile rim and close to the automobile rim is formed at the position where the inflation valve body and the inflation valve seat are assembled and connected. The sensor subassembly is arranged in the cavity in communication with the airflow channel of the inflation valve or located on the airflow channel.

Abstract: A high-precision intelligent centering device, consisting of a symmetrical synchronous centering mechanism. The invention can meet the needs of wheel centering in use with the ideal effect and high efficiency. Work is safe and reliable, degree of automation is high, and it is especially suitable for mass production on the production line.

Abstract: An inflation valve for a tubeless tire may include a valve body defining a cavity having a proximal opening and a distal opening. A valve stem extends through the cavity and includes a plug at a proximal end of the valve stem. The proximal opening of the cavity is defined by a beveled surface, and an outer diameter of the beveled surface is larger than an inner diameter of the valve body. The valve is transitionable between: a) a closed position, where a resilient surface of the plug engages the beveled surface to seal the cavity, and b) an open position, where the resilient surface of the plug is spaced from the beveled surface to unseal the cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a first elongate member configured to detachably and fixedly couple with a work machine in a tow-behind configuration, a two-axis joint member coupled with the first elongate member at a first joint permitting rotation of the two-axis joint member relative to the first elongate member about a first axis of rotation, a rigid frame portion including a second elongate member coupled with the two-axis joint member at a second joint permitting rotation of the second elongate member relative to the two-axis joint member about a second axis of rotation perpendicular to the first axis of rotation and a third elongate member extending perpendicular to the second elongate member, a surface conditioning tool extending parallel to the third elongate member and coupled with the rigid frame portion at a third joint and at a fourth joint permitting rotation of the surface conditioning tool relative to the rigid frame portion about a third axis of rotation parallel to the second axis of rotation, and a

Abstract: A system and method of raising and lowering a ball coupler for coupling to a ball hitch is provided. A combination of hydraulic pump and hydraulic piston are employed to raise and lower the ball coupler of a gooseneck trailer. Both custom and off the shelf parts combine to create a user friendly system to couple and uncouple a gooseneck trailer to the truck. The system described herein replaces the need to raise and lower a gooseneck trailer's coupling system by hand crank and gear box and even the need to climb into the back of the truck bed. Varying trailer frame configurations and ball coupler sizes can be employed with the present invention. Also described and shown in this provisional is a non-rotating free end hydraulic piston device and method. Also described and shown is a coupling bushing device and method for securing a conventional coupler to piston rod.

Abstract: A shock for a vehicle includes a tube elongated along an axis. A piston is disposed in the tube and is moveable relative to the tube along the axis. A rod is connected to the piston. A floating piston is spaced from the piston along the axis and is moveable relative to the tube along the axis. The tube defines a working chamber between the piston and the floating piston. The tube defines a gas chamber. The floating piston separates the gas chamber from the working chamber. The floating piston has a housing slideably engaged with the tube and a membrane fluidly separating the working chamber from the gas chamber. The membrane is flexible relative to the housing.

Abstract: Suspension systems for recreational vehicles are disclosed. The suspension systems may include at least one adjustable member coupling a sway bar to respective suspensions. The suspension systems may include a torque actuator associated with a sway bar.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a frame structure, four wheels, and four independent suspension systems coupled to the frame structure and configured to support the wheels relative to the frame structure. Each suspension system may include a suspension arm movably coupling a respective wheel to the frame structure, a torsion bar coupled to the suspension arm and imparting a spring force on the suspension arm, a preload arm coupled to the torsion bar, and a preload adjustment motor coupled to the preload arm and configured to rotate the torsion bar to adjust a preload on the torsion bar.

Abstract: A shock absorber for a vehicle includes a pressure tube containing a hydraulic fluid. The shock absorber further includes a piston rod extending within the pressure tube along a longitudinal axis, and including a piston end disposed within the pressure tube. The piston rod includes a rod chamber defined within the piston rod and extending along the longitudinal axis from an upper chamber end distal to the piston end to a lower chamber end proximal to the piston end. The piston rod further includes at least one first opening disposed proximal to the lower chamber end. The shock absorber further includes a first piston assembly, an auxiliary housing, and a damper assembly including a sleeve received within the rod chamber.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for operating a ventilation device for providing an air flow. An equipment parameter value of an equipment element of a motor vehicle and a vehicle parameter value of the motor vehicle are detected. Then, the ventilation device is activated subject to the detected equipment parameter value and the detected vehicle parameter value. To activate the ventilation device, a rotational speed of a fan of the ventilation device is set, where the rotational speed is varied subject to the detected equipment parameter value and the detected vehicle parameter value.

Abstract: A vehicle control device that controls an air conditioning device and a battery in a vehicle that uses a coolant of the air conditioning device that cools a vehicle cabin for cooling the battery, the vehicle control device including: an air conditioning load determination unit that determines whether the air conditioning device is driven by a predetermined load or more; and a battery input-output control unit that controls at least one of an input power or an output power of the battery. When the air conditioning device is driven by the predetermined load or more, at least one of the input power or the output power is restricted without cooling the battery.

Abstract: Provided is an integrated radiator assembly, and belongs to the field of vehicles.

Abstract: A method of operating a refrigerant circuit of a cooling system of a vehicle in cooling system mode, having a chiller branch which includes a chiller and a first expansion element connected upstream from it and being thermally coupled to a coolant circuit, at least one interior evaporator branch connected in parallel with the chiller branch, comprising an interior evaporator, a second expansion element connected upstream from it, and a segmentation element connected downstream from the interior evaporator, being adapted to prevent a backflow of refrigerant into the interior evaporator, a refrigerant compressor, and a condenser or gas cooler, wherein the cooling system mode is carried out in single chiller mode by closing the second expansion element and aspirating the refrigerant from the interior evaporator by the starting or already started refrigerant compressor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for supporting and executing automated control of climate comfort settings based on user classification within a group identity database. Methods of generating and employing the group identity database are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat pump system control method for a vehicle includes a process (A) of operating a compressor of an air conditioner to cool or heat an interior of the vehicle while the vehicle is driving, measuring by a controller initial states of the compressor and a refrigerant based on data detected from a data detector, and monitoring the compressor, a process (B) of determining by the controller whether a current coil temperature of a motor unit provided in the compressor is higher than a coil specification temperature through the process (A) and operating a protection mode; and a process (C) of, when the process (B) is completed, calculating by the controller a slope of a coil temperature of the motor unit over time, determining whether the temperature slope is greater than zero (0) three times consecutively to stop the operation of the compressor, and terminating control.

Abstract: A heat exchange system for a vehicle includes a refrigerant circulation loop for circulating a refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, a first chiller and a second chiller. The first expansion valve and the first chiller form a group and the second expansion valve and the second chiller form another group. The two groups are arranged in parallel; a first coolant circulation loop comprising a first cooler, and circulating coolant which exchanges heat with the refrigerant via the first chiller; a second coolant circulation loop includes a second cooler, and circulating coolant which exchanges heat with the refrigerant via the second chiller. The first expansion valve and the second expansion valve are controlled so that the refrigerant passing through the first chiller during a cooling mode has a higher pressure, temperature, and rate of discharge than the refrigerant passing through the second chiller.