Abstract: An electrical submersible pump (ESP) completion is used in a reservoir. The ESP completion includes an ESP and a static mixer placed below an intake of the ESP within the reservoir. A two-phase (liquid-gas) mixture flows from the reservoir through a tubing-casing annulus to the static mixer. The static mixer conditions and homogenizes the two phase (liquid-gas) mixture. The mixture flows to a tubing-casing annulus through perforated joints to enter the intake of the pump.

Abstract: A submersible aeration equipment (10) for wastewater treatment in which partial vacuum is generated by the rotation of the impellers (22) within the water, which results in the formation of micro-bubbles. The submersible aeration equipment (10) includes a spring-based air intake valve (18) that can control the flow of air through a hollow shaft (12), wherein the opening of the spring-based air intake valve (18) is based on the amount of vacuum in the hollow shaft (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is a dispersing device, including a first shear device and at least two second shear devices, one of the first shear device and the second shear device is a shear stator and the other is a shear rotor. The first shear device includes a shear inner ring, a shear outer ring and an annular isolation board. The shear inner ring is provided with a plurality of first radial through holes; the shear outer ring is provided to surround outside the shear inner ring, and is provided coaxially with the shear inner ring and connected in linkage with each other; and the shear outer ring is provided with a plurality of third radial through holes. The annular isolation board is located between the shear inner ring and the shear outer ring, and both opposite ends of the annular isolation board form shear receiving grooves, respectively.

Abstract: A pulping machine includes a frame, a mixing device, and a dispersing device. The frame has a mixing chamber and a dispersing chamber, the mixing device is accommodated in the mixing chamber, the dispersing device is accommodated in the dispersing chamber; the dispersing chamber has a liquid inlet, the mixing chamber has a liquid outlet, the liquid inlet, the dispersing chamber, the mixing chamber and the liquid outlet are sequentially communicated; the mixing chamber also has a powder material inlet, the powder material inlet, the mixing chamber and the liquid outlet are sequentially communicated along a flow direction of powder material; the liquid outlet is connected with a filter device.

Abstract: Processes for processing bio-sourced oil to produce bio-sourced oil dielectric fluids can be carried out using an apparatus mounted on a mobile transport platform system having a total footprint of no more than about 30 m2. The processes use a described array of pumps, heaters, filters, a degasser and vacuum system, and an additive metering/mixing valve system to achieve production under low energy and pressure conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotor shaft for a dynamic mixer, in particular a dental dynamic mixer, for mixing low to high viscous components, comprising a mixing area and a connection geometry adjoining the mixing area, the mixing area comprising a central shaft having a distal end and a proximal end abutting the connection geometry, and having at least one worm thread, in particular the rotor shaft has at least two mixing sections, a first mixing section comprising at least two mixing blades radially oriented on the surface of the central shaft and a second mixing section comprising at least one worm thread having spirally running thread flanks, the spirally running thread flanks peripherally entwining the surface of the central shaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a dynamic mixer, in particular a dental dynamic mixer, comprising the rotor shaft, as well as its use for mixing low to high viscous components.

Abstract: A powder rotary fluidization device and a method thereof are provided. The powder rotary fluidization device includes a support device, the support device is provided with an installing plate, the installing plate is provided with a power device and a fluidization device, and the power device is in transmission connection with the fluidization device. After a position of the fluidization device on the installing plate is adjusted through the support device, the power device is started to drive the fluidization device to rotate, and meanwhile gases are introduced into the fluidization device to process powder. and therefore the problem of poor processing effect on fine powder with high viscosity is solved through the rotatable fluidization device.

Abstract: A vibration mixer suitable for a cartridge having a longitudinal axis and containing a multi-component material, preferably a two-component material, stored in at least two separated chambers inside the cartridge; the vibration mixer including a cartridge holder and a drive for the cartridge holder; the cartridge holder is configured for receiving and locking only one end of the cartridge and is configured for maintaining the longitudinal axis of the cartridge on the cartridge holder in a vertical position.

Abstract: A stand mixer appliance includes a casing that includes a base, a column mounted to the base, and a motor housing mounted to the column that extends outwardly above the base. A motor is positioned within the motor housing. The motor includes two pins. The motor housing includes a first portion and a second portion. The second portion includes both a hole and a slot. The slot is elongated along a transverse direction of the motor, and the two pins of the motor extend perpendicularly to the transverse direction. Each of the two pins of the motor are disposed within a respective one of the hole and the slot of the second portion of the motor housing.

Abstract: A dispenser for preparing beverages are provided. In one embodiment, the dispensing system includes a housing, a carbonation assembly disposed within the housing, and a drawer slidably mounted to the housing. The carbonation assembly is configured to selectively carbonate a fluid. The drawer is configured to seat at least one additive container. The dispensing system is configured to selectively dispense an additive contained within an additive container in the drawer from a first outlet, and is configured to dispense a fluid from a second outlet separate from the first outlet.

Abstract: Process vessels can contain one or more entry zones containing stability-improving materials. The entry zones address bed movement and filtration problems. The stability-improving material can be positioned above a treating zone or above a processing bed within the vessel. Entry Zones are intended to improve the stability of downstream operations.

Abstract: A continuous falling film reactor includes a reactor body including chambers for a reaction between first and second reagents. The chambers have a respective inner surface, for the sliding of the first reagent in the form of a thin film, or layer, a device for introducing the first reagent, in particular in the liquid phase, especially in the form of an organic raw material, into the respective chamber and a device for inputting the second reagent, in particular in the gaseous phase, especially in the form of sulphuric anhydride, in the respective one of the chambers. A head introduces the first reagent, in the respective chamber, which head—includes a corresponding nozzle so calibrated to cause a predetermined load loss of said first reagent.

Abstract: Systems and methods for pyrolysis using an induction source of energy. A system can include: a reaction chamber, the reaction chamber having a cylindrical shape, the reaction chamber containing a catalyst; a fluidization plate connected to a first end of the reaction chamber; a gas input receiver connected to the fluidization plate; and a mechanism connected to a second end of the reaction chamber, wherein, during operation of the system: hydrocarbon gas is received at the gas input receiver; the input gas is forced through the fluidization plate; the fluidized gas mixes with the catalyst, resulting in at least one catalyzed molecule; the at least one catalyzed molecule undergo pyrolysis, resulting in at least two cracked elements; and the at least two cracked elements are removed from the system via the at least one output mechanism.

Abstract: An improved device for facilitating a chemical reaction while submerged in a liquid catalyst includes an upper member, a lower member, and a dissolvable member with apertures disposed between and ultimately enclosed by said upper and lower members such that upper and lower chambers are formed having substantially equal volumes. The upper chamber may receive a dry sodium chlorite and the lower chamber may receive a dry acid or acid mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for performing exothermic equilibrium reactions, especially for producing methanol from synthesis gas in a multistage synthesis with intermediate condensation of the reaction product. The reactor according to the invention has a reactor shell and a multitude of series-connected and mutually fluid-connected reactor cells disposed within the reactor shell, where each of the reactor cells includes a reaction apparatus, a cooling-down apparatus and a phase separation apparatus as reactor cell elements. The reactor has a multitude of reactor planes disposed in a mutually parallel arrangement within the reactor shell, where reactor cell elements of the same kind are disposed in the same reactor plane. The inventive arrangement of the reactor cell elements enables the building of a compact reactor and reduces material stresses within the reactor by the avoidance of large temperature differences within the reactor shell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a methanol synthesis reactor for producing methanol from a synthesis gas mixture. The reactor according to the invention includes a pressure jacket having an interior in which a first and a second process unit are arranged one atop the other. Both process units are fluidically interconnected at least in respect of the process gases and configured as plate heat exchangers, preferably pillow plate heat exchangers. The plate interiors are traversable from bottom to top by cooling media while the plate interspaces are traversable from top to bottom by process gases, in particular synthesis gas and methanol-containing product streams. At least the first of the two process units has a methanol synthesis catalyst on the plate interspace side. The second process unit is used for cooling or further conversion of the product stream obtainable in the first process unit.

Abstract: This application discloses the approach of synthesizing cellulose acetate nanoparticles and rods which may have a chemically functionalized surface and an encapsulated cargo load. Functionalization and/or loading of the cargo are made through a physical mixing of the functionalizing and/or cargo components in the synthesizing bath. This can result in particles with functionalized surfaces with various functional groups, as well as active cargo load encapsulated in the particles. The encapsulated cargo includes but is not limited to biologically, chemically, and optically active substances.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a continuous flow process for preparing conducting polymers, for example polyaniline. The continuous flow process can provide a controlled synthesis of a conducting polymer from an emulsion comprising a polymerizable organic monomer and a free radical initiator in flow within a temperature controlled continuous flow reactor comprising at least one mixing element. The present disclosure also relates to the conducting polymers prepared by the continuous flow process.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for controlling production of low-carbon liquid fuels and chemicals. In an aspect, provided herein is a method controlling a process that produces e-fuels. In another aspect, provided herein is a system for producing an e-fuel.

Abstract: A hydrogen production facility having equipment with a nitridation protective layer is provided. The hydrogen production facility can include a reformer configured to catalytically convert a feed stream into a product stream comprising hydrogen, the reformer having a plurality of catalyst tubes and a plurality of burners configured to provide heat to the catalyst tubes; means for providing the feed stream to the reformer from an ammonia source, wherein the feed stream comprises at least 90% of ammonia, wherein the plurality of catalyst tubes comprise a nitridation protective layer on an inner surface of the catalyst tubes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microplasma device and system thereof. The microplasma device comprises a reaction tank carrying with a reaction solution. A nanomaterial and its precursors are contained in the reaction solution. A first electrode is at least partially immersed in the reaction solution. A second electrode comprises a microplasma array component to eject microplasma array to the surface of the reaction solution. A power source is electrically connected between the first electrode and the second electrode. The present invention provides a novel microplasma array device to produce nanomaterial with increased yield rate. The microplasma array device can be multiplied by adding the outlet of the microplasma as desired to produce nanomaterial including but not limited to nano-metal particles, carbon quantum dots, silicon quantum dots and plasma-activated water with higher yield rate.

Abstract: A device and method for forming NO-containing gas flow to treat a biological object is disclosed. The device may include an anode, a cathode, an interelectrode area between the cathode and the anode, an NO-containing gas flow outlet channel leading from the interelectrode area to a nozzle for directing and releasing the NO-containing gas flow from the device and a mechanism to adjust a relative position between the anode and the cathode to produce varying concentrations of NO. In addition, the device may include one or more features for interconnecting the various components to ensure proper and consistent assembly of the device.

Abstract: A catalytic membrane composite that includes porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane is provided. The porous fibrillated polymer membrane may be manipulated to take the form of a tube, disc, or diced tape and used in multiphase reaction systems. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one finely divided metal catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. High catalytic activity is gained by the effective fine dispersion of the finely divided metal catalyst such that the metal catalyst covers the support substrate and/or is interspersed in the pores of the support substrate. In some embodiments, the catalytic membrane composite may be introduced to a stirred tank autoclave reactor system, a continuous flow reactor system, or a Parr Shaker reaction system and used to effect the catalytic reaction.

Abstract: The present application relates to nanopourous material. More specifically, the present application relates to nanoporous carbonaceous material for water adsorption, process for their preparation and uses thereof. The present application includes a nanoporous carbonaceous material comprising at least one pyrolyzed an organic compound-formaldehyde resin, which may be further functionalized.

Abstract: A method for preparing an adsorbent for a skin aging diagnosis based on a body odor volatile marker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: forming a graphene oxide;polyaniline (GO;PANI) compound layer through an electrochemical polymerization reaction of an electrolyte including graphene oxide and an aniline monomer; forming a graphene oxide;polyaniline/zinc oxide nanorods (GO;PANI/ZNRs) composite layer by growing zinc oxide nanorods on the GO;PANI compound layer; and forming a graphene oxide;polyaniline/zinc oxide nanorods/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (GO;PANI/ZNRs/ZIF-8) composite layer by reacting the GO;PANI/ZNRs composite layer with a 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) solution.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method to remove metals present in a mixture comprising one or more organic amines comprising the step of contacting the mixture with a silica-polyethyleneimine adsorbent.

Abstract: A layer structure having a solid substrate having a surface, the surface carrying a layer including a molecularly imprinted polymer, wherein the molecularly imprinted polymer is adapted to bind a glyphosate analyte, wherein the glyphosate analyte is selected from glyphosate, a glyphosate degradation product, a metabolite of glyphosate or a metabolite of the degradation product of glyphosate, wherein a fluorescence characteristic of the molecularly imprinted polymer changes upon binding of the glyphosate analyte. Further, a method for detecting a glyphosate analyte in a sample includes: providing the layer structure having the molecularly imprinted polymer; providing a fluidic contact of the layer structure with the sample or an organic extract of the sample; measuring a fluorescence property of the layer structure; and estimating a concentration of glyphosate or of the glyphosate related analyte at least semi-quantitatively.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for fabricating catalysts for ammonia decomposition. The method may comprise (a) subjecting a catalyst support to one or more physical or chemical processes to optimize one or more pores, morphologies, and/or surface chemistry or property of the catalyst support; (b) depositing a composite support material on the catalyst support, wherein the composite support material comprises a morphology or surface chemistry or property; and (c) depositing one or more active metals on at least one of the composite support material and the catalyst support, wherein the one or more active metals comprise one or more nanoparticles configured to conform to the morphology of the composite support material and/or catalyst support material, thereby optimizing one or more active sites on the nanoparticles for ammonia processing.

Abstract: To provide a means removing chlorine gas, which can remove chlorine gas contained in, for example, exhaust gas with high efficiency and does not require frequent exchange. A chlorine gas decomposition catalyst including a metal oxide (X), wherein the metal oxide (X) includes an oxide (X1) of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ce and Co.

Abstract: Provided is a nitrogen oxide removing denitrification catalyst having high durability against sulfur dioxide, a preparing method of the same, and a method for removing nitrogen oxide using the same. The denitrification catalyst is a quaternary denitrification catalyst containing vanadium-molybdenum-antimony-titania used in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction using an ammonia reductant to remove nitrogen oxides included in exhaust gases, antimony, molybdenum and vanadium are carried on a titania carrier, and molybdenum and vanadium are combined to be present in a form of a complex oxide (V2MoO8).

Abstract: Provided is a technique for molding a functional material without deteriorating the function of the functional material. A method for producing a functional material molded article of the present disclosure includes: dispersing a functional material in a water-alcohol mixed solution to obtain a liquid dispersion; impregnating a porous molding base material with the liquid dispersion to obtain an impregnated product; and drying the impregnated product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation method for a noble metal single atom three-way catalyst, a catalyst obtained by using the method, and a use of the catalyst for purifying motor vehicle exhaust gas. In the present invention, a nitrogen-containing compound is used for treating a noble metal single atom catalyst precursor, avoiding the agglomeration of noble metal single atoms into nanocrystalline particles. The catalyst obtained by the preparation method of the present invention is resistant to high temperature, is not prone to agglomerate, and is resistant to poisoning, and the amount of usage of noble metals is reduced while the purification efficiency of the catalyst for motor vehicle exhaust gas is effectively improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing sodium-catalyzed iron-aluminum inorganic catalyst for catalyzing a hydrogenation reaction of carbon dioxide. The method of preparing sodium-catalyzed iron-aluminum inorganic catalyst includes: a first step of mixing a precipitant solution formed by dissolving a basic precipitant with a reaction solution formed by dissolving an iron (Fe) precursor material and an aluminum (Al) precursor material, thereby forming a suspension solution; a second step of aging the suspension solution; a third step of separating powder from the aged suspension solution; a fourth step of drying the separated powder and then performing a first heat treatment, thereby forming first catalyst powder; and a fifth step of adding and stirring the first catalyst powder and a sodium precursor material to water and evaporating the water and then performing a second heat treatment, thereby preparing a sodium-introduced iron-aluminum inorganic catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composite oxide catalyst, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. The catalyst has the following general formula: MoFeaAlbPcOx, wherein a=0.25-0.5, b=0.001-0.2, c=0.001-0.6, and x is a number satisfying the valence of the general formula. The catalyst of the present invention has excellent low-temperature performance and thus has a long service life.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for the preparation of zeolitic material through condensed gel crystallizations and their use in an FCC Catalyst Additive composition. The present disclosure describes methods for improved preparation of zeolites by preparing an aqueous precursor mixture; removing at least 5 wt % of the total water from the aqueous precursor solution to create a solution with greater solids content; crystallizing the solution of step (b) to create a zeolite product. The resulting zeolite is used in an FCC Catalyst Additive composition comprising about 10 to about 70% wt % one or more zeolites, 0 wt % to about 25 wt % silica; 0 to about 50 wt % added alumina; and 0 to about 20% P2O5.

Abstract: Provided herein are immobilized chiral phosphoric acids and methods of using immobilized chiral phosphoric acids as catalysts for protecting group reactions.

Abstract: A method of activating a metal-organic framework material can include solvent exchanging the metal organic framework material with DME and then applying a vacuum to remove the DME and any residual solvent.

Abstract: A preparation method of a Mn-MOF-based cold-adapted nanozyme and a preparation method thereof. The method includes: preparing a Mn(CH3COO)3·2H2O solution by fully dissolving a manganese-containing precursor Mn(CH3COO)3·2H2O in a mixed solution of an alcohol and distilled water; wherein the alcohol is ethanol or methanol; preparing a benzenetricarboxylic acid solution by fully dissolving benzenetricarboxylic acid solid in the mixed solution of the alcohol and distilled water; reacting the Mn(CH3COO)3·2H2O solution with the benzenetricarboxylic acid solution sufficiently using co-precipitation; and centrifuging and removing a supernatant to obtain the MnBTC, where the MnBTC is nano-metal-organic framework (nano-MOF) with a particle size of less than 10 nm.

Abstract: A method of utilizing humic acid to prepare layered humic acid/manganese oxide composite catalyst and its application, the method includes the steps of: adding sodium hypochlorite, manganese salt and humic acid to a water source, stirring and mixing; then introducing into a filter device having a filter material of manganese and a support medium, and generating a layered humic acid/manganese oxide composite catalyst on a surface of the filter material while directing a continuous water flow of the water source into the filter device with a short empty bed contact time for a short time. The catalyst can be used to effectively remove manganese to maintain an effluent with a Mn2+ concentration of not more than 20 ?g/L and to effectively remove heavy metals such as iron, manganese, arsenic, thallium, molybdenum or lead from the water source under neutral, acidic or alkaline conditions with a removal rate of 95% more.

Abstract: A method of forming a batch of porous catalytic carrier filaments may include providing a precursor mixture, forcing the precursor mixture at a fixed rate through an orifice and then through a multiplicity of perforations in a belt, where the belt moves across and in tight registry with said orifice to form a batch of precursor catalytic carrier filaments, drying the batch of precursor porous catalytic carrier filaments to form the batch of porous catalytic carrier filaments, and firing (i.e. calcining) the batch of greenware porous catalytic carrier filaments to form the batch of porous catalytic carrier filaments. The batch of porous catalytic carrier filaments may have an average pore volume of at least about 0.1 cm3/g.

Abstract: Processes for making and using slurry catalyst mixtures. In some embodiments, the process for making the slurry catalyst mixture can include introducing a mineral oil into a vessel. The mineral oil can be heated to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 80° C. to produce a heated mineral oil. A moisture concentration of the heated mineral oil can be reduced to produce a dried mineral oil. Catalyst particles can be introduced into the dried mineral oil to produce a mixture. The mixture can be agitated for at least 2 hours to remove at least a portion of any gas present within pores of the catalyst particles to produce the slurry catalyst mixture. The slurry catalyst mixture can be free of or include ?1 wt % of any wax having a melting point, at atmospheric pressure, of ?25° C., based on a total weight of the slurry catalyst mixture.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic composite catalyst wherein the organic-inorganic composite catalyst includes a porous carbonaceous particle, a first compound; and a metal oxide particle, wherein the first compound and the metal oxide particle are supported on the porous carbonaceous particle, the first compound contains a polar functional group, an anion, or a combination thereof, the metal oxide is represented by the formula MaOb, wherein 0<a?4, 0<b?5, and M is a metal of Groups 2 to 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements, or a combination thereof, and the organic-inorganic composite catalyst is configured to remove a second compound from an unpurified air flow including the second compound.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a cooling system includes the steps of introducing an ion exchange resin into a cooling path, performing ion cleaning of a coolant in the cooling path with the ion exchange resin, and adding an additive to the cooling path after removing the ion exchange resin from the cooling path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plunger rod (10) for a liquid transfer device (100), wherein the plunger rod (10) is of two- or multipart construction. The plunger rod (10) has a first plunger rod component (12), which is in operative connection with an actuating device (110) of the liquid transfer device (100), and a second plunger rod component (14). The plunger rod (10) further comprises a sealing seat (16) for receiving a sealing element (18) for the plunger rod (10), wherein a parting line (20) between the first plunger rod component (12) and the second plunger rod component (14) is configured such that the sealing seat (16) is free of parting line flash (22). The invention further relates to a method for producing such a plunger rod (10) and a liquid transfer device (100), in particular a pipette (102, 104, 106) and/or a multichannel bottom part (108) for a pipette (102, 104), with such a plunger rod (10).

Abstract: Broad volumetric range pipettes with multi-tiered pipette tip holder and ejection assemblies and methods of using such pipettes are disclosed herein. These pipettes typically include a concentric cylinder arrangement with each outer cylinder configured for contacting and dislodging a pipette tip attached to the tip holder portion of the immediately adjacent inner cylinder. In this manner, different sized pipette tips can be used on a single device. In addition, a locking mechanism is described for locking the large tip holder into a downward position to minimize the extension of the small tip holder and thereby enabling attachment of large, filtered pipette tips and reducing/eliminating the risk that the liquid being transferred will contaminate the pipetting device.

Abstract: A system and method for target material retrieval and processing, the system comprising: an adaptor configured to interface with a capture region of a capture substrate for capturing particles in single-particle format within a set of wells, wherein the adaptor comprises a first region configured to interface with the capture region, a second region, and a cavity extending from the first region to the second region; and a support structure coupled to the adaptor and providing a set of operation modes for movement of the adaptor relative to the capture substrate. The system enables methods for magnetic and/or other force-based methods of retrieval of target material (e.g., derived from single cells).

Abstract: A system for buoyant separation includes a separation container. Additionally or alternatively, the system can include an automated instrument, one or more processing components, and/or any other components. A method for buoyant separation can include any or all of: manipulating the separation container; adding materials to the separation container; removing materials form the separation container; otherwise processing the separation container; and/or any other processes.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to make and/or process a diagnostic test device are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first portion including an opening; a second portion coupled to the first portion and house a lateral flow assay strip, the second portion including a first clip; and a push button located within the opening of the first portion, the push button moveable from a first position to a second position, the push button including a second clip to engage the first clip of the second portion to maintain the push button in the second position when moved into the second position.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a plurality of microdroplets from a droplet includes a substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate and having a plurality of hydrophilic surface regions spaced apart from each other by a hydrophobic surface, and a plurality of electrodes covered by the dielectric layer. The electrodes are configured to form an electric field across the droplet in response to voltages provided by a control circuit to move the droplet across the dielectric layer in a lateral direction while leaving portions of the droplet on the hydrophilic surface regions to form the plurality of microdroplets on the hydrophilic surface regions.

Abstract: A crusher includes an internal combustion engine, a crusher unit and a drive train connecting the internal combustion engine and the crusher unit. The drive train includes a motor coupling, a crusher unit coupling and a motor generator. The motor generator includes a motor rotor and a motor stator. The motor rotor includes a motor generator shaft coupled to both an output end of the motor coupling and an input end of the crusher unit coupling in a rotationally fixed manner. The motor generator has a motor mode of operation in which the motor generator provides mechanical work for driving the crusher unit. The motor generator has a generator mode of operation in which the motor generator is driven by the internal combustion engine to generate electrical power.