Abstract: A routing optimization system may determine a plurality of routes based on one or more changes to an initial route. Each change generates a respective route of the plurality of routes. The routing optimization system may store route information for each route. The route information, for each route, includes cost information identifying a cost associated with the route. The route information is stored in a respective entry of a data structure. The routing optimization system may determine that a particular route, associated with a lowest cost out of costs associated with the plurality of routes, is to be selected from the plurality of routes. The routing optimization system may determine whether an entry, of a plurality of entries associated with the plurality of routes, is empty. The routing optimization system may select the particular route based on the plurality of entries after determining that the entry is not empty.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for navigating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) that utilizes ADV an-onboard computer and/or one or more ADV control system nodes in an ADV network platform. The on-board computer receives sensor data concerning one or more occupants occupying an ADV and/or the ADV itself and, upon a detection of an event, automatically initiates a dynamic routing algorithm that utilizes artificial intelligence to re-route the ADV to another destination, for example a healthcare facility. One or more embodiment of the system and method include an ADV on-board computer and/or one or more ADV network platform nodes that utilize in-memory processing to aid in the generation of routing, health and navigational information to advantageously navigate an ADV.

Abstract: The present information processing device includes a processor configured to determine, based on information indicating vehicle behavior about a plurality of vehicles, a boarding and alighting place of a transport vehicle that transports a user among places satisfying a predetermined condition concerning behavior of the plurality of vehicles.

Abstract: A vehicle according to the present disclosure includes a first riding space and a second riding space, each of which is a riding position on one side and the other side of a right side and a left side with respect to a front-rear direction, respectively, and is configured to: acquire a traveling route; identify a side where a landscape viewed from the vehicle is good from among the right side and the left side with respect to a traveling direction; identify a preferential space in which a degree of preferential treatment of a passenger riding in the first riding space or the second riding space is high; and determine the forward direction and the backward direction when the vehicle travels on the traveling route such that the preferential space is set to the side where the landscape viewed from the vehicle is good.

Abstract: Systems and methods of determining vehicle travel routes taken by vehicles traveling between a plurality of starting and ending locations may: Identify as Trips pathways previously followed by the vehicles between various starting and ending locations; group into Groups of Trips those Trips having common pairs of starting and ending locations; separate into different Collections of Trips those Groups of Trips having Trips that followed different pathways between the common pairs of starting and ending locations; determine a Common Route for each Collection of Trips based on a number of times each road segment was traversed by the vehicles; form Current Routes by combining Common Routes having similar road segments; and select a Current Route between a defined starting location and a defined ending location, the Current Route representing the most commonly followed route previously taken by the vehicles between the defined starting and ending location.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing locations of interest.

Abstract: In some implementations, a mobile device transmit traffic information to a server for analysis. The traffic information includes movement information including detected stops and durations of detected stops. The traffic information is analyzed to detect traffic patterns that indicate locations of stop signs and/or stop lights. The traffic information is analyzed to determine durations of stops at stop signs and/or stop lights. The durations of stops is associated with a time of day and/or day of the week. In some implementations, navigational routes is determined based stop sign and/or stop light information, including the delays attributable to detected stop signs and/or stop lights.

Abstract: A voice enabled device can assist a computing device, such as a server, in processing/analyzing a voice input. The voice enabled device can initiate a network communication session and transmit the voice input to the computing device. The computing device can classify the voice input as a type of communication session (e.g., conversation, etc. . . . ). Based on the type of communication session, the computing device can either remain in communication with the voice enabled device and continue to process voice input or terminate the communication after instructing the voice enabled device to process the voice input.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for a displaying a route in a first electronic device. A first message is received from a second electronic device. First position information included in the first message is identified. The first position information includes position information of the second electronic device. A user input for selecting the first message from a plurality of messages is received. Position information of the first electronic device is calculated. Route information between a start position and a destination position is received from a navigation server. The start position corresponds to the position information of the first electronic device and the destination position corresponds to the position information of the second electronic device. Based at least on receiving the route information from the navigation server, a route representing the received route information between the start position and the destination position is displayed on the first electronic device.

Abstract: A vehicle display device includes a display that is mounted on a vehicle and superimposes and displays an image on a real landscape in front with respect to a front windshield, a controller that controls the display, and a position information acquisition unit that acquires a position of a preceding vehicle. The controller calculates a first virtual straight line that connects the position of the preceding vehicle and a position of the vehicle. When the controller determines that the first virtual straight line is along a straight direction of the vehicle, the controller displays a marker image at a position below the preceding vehicle. When the controller determines that the first virtual straight line is inclined with respect to the straight direction, the controller performs display movement control to display the marker image so as to be shifted from the position below the preceding vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining travel information of a vehicle on a predetermined route includes determining a usual travel time on the route and determining a current travel time on the route on the basis of a current traffic flow on the route. The method further includes determining a predicted travel time on the basis of a traffic flow on the route at the time at which the vehicle is expected to travel on said route. The method also includes providing a deviation of the predicted travel time from the usual travel time and providing a deviation of the predicted travel time from the current travel time.

Abstract: Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for interaction between a user and a machine. In one implementation, machine status information for the machine is received at a dedicated machine component. The machine status information is published onto a distributed node system network of the machine. The machine status information is ingested at a primary interface controller, and an interactive user interface is generated using the primary interface controller. The interactive user interface is generated based on the machine status information. In some implementations, input is received from the user at the primary interface controller through the interactive user interface, and a corresponding action is delegated to one or more subsystems of the machine using the distributed node system network.

Abstract: A method includes receiving sensor data from a plurality of sensors of a plurality of vehicles. The sensor data includes vehicle GPS data and sensed lane line data of the roadway. The method further includes creating a plurality of multi-layer bitmaps for each of the plurality of vehicles using the sensor data, fusing the plurality of the multi-layer bitmaps of each of the plurality of vehicles to create a fused multi-layer bitmap, creating a plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps using the fused multi-layer bitmap, extracting lane line data from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps, and creating the high-definition (HD) map of the roadway using the multi-layer probability density bitmaps and the lane line data extracted from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps.

Abstract: A map update device includes a processor configured to identify one or more registered features within a predetermined distance of the position of a feature indicated by feature data received from a vehicle among individual registered features represented in map information, associate the feature indicated by the feature data with a registered feature of the same type as the feature indicated by the feature data or of a type belonging to the same group as the type of the feature among the one or more identified registered features, by referring to feature group information indicating two or more similar types among a plurality of types of the features as the same group, and update at least the position or type of a registered feature, based on the positions or types of the features indicated by the feature data associated with the registered feature.

Abstract: An edge device for providing an HD map to a vehicle is provided. The edge device includes a controller programmed to obtain an HD map request including a task type from a vehicle, obtain a status of a wireless channel between the vehicle and the edge device, determine an HD map version among a plurality of versions based on the status of the wireless channel and the task type, and transmit the determined HD map version to the vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for computer-assisted sensor calibration where the computer receives raw accelerometer data, raw gyroscope data, and raw magnetometer data and performs spatial calibration. The calibration data is used to calculate orientation data, and then then calibrated data and calibration data are used to provide corrected linear acceleration data that may be used by sensors to provide more accurate readings, for example, with regard to physiological data. In certain embodiments, in certain embodiments, the sensor calibration further employs a 9-axis IMU (“Inertial Measurement Unit”) comprising an accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer to provide calibration data.

Abstract: A contactless position sensor comprises a permanent magnet generating a magnetic field and at least one element for detecting magnetic fields (or magneto-sensitive element) in at least two directions. The permanent magnet is capable of moving in a movement direction and has a continuously variable magnetization in the movement direction. The variation in the magnetization has, along the different field components, a shape corresponding to a combination of at least two different quasi-periodic contributions. The sensor further comprises a computer for combining the values of these field components and for determining a precise value of the position.

Abstract: An inductive type position encoder includes a scale, a detector portion and a signal processor. According to one aspect, field generating elements and sensing elements of the detector portion are provided on opposite sides of the scale such that at least part of the scale is between the field generating elements and the sensing elements (transmissive configuration). According to another aspect, the scale comprises a periodic scale pattern including signal modulating elements that are disposed along a scale direction, which is not parallel to a measuring axis direction of the encoder and is slanted at a scale angle relative to the measuring axis direction, such that there is a corresponding y-direction displacement for a given x-direction displacement of the encoder. These aspects of the disclosure make it possible to design a very compact inductive type position encoder, including one capable of indicating an absolute position along the scale.

Abstract: An inductive type position encoder includes a scale, a detector portion and a signal processor. According to one aspect, field generating elements and sensing elements of the detector portion are provided on opposite sides of the scale such that at least part of the scale is between the field generating elements and the sensing elements (transmissive configuration). According to another aspect, the scale comprises a periodic scale pattern including signal modulating elements that are disposed along a scale direction, which is not parallel to a measuring axis direction of the encoder and is slanted at a scale angle relative to the measuring axis direction, such that there is a corresponding y-direction displacement for a given x-direction displacement of the encoder. These aspects of the disclosure make it possible to design a very compact inductive type position encoder, including one capable of indicating an absolute position along the scale.

Abstract: A receiver coil of an inductive angular position sensor can have circuit features that become smaller than reasonable for high resolution measurement designs. This is especially true when multiple receiver coils are used, such as in a three-phase configuration, and when each of the multiple receiver coils is in a twisted loop configuration. The disclosed inductive angular position sensor utilizes different spatial frequencies for a rotor coil and the receiver coils. For example, the spatial frequency of the receiver coils may be kept smaller than the rotor coil. In this condition, the fundamental frequency of the angular position sensor is shifted to the least common multiple of the spatial frequencies, making the angular resolution of the inductive angular position sensor high, while the circuit features of the receiver coils are maintained at a reasonable size.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing tool (“MST”) uses differentials in induced voltage to detect the approximate location of a ferric target tool within surface pressure control equipment associated with a wellhead. The MST comprises a transmitter coil and two receiver coils configured such that a voltage generated in the transmitter coil induces a baseline voltage, and a baseline voltage differential, in the receiver coils when no target tool is present. A target tool passing axially through the MST will disrupt the magnetic fields inducing the voltages, such that variations in the voltage differential can be used to detect the approximate location of the target tool. The MST can be deployed alone or in series depending on the requirements of detection of the target tool.

Abstract: The utility model designs a hail detection sensor, which includes an electrically conductive base and a plurality of detection components; the detection component is provided with a support, a displacement detection device, an elastic body and a force-bearing part, and the surface of the force-bearing part has a Zone 1 for the impact of the measured hail, which is a conductor, the force-bearing part is fixed on the support through an elastic body, and the displacement detection device is used to obtain the first signal reflecting the mechanical vibration generated by the impact of the force-bearing part. There is a gap between each Zone 1. The area of each Zone 1 is smaller than the standard hail density measurement area, and the sum of the areas of each Zone 1 is larger than the standard hail density measurement area; at least one of the support members is fixed to the base, and each force-bearing component is electrically connected to the base and passed through the base electrically connected to earth.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a bridge circuit including a first arm and a second arm, a first substrate, and a second substrate. The first arm is provided on the first substrate. The second arm is provided on the second substrate. The first arm includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series. The second arm includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series. The second substrate is located at a position away from the first substrate so that a phase of a resistance of the second arm when a target magnetic field changes periodically is different from that of a resistance of the first arm when the target magnetic field change periodically.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotation determination device capable of determining a rotational operation of a rotating body even if started from an intermediate position, comprising: an encoder section that generates two pulse signals out of phase with each other by the rotating body's rotation; an acquisitor that acquires the levels of two pulse signals; a detector that detects signal changes in two pulse signals; an edge pattern determiner that determines an edge pattern from one pulse signal with detected signal change and an input signal level of the other pulse signal, when the detector detects the signal change; a setter that sets a reference signal level with the input signal level as an initial value. When a specific edge pattern that changes according to the reference signal level matches the edge pattern determined by the edge pattern determiner, a rotation determiner determines the rotational operation of the rotating body.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sensor mounting apparatus and associated method, e.g. for use in testing of a vehicle sensor in an anechoic chamber. The apparatus features a sensor mounting device for mounting the sensor and a vehicle part mounting device comprised of first, second and third frames. Each frame is movable in a different direction relative to the sensor and each other frame, e.g. either: adjustable forward and back, left and right, up and down, and/or via roll, yaw and pitch. The outermost third frame further includes an attachment means for holding a vehicle part (e.g. a vehicle fascia/bumper) in place and provision for further adjustment of the part relative to the sensor in use, e.g. via a pivot mounting enabling yaw movement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (100) for processing operating data of a flow arrangement (2) of an apparatus (3) comprising a first conveying line (10) having a first flow resistor (11) and a second conveying line (20) having a second flow resistor (21) and being connected in parallel to the first conveying line (10) for a fluid flow (40) in the flow arrangement (2). Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program product, and to a flow system (1).

Abstract: An airflow sensor system for an air duct including a damper positioned therein is provided. The controller is configured to determine, via a first pressure sensor, a first airflow measurement based on a first one or more pressure measurements. The controller is further configured to determine, via a second pressure sensor and a damper position sensor, a second airflow measurement based on a second one or more pressure measurements and one or more damper position measurements. The first airflow measurement and the second airflow measurement have a first uncertainty value and a second uncertainty value associated therewith. The controller is further configured to determine an estimated airflow based on weighted values of the first airflow measurement and the second airflow measurement. The weighted values are based on the airflow measurements and the uncertainty values associate therewith.

Abstract: Provided are a method, an apparatus, and a parameter training method for friction loss-based differential pressure flow rate measurement. The method includes receiving pipe information on a pipe through which fluid passes from a measurement sensor installed on the pipe, calculating physical properties of the fluid based on the pipe information, obtaining a first parameter related to pressure loss of the fluid that occurs in a first passing route in the pipe, obtaining a second parameter related to pressure loss of the fluid that occurs in a second passing route in the pipe, and outputting a flow rate of the fluid based on the pipe information, the physical properties of the fluid, the first parameter, and the second parameter.

Abstract: An insertable flow meter assembly includes a flow measuring device configured to be inserted into a flow passage of a receiving structure. The flow measuring device is configured to enable determination of a flow rate of fluid through the flow passage, the flow measuring device is formed as a single continuous structure, and an outer cross-section of at least a portion of the flow measuring device is configured to be substantially the same as an inner cross-section of the flow passage. The insertable flow meter assembly also includes an end cap configured to engage an exterior surface of the receiving structure and to couple to the receiving structure at an end of the flow passage. The end cap is configured to block movement of the flow measuring device out of the end of the flow passage.

Abstract: Device for measuring the volume and volumetric flow in hydrants and hose connections, and in a generic way in any outlet or installation in which the space available for the installation of a flowmeter, meter or any currently existing system for the determination of the flow velocity, is not possible or is very expensive. It consists of replacing the hose outlet fitting by a modified one wherein a system for creating a differential pressure to the fluid path is enabled inside. From the reading of this differential pressure, the flow that circulates through the outlet fitting will be deduced, and along with the time, the volume transferred. It will also serve as a consumption detector at the outlet.

Abstract: A test device for a modular magnetic-inductive flowmeter is disclosed. The test device allows for a dry functional test which does not require measurement of a current through a coil of the modular magnetic-inductive flowmeter. The test device includes a test controller and a test measuring module for a measuring module receptacle of the modular magnetic-inductive flowmeter. The test measuring module has a holder with a magnetic field sensor. The test controller stores at least one setpoint value of at least one variable of the magnetic field. The test controller is designed to measure at least one actual value of the at least one magnitude of the magnetic field using the magnetic field sensor when the test measuring module is inserted into the measuring module receptacle and to determine a deviation of the at least one actual value from the at least one setpoint value and to display the deviation.

Abstract: A flow meter (1) includes a flow tube (3) and sensors (19a, 19b), that generate signals for measuring a fluid flow through the flow tube. An electronics housing (5) accommodates a battery (23) and a printed circuit board, PCB (15). The PCB is equipped with electronics. A pair of elongate connector elements (29) electrically connect axial end contacts (27) of the battery with the PCB for powering the electronics and/or sensors by the battery. The battery is arranged at a distance (D3) to the PCB. The pair of elongate connector elements includes a first end section (31), connected to the PCB, a contact section (33), connected to one of the end contacts of the battery, and a second end section (35). The electronics housing includes inward protrusions. The second end sections of the pair of elongate connector elements abut axially against the inward protrusions to fix the battery axially.

Abstract: A device for measuring volume of spherical tanks, includes a base, four supporting rods, a driving mechanism, a rotating disc and a counterweight mechanism. The base is provided with a first through hole and a circular fixing base with a second through hole. The supporting rods are circumferentially provided on the fixing base, with a sliding rod slidably provided at the lower side. An outer end of the sliding rod is provided with a limiting plate. The driving mechanism can drive the sliding rods to move simultaneously in radial directions. The rotating disc with a third through hole is arranged on the fixing base, and is rotatably provided with a reel around which a steel tape is wound. A free end of the steel tape is provided with a balancing disc whose opposite sides are provided with laser rangefinders. The counterweight mechanism can keep the balancing disc stable.

Abstract: There is provided a method of measuring liquid volume in a sealed container of a breast pump of known volume comprising liquid and gas. The method includes a measurement phase, measuring the volume of gas in the container by changing a first parameter of the gas by a known amount. The method also includes measuring a change in a second parameter of the gas; calculating the volume of gas in the container using the measured change and a predetermined operation equation; and determining the volume of liquid in the container based on the calculation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for treating containers with a transport device which transports the containers to be treated along a predetermined transport path, wherein said transport device has a rotatable transport carrier at which a plurality of treatment stations for treating the containers is arranged, wherein the apparatus has a clean room within which the containers are treated in a predetermined manner, and with a sealing device which seals said clean room from an environment, wherein said sealing device has a reservoir which can be filled with a liquid medium, and with a sensor device for measuring a filling level of said liquid medium at least indirectly. The sensor device is arranged in a supply line which can be brought into flow connection with the reservoir.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed relate to systems and methods for detecting a cryogenic fluid level in a container. In an embodiment, a system includes a plurality of sensors and a controller. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to detect a property relating to a phase of cryogenic fluid. The plurality of sensors are coupled together and vertically spaced from one another when positioned in the container. The controller coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to determine an approximate cryogenic fluid level in the container based on a single measurement derived from the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A fill level sensor monitors the level of material, such as grain, in a storage silo. A controller includes a logic circuit, a solenoid assembly including an electromagnet fixedly attached to an external wall of the silo and a plunger which is displaceable in response to electrical energization of the electromagnet between a first position spaced from the silo wall and a second position contacting the silo wall to affect an impact noise. A microphone detects each time the plunger contacts the wall. A memory records each plunger strike, and the time between successive plunger strikes. The controller and microphone are affixed to an outer wall of the silo by permanent magnets. A warning signal alerts when a fill level drops below a pre-determined level or reports in real time the estimate of the fill level in terms of percentages or actual height from the bottom of the silo.

Abstract: A counting scale includes a weighing pan, a weighing sensor connected to the weighing pan, a storage unit including a registered data table storing, as registered data, a unique identification number, an article name, and a unit weight with respect to one article, an arithmetic processing unit configured to urge placement of one piece of the target article on the weighing pan, calculate a unit weighed value of the one piece of the target article from the weighing sensor, narrow down registered data including a unit weight within a predetermined range with respect to the unit weighed value as candidate data from the registered data table, and obtain sorted candidate data by selecting and sorting the candidate data in ascending order of absolute value of deviation from the unit weighed value, and a display unit configured to display the sorted candidate data.

Abstract: A weighing device configured to be placed on a floor and to measure at least the weight of a user or an object, the weighing device including a main body and at least one foot protruding out of the main body along a foot axis, the foot being configured to be on the floor, wherein the foot includes an open cavity. There is also provided a weighing system including a weighing device and a carped pad to be inserted in the open cavity.

Abstract: A luggage case includes: a base configured to accommodate items therein; a cover disposed on the base; and a scale. The scale includes: one or more load sensors disposed on the base; and a controller configured to determine a weight of the luggage case based on signals generated by the one or more load sensors. The scale is configured to be automatically powered on in response to the cover being placed in an open position at least partially exposing an interior space of the base. The scale is configured to be automatically powered off in response to the cover being placed in a closed position in which the cover and the base enclose an interior space of the luggage case.

Abstract: A system for continuously monitoring at least one machine including a plurality of magnetic sensors synchronously sensing magnetic fields emitted by at least one machine, the plurality of magnetic sensors sensing the magnetic fields along a corresponding plurality of channels and outputting magnetic field emission signals corresponding to the magnetic fields, a signal analyzer receiving at least a portion of the magnetic field emission signals and performing analysis of the magnetic field emission signals, the signal analyzer providing an output based on the analysis, the output including at least an indication of a condition of the at least one machine and a control module receiving the indication of the condition and initiating at least one of a repair event on the at least one machine, an adjustment to a maintenance schedule of the at least one machine and an adjustment to an operating parameter of the at least one machine based on the indication, whereby efficacy of the at least one machine is improved.

Abstract: There is provided a gyro vibrometer configured to detect vibration of a subject with high sensitivity. The gyro vibrometer includes a support body including an opening portion, a film disposed on the support body in which part of the film is located over the opening portion, and at least one gyro sensor disposed on a surface on the opening side of the film.

Abstract: The spectrometer includes: a light source unit emitting a laser beam; a mirror unit including a first plane mirror having a first mirror surface and a second plane mirror having a second mirror surface, wherein a measurement target is introduced between the first mirror surface and the second mirror surface; and a light detector detecting the laser beam returned by multiple reflection between the first mirror surface and the second mirror surface. The first mirror surface and the second mirror surface are arranged non-parallel to each other when viewed from the Z-axis direction so as to form an optical path of the laser beam reciprocating in the Y-axis direction while performing multiple reflection between the first mirror surface and the second mirror surface. The optical path of the laser beam between the first mirror surface and the second mirror surface is inclined with respect to the Z-axis direction.

Abstract: Wearable spectroscopy systems and methods for identifying one or more characteristics of a target object are described. Spectroscopy systems may include a light source configured to emit light in an irradiated field of view and an electromagnetic radiation detector configured to receive reflected light from a target object irradiated by the light source. One or more processors of the systems may identify a characteristic of the target object based on a determined level of light absorption by the target object. Some systems and methods may include one or more corrections for scattered and/or ambient light such as applying an ambient light correction, passing the reflected light through an anti-scatter grid, or using a time-dependent variation in the emitted light.

Abstract: A device may determine a time-of-flight measurement by performing a sample of a sensor based on light received via at least one first spectral filter, wherein the at least one first spectral filter is associated with a spectral range for a time-of-flight measurement; determine that a condition is satisfied with regard to the time-of-flight measurement, wherein the condition relates to an orientation or a position of the sensor or the sensor device relative to a measurement target; trigger a spectrometry measurement to be performed based on determining that the condition is satisfied with regard to the time-of-flight measurement; and perform, based on light received via at least one second spectral filter and by performing a sample of the sensor, the spectrometry measurement for the measurement target based on the condition being satisfied with regard to the time-of-flight measurement.

Abstract: In some implementations, a device may identify, based on spectroscopic data, a pseudo steady state end point indicating an end of a pseudo steady state associated with the blending process. The device may identify a reference block and a test block from the spectroscopic data based on the pseudo steady state end point. The device may generate a raw detection signal associated with the reference block and a raw detection signal associated with the test block. The device may generate a statistical detection signal based on the raw detection signal associated with the reference block and the raw detection signal associated with the test block. The device may determine whether the blending process has reached a steady state based on the statistical detection signal.

Abstract: A wavelength of incident light is measured based on signals from a plurality of pixels of a photoelectric conversion element that are arranged in a dispersion direction in which the incident light is dispersed by a spectroscopic section. In correction of a shift in wavelength, a measured amount of shift in wavelength that is a difference between a measured value obtained when an emission line wavelength of incident light from a light source for wavelength shift correction that emits light including an emission line at least one wavelength in a range of wavelengths into which light can be dispersed by the spectroscopic section is measured and an original emission line wavelength is calculated. A reference amount of shift in emission line wavelength is calculated by a polynomial in which a characteristic of a wavelength shift that occurs is represented by a linear or higher polynomial with a variable indicating the wavelength or a parameter relating to the wavelength.

Abstract: Improved resolution of a time-varying optical measurement is provided with optical intensity modulator(s) having a bandwidth greater than that of the detector array(s). The modulator configuration can have high photon collection efficiency, e.g. by using polarization modulation to split the incident light into several time-gated channels.

Abstract: An electronic state splitter for atoms comprises an atom supplier, an atom movement path, a probe laser source, and a magnetic field generator. The atom supplier supplies atoms moving at a constant velocity along the atom movement path. The probe laser source supplies a probe laser propagating in the atom movement path in the same direction as or opposite to the motion of the atoms on the same axis as the atom movement path. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field orthogonal to the atom movement path in the atom movement path to mix the wave function of the clock upper state with the electronic state allowing electric dipole transitions, allowing pulsed excitation of clock transitions by the probe laser uniform in time and space. Accordingly, continuous spectroscopy of atomic transitions and frequency control of the probe laser are possible, which improves the stability of the atomic clock.

Abstract: A cartridge storing a therapeutic agent can be authenticated before the therapeutic agent is applied to a user using an inexpensive process involving cloud storage and color detection. An applicator for delivering the therapeutic agent can include a space for receiving a cartridge that can be selected from a group of cartridges, a color sensor configured to detect the color of a color-coded identifying mark on the selected cartridge, and a processor that can receive profile information from a cloud service, including color information of what the color-code identifying mark should be, and match the color of the color-coded identifying mark on the cartridge with the color information. The processor can control if the applicator allows delivery of the therapeutic agent based on the authentication. The profile information can be uploaded by scanning a QR code on the cartridge and uploading associated data to the cloud service.