Abstract: A composition comprising an active material and method for forming the same. The method for manufacturing an active material can include preparing one or more polychalcogen containing liquids, preparing a graphene nanoplatelet containing liquid, preparing an organic acid liquid, and mixing the various liquids, which can be in the form of liquids, suspensions or emulsions, to form a mixture. Additionally, the method can include filtering the mixture to produce a filtrate, and drying the filtrate to produce the active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reclamation and recycling process for graphene oxide, a scaffold comprising graphene oxide, a modular graphene oxide-based microbial fluid filter and a filter tool that allows the correct compression pressure of a modular filtration cartridge, and prevents internal leakage along the internal wall of the filter and thus provides correct sealing of the filter. Such modular graphene oxide-based microbial fluid filter does not require a sub-micrometer pore filtering medium, yet has a microbial filtration efficiency of up to 99.99% and the ability to filter particulates while still providing the filtration flow rates of current filters that do not employ a sub-micrometer pore filtering medium.

Abstract: A silicon carbide powder including carbon; and silicon, wherein a flow index under a major principal consolidation stress of 9 kPa is 0.005 to 0.3, and a flow index under a major principal consolidation stress of 0.3 kPa is 0.01 to 0.5.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing porous silicon particles includes providing a rotary tube furnace including a tube extending between a first opening and a second opening opposite the first opening. The method includes providing a silica precursor, a metal reducing agent, and a thermal moderator as a mixture to an interior cavity of the tube through the first opening. The method includes rotating the tube containing the mixture. The method includes performing a thermal treatment to the mixture in the tube to produce a reaction product that includes the porous silicon particles. The method further includes collecting the reaction product at the second opening, where the steps of providing the mixture, rotating the tube, performing the thermal treatment, and collecting the reaction product are performed concurrently such that the porous silicon particles are produced in a continuous manner.

Abstract: A Y-type molecular sieve and a preparation method therefor are provided. The grain size of the molecular sieve is 20-100 nm, preferably 40-70 nm, and more preferably 50-60 nm. The molar ratio of silica/alumina in the molecular sieve is 4.5-7, preferably 5.0-6.5, and more preferably 6.0-6.5. The proportion of 40-70 nm grains in the molecular sieve that is measured by means of a dynamic photoelectron scattering method is 80%-95%, and preferably 85%-93%. The Y-type molecular sieve has a small grain size, concentrated grain distribution, high silica-alumina ratio and good hydrothermal stability, and can meet the needs of industrial production.

Abstract: A halide producing method according to the present disclosure includes heat-treating a material mixture that is a material containing an MOx powder and an NH4X powder in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum. M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I, x is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, and Requirement (a) or Requirement (b) below is satisfied, D1?D2 and D2?D1?0.5×D2??(a) D2<D1 and D1?D2?0.5×D1??(b) where an average particle diameter of the MOx powder is denoted by D1, and an average particle diameter of the NH4X powder is denoted by D2.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to novel functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) that are used, for example, for enhanced recovery and separation of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions. The liquids and processes disclosed herein lead to greater separation efficiency, increased stability of separation materials, increased selectivity, and a reduced amount of waste materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to processes for preparing metal oxide nanosheets. In particular, the process may comprise generating a liquid metal film comprising a metal oxide surface layer, and exfoliating the metal oxide surface layer to form a metal oxide nanosheet. The present disclosure also relates generally to devices comprising the metal oxide nanosheets, such as piezoelectric generators and sensors.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composite electron transport material and a preparation method therefor, and a light-emitting diode. The composite electron transport material includes a core and at least one shell coating the core. The core is made of an inorganic electron transport material; the shell is made of a material including a metal oxide; and a band gap of the metal oxide is wider than that of the inorganic electron transport material. In the composite electron transport material, by covering modification of the core by the shell, the band gap, the conduction band energy level, and the electrical conductivity of the inorganic electron transport material are improved.

Abstract: An array of transition metal tubular architectures, where the transition metal tubular architectures are comprised of a transition metal oxide, sulfide, or selenide, and wherein transition metal tubular architectures are less than 100 nm in length. The transition metal tubular architectures can be at least partially crystalline. Within the array of transition metal tubular architectures, at least 80% of the transition metal tubular architectures can be less than 100 nm in length.

Abstract: A method for producing manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate includes a pulverization and washing step of pulverizing and washing a manganese-containing by-product, a leaching step of leaching the pulverized manganese-containing by-product after the pulverization and washing step to produce a leachate, a neutralization step of neutralizing the leachate produced in the leaching step, an impurity removal step of removing impurities from the leachate neutralized in the neutralization step, a solvent extraction step of recovering manganese in the form of an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate from a process liquid subjected to the impurity removal step by using a solvent extraction method, and a crystallization step of producing manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate by evaporating and concentrating the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate produced in the solvent extraction step.

Abstract: A positive active material includes a first positive active material including a lithium nickel-based composite oxide and including secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, and a cobalt coating portion on a surface of the secondary particles; and a second positive active material including a lithium nickel-based composite oxide and including single particles and a cobalt coating portion on a surface of the single particles, wherein the surface of the single particles includes a high-concentration coating region having a cobalt content of greater than or equal to about 30 at % and a low-concentration coating region having a cobalt content of less than or equal to about 25 at % based on the total amount of nickel and cobalt, and a difference between the cobalt content in the high-concentration coating region and a cobalt content in the low-concentration coating region is about 20 at % to about 50 at %.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the formation of electrochemically active materials such as lithiated transition metal oxides that solve prior issues with throughput and calcination. The processes include forming the materials in the presence of a processing additive that includes potassium prior to calcination that produces active materials with increased primary particle grain sizes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a lithium ion battery with low capacity loss, which comprises an cathode material, a anode material and an electrolyte. The cathode material has a chemical formula Li(9x+2y+z)MnyMezO(3y+z)N2xX3x (xLi9N2X3·yLi2MnO3·zA), and has advantages such as stable performance, low surface residue, and high dilithiation capacity. The preparation of the cathode material comprises the steps of: synthesis of a precursor from a metal salt and a manganese compound by chemical co-precipitation, followed by, sequentially, heat treatment and crushing; and repeated lithium supplementation and multi-stage sintering to form the cathode material. The method for preparing the cathode material is simple. By repeated lithium supplementation and sintering, Li3N is inserted into the lattice of the material. Li9N2X3 forms a eutectic with the base material, which further reduces the surface residue, improves the storage and cycling performance of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus for covering a water container having an open top and treating a source water therein. The apparatus has one or more dividing walls mountable to an interior space of the water container for partitioning it into multiple water-treatment zones, and a cover mountable to at least a portion of the open top of the water container above the one or more dividing walls. Each dividing wall has or forms one or more openings for directing the source water from one water-treatment zone to the next. The cover has one or more vaulted cover sections each defining a gas chamber above the dividing walls. Each cover section has a condensation surface in the corresponding gas chamber for condensing a steam evaporated from the source water to clean water, and at least one water-collection channel coupled to at least one side of the condensation surface for collecting the condensed clean water.

Abstract: A water treatment system is provided for removing contaminants from feed water. The system receives feed water at a stripper tower, which removes VOCs from the feed water and directs the VOCs to a heating stage to be eliminated. Hot gases are directed from the heating stage to an evaporation stage. The VOC-free water from the stripper tower is also directed to the evaporation stage. The hot gases are brought into contact with the VOC-free water and evaporates the water. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage are vented. A slurry of precipitated solids and water are removed from the evaporation stage to be disposed of or directed to a decanter stage to separate the liquid portion of the slurry from the solids portion. The liquid portion can be directed back to the evaporation stage. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage can also be recirculated to the stripper tower.

Abstract: A water desalinization apparatus for efficient water desalinization includes a first removable cover for daytime use and a second removable cover for nighttime use. The first removable cover allows sunlight and infrared rays to pass through the cover to heat saline water held in a fluid basin. The second removable cover is positioned on the fluid basin when the first removable cover is removed from the fluid basin to form the water vapor from the saline water. The second removable cover includes a first plate that acts as a cold body to convert the water vapor to fresh liquid water. A second plate is arranged between a freshwater collection conduit and the fluid basin. The second plate includes nonlinear apertures configured to pass the water vapor from the fluid basin to the first plate. The nonlinear apertures define a shape lacking a direct line of sight through the nonlinear apertures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water treatment method comprising a step of injecting ozone by a Venturi effect into the water to be treated, immediately followed by a step of ozone saturation of the water to be treated, a step of bringing the ozonated water to be treated into a reactor comprising a fluidised bed of activated carbon particles, a step of placing the ozonated water to be treated in contact with the activated carbon particles according to a flow of water ascending in the reactor, a step of discharging the water treated in this way. The invention also relates to a facility comprising an activated carbon reactor, means for bringing the water to be treated into the reactor, means for discharging the treated water, a means for injecting ozone into the water by a Venturi effect and a means for saturating the water with ozone mounted directly, or as a bypass, on the means for bringing water into the reactor.

Abstract: Chitosan-based hybrid composite materials and mesoporous titanium-based hybrid composite materials are disclosed. These hybrid composite materials can be used for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions from both radioactive and non-radioactive liquid waste streams.

Abstract: A multi tank water softener system and method in which multiple softeners can be selectively operated in parallel, alternating, or in series in either order. The system reduces risk of legionella and pathogen growth while also reducing salt usage by up to 40%.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic water treatment system (100) with an automated cathode cleaning mechanism thereof and in a method therefor. The electrolytic water treatment system (100) effectively removes scale forming minerals for large cooling towers and consumes less space. The electrolytic water treatment system (100) utilizes a shell in shell type arrangement so that both sides of anodes (18) and cathodes (16) are used for electrolysis simultaneously which makes the electrolytic water treatment system (100) highly efficient, effective and less expensive. By using the electrolytic water treatment system (100), the life of the anode (18) is increased at least two to three times compared to the polarity reversing method.

Abstract: A handpiece (108) of an ultrasonic scaler equipped with a closed system water delivery and an integrated in-line divided electrolytic cell (106) for generating ozone, one or more gas separators (116a, 116b), in-line dissolved gas monitoring and closed loop control over ozone concentration using one or more ultraviolet sensors (110).

Abstract: Disclosed is a water purifier that includes a deionization device for purifying water with electric power, and a controller electrically connected to the deionization. The deionization device includes a housing and a plurality of electric filters arranged in a plurality of isolation rooms formed in the housing. The controller operates the plurality of electric filters by dividing the plurality of electric filters into a plurality of electric adsorption filters which adsorb ionic materials and at least one electric resting filter which remains in a standby state during a water purification operation, and restart the water purification operation or perform a recycling operation to recycle the plurality of electric filters, depending on whether a restart command for the water purification operation is input within a preset waiting time from a point in time when the water purification operation is stopped.

Abstract: A method of treating acid mine drainage with calcium phosphate comprising acid mine drainage with a treatment agent including a compound comprising a phosphate under conditions that favour removal of contaminants from the acid mine drainage, thus forming the treated acid mine drainage that has concentration of contaminants which is less than the concentration of the contaminants in the acid mine drainage prior to the treatment.

Abstract: A microporous wick and a method for non-thermal solar desalination is disclosed, which includes placing a capillary wick in a brine containing sodium chloride (NaCl), the capillary wick comprising a plurality of bonded aluminum nitride (Al—N) microparticles and illuminating the capillary wick with a light source.

Abstract: Method for reducing ocean temperatures and enhancing alkalinity, the method cited here both reduces ocean acidification and helps lower ocean water temperature by reflecting the sun with a froth flotation of bubbles, a method when used in areas of coral reef improves the conditions necessary for coral reef growth, the method consists of first locating a dispersing source, such as a boat or other device able to position itself over a coral reef, or in any ocean section, second creating a froth flotation of bubbles with alkaline and other minerals attached, and then third dispersing the froth flotation consisting of bubbles with minerals attached, over the coral reefs, and then having the bubbles to reflect the sun rays to lower ocean temperature, the method also allows the alkaline minerals to disengage from the bubbles over time, reducing the acidification levels in the ocean and around coral reefs.

Abstract: A filter for controlling a pH of purified water is disclosed. The pH-controlling filter according to an aspect of the present disclosure may include a water permeable filter having a hollow formed in a center of a cross-section from one end to the other end; a lower stopper closing a lower end of the water permeable filter, a filling unit inserted into the hollow of the water permeable filter to form an inner space, the filling unit having an inlet through which the purified water passing through the water permeable filter flows into the inner space and an outlet through which the purified water passing through the inner space flows out; and control particles filled in the inner space of the filling unit to adjust a pH of the purified water passing through the inner space of the filling unit and comprising OH group-generating particles configured to supplement the purified water passing through the inner space with OH groups.

Abstract: An automated produced water treatment system that injects ozone or an ozone-oxygen mixture upstream of produced water separators, with the dose rate changing dynamically as the produced water quality changes, as determined by continuous monitoring of the produced water quality by a plurality of sensors that detect water quality parameters in real time. The system may operate as a “slipstream” injection system. Carbon dioxide in the form of nanobubbles is used to supersaturate treated produced water. The supersaturated produced water is then injected into Class II injection wells for effective storage in underground formations in conjunction with enhanced recovery operations or the storage and disposal of produced water.

Abstract: An ozone injector device comprising a housing having a water passageway through the housing, an ozone inlet in fluid communication with the water passageway, a corona tube disposed within the housing and in fluid communications with the ozone inlet, and a clearing piston positioned to move into and out of the water passageway towards the ozone inlet, and configured to prevent flow of ozone into the water passageway.

Abstract: A modular system for aeration and biosource augmentation of a body of water and a method of using the system to prevent or eliminate an algal bloom in a water body include one or more mechanical basins located outside the body of water and at least two of: one or more residence pods submerged in the body of water that aerate the body of water, dose beneficial biosource, host biosource, and provide biosource to the body of water; one or more residence air pods submerged in the body of water that aerate the body of water, host beneficial bacteria, and provide beneficial bacteria to the body of water; and one or more residence nano pods submerged in the body of water that host, the one or more residence pods or the one or more residence air pods in fluid communication with the one or more mechanical basins.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment apparatus has a tank having an access opening therein, at least one fixed film media pod positioned in the interior of the tank, a diffuser positioned in the interior of the tank, and an air pump connected to the diffuser. The fixed film media pod is formed of a mesh material and has openings framed by the mesh material. At least one weight is affixed to the fixed film media pod adjacent to a bottom thereof so as to maintain a vertical orientation of the fixed film media pod in the tank. The diffuser can be affixed to the fixed film media pod so as to aerate liquid in the interior of the tank.

Abstract: In a method for treating wastewater and an associated design of a treatment plant, wastewater in a storage tank is filled from a minimum level to a maximum level. While being filled, a bioreactor is aerated. After subsequent sedimentation of activated sludge at the bottom of the bioreactor, treated water is pumped from a subsurface layer in the bioreactor and wastewater is simultaneously fed from the storage tank into a sludge bed in the bioreactor. When a level of wastewater in the storage tank is lowered to the minimum level, pumping of treated water from the bioreactor and pumping of wastewater into the bioreactor simultaneously stops. The storage tank has a wastewater pump leading to the bottom of the bioreactor. A safety overflow in the bioreactor leads to a treated water drain having a treated water pump.

Abstract: Hydrogels for entrapment of live microorganisms and methods of their use, such as in wastewater purification, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a device for influent distribution and thickened sludge fermentation to enhance hydraulic impact resistance and nitrogen and phosphorus removal function of an MSBR system, which includes an influent distribution device, a hydrolysis and fermentation tank and an MSBR system connected thereto. The influent distribution device, the hydrolysis and fermentation tank and the MSBR system are all connected to an external online control platform.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a glass preform is an apparatus by pulling up a starting rod while the starting rod is rotated around an axis and glass fine particles generated by a burner are deposited in an axial direction of the starting rod. The apparatus for producing a glass preform includes an imaging device that acquires a deposition surface image by imaging a deposition surface of a glass fine particle deposit deposited on the starting rod, and an image processing unit that detects an edge shape of the deposition surface from the deposition surface image acquired using the imaging device to judge quality of the glass fine particle deposit by quantifying a degree of deformation of the edge shape.

Abstract: A molding method for a cover window includes: locally heating a peripheral portion of a glass substrate around a central portion of the glass substrate to a temperature of about 610° C. to about 670° C., forming a cover window by pressing the glass substrate, and annealing and cooling the cover window. Accordingly, a cover window in which each of edges has an outwardly convex curved surface through a glass substrate may be formed. In addition, the surface roughness of a cover window formed through a glass substrate may be improved.

Abstract: A cassette for loading glass includes a first frame extending in a first direction, a second frame spaced apart from the first frame in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a first support coupled to the first frame, and a second support coupled to the second frame. A plurality of first grooves are defined in the first support, the plurality of first grooves are spaced apart from each other in the first direction, each of the plurality of first grooves extends in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, and the first support includes a first protrusion protruding from an inner surface of each of the plurality of first grooves.

Abstract: Provided is a glass substrate heat chamfering method. An edge of a glass substrate (100) is chamfered by applying thermal shock to the edge of the glass substrate (100), thereby peeling a strip (100a) off from the edge of the glass substrate (100). The strip is cut at a predetermined point thereon before being broken due to the weight thereof. The strip (100a) is cut by applying at least one of heat and a laser beam to the predetermined point or by applying a flame (300a) of a torch (300) to the predetermined point. The application of the thermal shock includes brining a heating element (210) into contact with the edge of the glass substrate (100). In the chamfering, the heating element (210) is relatively moved along the edge of the glass substrate (100) while being brought into contact with the edge of the glass substrate (100).

Abstract: An optical glass, wherein components thereof are represented by weight percentage, including: 1-15% of SiO2; 5-20% of B2O3; 25-50% of La2O3; 1-12% of ZrO2; 5-20% of TiO2; 6-35% of RO, and the RO is total content of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. Through rational component design, the optical glass has low density while having desired refractive index and Abbe number, which meets the lightweight application of optical instruments.

Abstract: A 3D glass-ceramic, characterized in that the crystallinity of the 3D glass-ceramic is 14-100 wt %; the average particle size of the crystals of the 3D glass-ceramic is 10-100 nm; and the thickness of the glass-ceramic is 0.02-5 mm. The preparation method for the 3D glass-ceramic of the present invention has low processing difficulty and low processing costs. The 3D hot bending crystallization time is much shorter than the conventional crystallization time; time is reduced, and the energy for heat treatment is also reduced.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing lead smelting slag glass-ceramics based on the oxidation of silicon-rich silicon smelting slag and composition adjustment, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of smelting slag rich in monatomic silicon. The method comprises the steps: mixing the silicon slag rich in monatomic silicon with an oxidant, a fluxing agent and a clarifying agent according to a formula ratio, ball-milling and screening to obtain a tempering raw material with uniform size, and performing high-temperature oxidation melting on the tempering raw material to form an oxidation-state molten tempering material; and carrying out further mixed melting on the molten tempering material and hot lead slag, carrying out water quenching to obtain basic glass, and carrying out heat treatment system on the obtained basic glass to form the glass ceramics.

Abstract: A method for producing an acid-reactive glass powder, an acid-reactive glass powder obtained by the method, and a dental glass ionomer cement composition comprising the acid-reactive glass powder. The dental glass ionomer cement composition has good mixing property, a sufficient working time, and simultaneously can make the dental glass ionomer cement composition exhibit superior mechanical properties. More specifically, a method for producing an acid-reactive glass powder wherein an acid-reactive glass powder having a range of 2 to 10 ?m of a 50% particle size is obtainable by pulverizing a large-particle-size acid-reactive glass powder having a range of 250 to 3000 ?m of a 50% particle size in a state where a small-particle-size acid-reactive glass powder having a range of 1 to 5 ?m of a 50% particle size coexists.

Abstract: A proposed fabrication technique for a polarization-absorbing wire grid polarizer avoids the need to etch through the multilayer stack of materials to form the grid structure. Initial reflective metal and dielectric buffer layers are patterned and etched in a conventional manner to create the desired grid topology. A small-angle coating process is then used to complete the fabrication process by first coating the top surface of the patterned dielectric with a polarization-absorbing metal. A second coating process is used to cover the created metal coating with a dielectric cladding material. Maintaining a small angle of incidence between the coating source and the wire grid structure ensures that top portions of the grid are suitably covered to create the desired multilayer wire configuration.

Abstract: Chemically toughened glass articles are provided that include a first compressive stress region extending from a first surface, a second compressive stress region extending from a second surface, and a chamfer structure at an edge, which connects the first and second surfaces. The first compressive stress region has a first compressive stress of 100 to 2000 MPa and a first 60% depth (F60D). The second compressive stress region has a second compressive stress of from 100 to 2000 MPa and a second 60% depth (S60D). The chamfered structure has a first ratio of average chamfer height (Havg) to a total chamfer height variation (TCHV) that is at least 250 ?m2.

Abstract: Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions of cementitious products using recycled materials including desalinated waste products and seawater, the methods of preparing, and uses thereof.

Abstract: A composite material used to form a concrete structure that includes a concrete matrix formed of a mixture of aggregates and a paste and a mixture of twisted steel micro-reinforcements (TSMRs) dispersed within the concrete matrix. The TSMRs have a variable twist pitch; wherein the twist pitch of a portion of the TSMRs is in the range of 6 to 20 twists per 25.4 mm (1 inch) applied along its longitudinal axis. The TSMRs are made from a common base stock and have the number of twists predetermined, such that the concrete structure exhibits at least 10% greater performance in one or more of a stress, deflection, energy, or crack mouth opening (CMOD) properties as determined through one or more defined standard tests than a similar concrete structure formed with the same amount by weight of steel fibers having one or two bends.

Abstract: A biological cement including algal biomatter, cement, and water. The present disclosure also provides methods of preparing the biological cement. The biological cement can be used in place of traditional cement, for instance by being incorporated into mortar or concrete for structural or other applications. The algal biomatter may include one or more of biomass from Chlorella, Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), Saccharina latissima, Ulva spp. (such as U. lactuca or U. expensa), Agarophyton, Sargassum, Gracilaria parvispora, Halymenia hawaiiana or Caulerpa lentillifera.

Abstract: Described herein is a rejuvenated asphalt and a method of rejuvenating asphalt comprising mixing a rejuvenator, bitumen, and aggregate to obtain an asphalt mixture, wherein the rejuvenator is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1-40 wt % by weight of the bitumen, and wherein at least 35 wt % of the bitumen is derived from recycled asphalt content. The rejuvenated asphalt provides desirable performance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a three-dimensional porous nano composite cooling film in large scale. The cooling film is prepared from 0.1-0.5 parts of cellulose acetate, 1-5 parts of water, 20-100 parts of acetone, an additive, and 10-20 parts of nano microspheres through a cooperative formulation of cellulose acetate, nano microsphere materials and the additive. The composite cooling film is obtained by self-deposition of cellulose acetate and nano microspheres, and liquid volatilization during film forming process leads to formation of the three-dimensional porous structure. The film has an effect of enhancing radiation of infrared heat into space, which could significantly reduce a temperature of a substrate surface and achieve rapid and strong cooling. The film could achieve effective cooling without external power and other active cooling equipment, with or without sunlight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (100) for producing a prefabrication element and to a construction binder including a raw clay matrix, a deflocculation agent and an activation composition, wherein: the raw clay matrix includes at least one raw clay from the smectite family; the at least one raw clay from the smectite family represents at least 20% by weight of the construction binder; and the construction binder comprises less than 15% by weight of Portland cement.