Abstract: A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from ?20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

Abstract: A propylene production method includes: a reaction step of supplying a fresh raw material and a recycled raw material to a reactor to obtain a crude product; a gas-liquid separation step of separating the crude product into a gas phase and a liquid phase; a propylene recovery step of recovering propylene from the gas phase; and a recycling step of recovering the recycled raw material from the liquid phase.

Abstract: In a first stage of a methane conversion system, at least some methane (CH4) in an input gas flow stream can be converted into C2 hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas (H2), and aromatics to provide a first processed stream. The conversion can be direct non-oxidative methane conversion (DNMC). At least some of the aromatics can be removed from the first processed stream to provide a second processed stream. In a second stage of the methane conversion system, at least some of the H2 can be removed from the second processed stream to provide a recycle stream. The recycle stream can be returned to the first stage of the methane conversion system for further conversion of methane and removal of aromatics and H2 products.

Abstract: High-purity polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the byproducts thereof, and methods for producing such products are disclosed. The PAHs may comprise an aromaticity index of about 0.65 to about 0.80. The PAHs may have quinoline insolubles and sulfur impurities of less than about 0.1 wt. % each. A tar or pitch comprising the high-purity PAHs and a method of producing such tar or pitch are disclosed. A synthetic graphite comprising high-purity PAHs is also disclosed. A method of making carbon pellets from high-purity PAHs is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for chlorinating an aromatic compound and, more specifically, to a method for chlorinating an aromatic compound to prevent the phenomenon of decreased responsiveness due to foam generation, and to prevent counterflow of a fluid. By means of the method for chlorinating an aromatic compound according to the present invention, a plurality of column-type reactors are connected in series so that reaction products produced in a former reactor are inserted to a latter reactor, and chlorine gas is inserted in equal measure at the bottom of each reactor. Accordingly, a chlorination reaction occurs in each of the reactors, and hydrogen chloride gas generated in each of the reactors is exhausted from each of the reactors.

Abstract: Various aspects of an ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor, disclosed herein. The ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor includes a reaction unit comprising at least a plurality of reactants that react to produce one or more permeates at least due to activation by a catalyst. The membrane reactor further includes a separation unit including an ion-gated nanochannel membrane supported on a hollow fiber support. The polar permeates from the one or more permeates pass through the ion-gated nanochannel membrane and are separated in-situ. Multiple methods/processes using the ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor for chemicals and fuels production are included.

Abstract: A method of producing petrochemicals using a hydrocarbon fuel cell includes the steps of operating the fuel cell to produce electricity, thermal energy, and one or more exhaust stream, the one or more exhaust stream comprising at least a carbon-containing gas and water, reacting at least a portion of the exhaust stream with the reactant stream of natural gas to produce one or more petrochemical streams in a reactor, and heating one or more reactants using at least a portion of at least one of the electricity and the thermal energy.

Abstract: A method of ethanol conversion to higher carbon compounds is provided. The method includes feeding a reactant to a reactor, the reactant including ethanol. The reactant may further include water in the form of steam. The reactant is introduced to a perovskite catalyst in the reactor. The perovskite catalyst promotes the formation of the higher carbon compounds from ethanol, and may be in the form of a powder or thin film. The perovskite catalyst has the formula ABO3, wherein A is one or more selected from a group consisting of La and Sr, and wherein B is one or more selected from a group consisting of Mn, Ca, Fe, and Co. The perovskite catalyst particularly may be La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. The obtained higher carbon compounds may include at least one of acetone and crotonaldehyde.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof, for use as a drug, especially as an antibiotic. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound of formula (I) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The present invention further concerns a method of preparation of a compound of formula (I?).

Abstract: A method of producing adipic acid using glucose as a starting material, in which adipic acid is finally obtained via an alkyl adipate intermediate from a glucaric acid potassium salt.

Abstract: This disclosure provides scalable methods of synthesizing highly pure substituted carboxylic acids. One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of synthesizing 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of preparing compounds derived from triglycerides or condensation polymers such as polyesters and/or polyamides. The methods may include subjecting triglyceride or condensation polymer containing matter to mechanical processing in the presence of a nucleophile.

Abstract: An anti-fouling composition, and uses thereof in the industrial preparation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one heteroatom, such as acrylic monomers are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of Formulae (IA), (IB), (IC), (ID), (IE), (IF), (IG), (IH), (IJ), (IK), (IL), (II), (III), (IIIA), and (IIIB); pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof; and compositions thereof.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides for beta-hydroxybutyrate (e.g., R—BHB) acids and/or salts with pure biobased carbon content (e.g., 100% as measured by Carbon-14 analysis). The present invention also provides methods for preparing beta-hydroxybutyrate (e.g., R—BHB) acid and salt with pure biobased carbon content, comprising chemical synthesis and/or biosynthesis process. For instance, the method may include biological fermentation, and/or bioenzymatic process.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method to prepare and purify the ester glyceryl-tris-(3-hydroxy butyrate) of formula (I) and its optically active isomers, in particular the enantiomer (R, R, R).

Abstract: Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, and method of inhibiting the activity of a Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) comprising contacting the FABP with a compound, said compound having the structure: Formula

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for synthesizing quinolones intermediates by a continuous flow reaction. Specifically, according to the method, a microchannel reactor is used, which improves the selectivity and conversion rate of the reaction, and the conversion rate of compound ii is increased to more than 95% and the yield is increased to more than 85%; avoids the use of a solvent such as methanol, and methyl tert-butyl ether, etc., in the intermittent reaction process, which simplifies the post-processing method, shortens the overall operation time from about 24 hours to a few minutes, greatly improving the production efficiency, and realizing the continuity and automation of the whole process; and thus makes the product have high purity and high yield, which is suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: Crystalline 4-((L-valyl)oxy)butanoic acid, methods of preparing crystalline 4-((L-valyl)oxy)butanoic acid, pharmaceutical compositions of crystalline 4-((L-valyl)oxy)butanoic acid, and methods of treatment using crystalline 4-((L-valyl)oxy)butanoic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted sphingolipids are useful as constituents in cosmetic formulations. A method for preparing the sphingolipids involves reacting a lysosphingolipid with a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an intramolecular cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The sphingolipids can be used for therapy or prophylaxis of cell damage, including skin cell damage and cell damage induced by UV radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying key intermediates of Citalopram, i.e. 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl]-3-hydroxymethylbenzonitrile and a salt thereof. The method comprises dissolving crude 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl]-3-hydroxymethylbenzonitrile (compound of formula I containing formaldehyde impurity) with an organic solvent, adding a washing solution, controlling the temperature, stirring, leaving to stand for layering, and removing the aqueous layer, so as to obtain a purified organic solution of 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl]-3-hydroxymethylbenzonitrile. The method provided by the present invention can effectively remove aldehyde group-containing impurities in the intermediate. The method of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, cheap raw materials and mild conditions, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a urea plant and process of the thermal stripping type as well as to a method of modifying a urea plant of the thermal stripping type. Provided is a urea plant with a thermal stripper and a high pressure carbamate condenser with a shell space wherein gas from the stripper is condensed in the shell space.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides creatine prodrug analogs and their compositions useful for the treatment of creatine deficiencies.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing taurine from ammonium isethionate without generating or using any acid within the cyclic process as recited in the claims appended hereto.

Abstract: Provided are a compound represented by the following general formula (I), a polymerizable composition including the compound, a polymer including a constituent component derived from the compound, and a polymerized film, in Formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R2 represents a group such as an alkenyl group, R3 and R4 represent groups such as alkenyl groups, or groups that are combinations of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an oxygen atom, a —SO3?M+ group, or an arylsulfonylamino group, M+ represents H+ or the like, k is an integer of 0 to 4, n is an integer of 0 to 4, m is an integer of 0 to 4, with the proviso that n and m satisfy 1?n+m?4, and when m is 0, at least one of R3 is a group having a —SO3?M+ group.

Abstract: Provided is a simple method for producing a heterocycle-containing amino acid compound. A heterocycle-containing amino acid compound is produced by a method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by the following formula (2) or a salt thereof: wherein R4 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl-protecting group, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, acrolein, a cyanating agent, and a compound represented by the following formula (3) or a salt thereof: wherein R1a is a hydrogen atom or CO2R1b, R1b is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl-protecting group, R2a is a hydrogen atom or OR2b, R2b i s a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group.

Abstract: The present application relates to compounds comprising an ester, a thioester, or a hydrazide moiety and methods of synthesizing these compounds. The present application also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating cell proliferative disorders mediated by the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, such as cancer, by administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to subjects in need thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds that are local anesthetics and useful for inducing selective sensory nerve blockade. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the compounds, and methods of inducing selective sensory nerve blockade by administering the compounds and/or compositions to a subject.

Abstract: Provided is a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or metabolite thereof, or a solvate or hydrate of any of the foregoing and a use in treatment of a disease or disorder.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments of para-substituted 1,1-dialkyl-4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium iodides advantageous for modulating inflammation that have been synthesized and their electrophysiology activities for ?9, ?9?10, and ?7 nAChRs compared. The para position contained alkyl or aryl amides, or heterocyclic isosteres for the amide, and the alkyl groups were varied at the ammonium piperazine nitrogen to see if compensatory changes in size at this position of the molecule impacted function. The compounds were characterized with two-electrode voltage-clamp measurements on Xenopus oocytes expressing nAChRs. General, the compounds were more potent for ?9-containing receptors than for ?7, and the majority were either full or strong partial agonists for ?9-containing nAChR.

Abstract: Disclosed are heterocyclic compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts with ferroptosis-inducing activity, Those compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used to treat cancer.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxybenzomorphans containing carboxamide or thiocarboxamide at the 3-position are useful as analgesics, anti-diarrheal agents, anticonvulsants, antitussives and anti-addiction medications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for prevention or treatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 syndrome, wherein in contrast to the conventional T?R1 kinase inhibitor TEW7197, the compound represented by chemical formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a combination thereof according to the present invention suppresses TGF-? receptor 1 (T?R1)-mediated RKIP reduction while not inhibiting normal TGF-? signaling and thus, can be used as a novel form of a therapeutic agent for neurofibromatosis type 2 syndrome, which can solve the side effect problem caused by the inhibition of normal TGF-? signaling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reagents which are suitable to be used in mass spectrometry as well as methods of mass spectrometric determination of analyte molecules using said reagents.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of making delmopinol and delmopinol salts (e.g., delmopinol metal salts, such as, for example, delmopinol calcium salts, delmopinol sodium salts, delmopinol potassium salts, and/or delmopinol magnesium salts).

Abstract: A tricyclic compound having the structure represented by general formula (I), a pharmaceutical composition thereof, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases caused by toxic aldehydes.

Abstract: The present invention provides new prodrugs of therapeutically active compounds, including oligomeric prodrugs, and compositions to treat medical disorders, for example glaucoma, a disorder or abnormality related to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), a disorder requiring neuroprotection, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: Provided herein are opioid receptor modulators and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel chemical compositions of matter, and in particular a novel MDMA class of compounds MDMA analogs having 1,3-benzothiazoles substituted at the 5 and 6-position with a MDMA basic or modified side chain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation, e.g. a paediatric formulation, of odevixibat, which comprises a plurality of small particles. The formulation may be used in the treatment of liver diseases such as bile acid-dependent liver diseases, and particularly cholestatic liver diseases such as biliary atresia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), Alagille syndrome (ALGS) and paediatric cholestatic pruritus. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical formulation.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of propene involves reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a methanol solvent and a shaped titanium zeolite epoxidation catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The process then involves recovering methanol from the reaction mixture, treatment of the recovered methanol by passing it through a bed of an acidic ion exchange resin, and recycling the treated methanol to the epoxidation reaction; as well as regeneration of the acidic ion exchange resin. Catalyst breakage can be reduced or avoided by washing the regenerated bed of an acidic ion exchange resin with methanol until the methanol exiting the resin bed has an apparent pH higher than 1.8, before methanol treated with the acidic ion exchange resin is recycled to the epoxidation reaction.

Abstract: Provided in the present disclosure are complexes and solutions demonstrating improved aqueous solubility of derivatized cytotoxic taxane drug moieties. In some other aspects, the disclosure provides methods of using such complexes and solutions for the treatment of cancer. In some further aspects, the disclosure provides combination therapies that may be suitable when used in combination with the use of the complexes disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to butyrate compounds as well as to their synthesis and their use. Such compounds are very useful compounds, either as such or as intermediates in organic synthesis.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to gas phase methods to decarboxylate cannabinoid carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the production of specific intermediates, which are preferably used in the production of vitamin A, vitamin A acetate, or ?-carotene and derivatives thereof, e.g. canthaxanthin, astaxanthin or zeaxanthin.

Abstract: The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 and n are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of inflammation, neurological or psychiatric disorders associated with modulating mGlu5 receptor function.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein all the variables are as defined herein. These compounds are selective ROCK inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating cardiovascular, smooth muscle, oncologic, neuropathologic, autoimmune, fibrotic, and/or inflammatory disorders using the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds binding to KRAS protein or a mutant thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for the treatment of diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds that activate IRE1/XBP1s, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds for treating a subject having a disease or disorder that may be ameliorated by increasing IRE1/XBP1s activity.