Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a process for the desalination of NaCl solutions employing a three-chamber electrochemical cell separated by relative ion exchange membranes, namely a succession of a cathode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, a central chamber for the saline solution, an anion exchange membrane and an anode chamber. The oxidation of OH? and the reduction of H3O+ under the formation of OH? and H2 causes the passage of Na and Cl? ions from the central chamber to the other chambers, thereby reducing the salt concentration. The feeding of the cathode chamber can be managed in a circuit with the insertion of a carbonation reactor to reduce the concentration of NaOH and eliminate CO2 from the air. Under certain conditions, the chlorides entering the anode chamber undergo oxidation and the chlorine formed therein reacts with water to produce HCl and HClO.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-efficient magnesium ion removal system for salt lake brine based on in situ alkali production using bipolar membrane electrochemical process, it is constructed with cathode, cathode cell, anode, anode cell, and anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes, acid cells, alkali cells, mesh materials for precipitate aggregation, acid-washing cells.

Abstract: The pH/redox potential-adjusted water production apparatus includes a supply line for ultrapure water, which is provided with a platinum group metal-supporting resin column. The ultrapure water supply line is branched downstream into a first adjusted water production line and a second adjusted water production line. The first adjusted water production line communicates with a pH adjuster tank and a redox potential adjuster tank, and a first reservoir is provided downstream from them. The second adjusted water production line communicates with a pH adjuster tank and a redox potential adjuster tank, and a second reservoir is provided downstream from them. With such a pH/redox potential-adjusted water production apparatus, it is possible to dissolve a predetermined amount of wiring metal in a wiring production step for semiconductors in which a transition metal such as cobalt is used as the wiring metal.

Abstract: Liquid effluent treatment module comprising at least one tank portion suitable for receiving a plurality of packing elements that may receive a biological material, the tank portion defining a horizontal longitudinal axis and comprising at least one effluent feed, characterized in that the tank portion further comprises: ?at least one line for collecting treated effluent arranged in a central part of the tank portion and parallel to the horizontal longitudinal axis, ?at least one air injection line arranged in a lower part of the tank portion, off-centered and parallel to the line for collecting treated effluent so as to give rise to a spiral movement of the liquid effluents.

Abstract: A device for cooperatively treating aquaculture tail water by algae and bacteria is provided, including an aquaculture part; the aquaculture part is communicated with a sewage discharge part, and the sewage discharge part is communicated with a tail water treatment part, and the tail water treatment part is communicated with the aquaculture part; the sewage discharge part includes a sewage pipe communicated with the aquaculture part, where one end of the sewage pipe away from the aquaculture part is communicated with the tail water treatment part, and a sewage pump is arranged on the sewage pipe; the tail water treatment part includes a second shell, a bottom end of the second shell is communicated with the sewage pipe, a top end of a side wall of the second shell is communicated with the aquaculture part, several guide plates are arranged in the second shell.

Abstract: A system and a method for removing gas field chemicals from a feed stream are provided. An exemplary method includes performing a forward osmosis on a feed stream including gas field chemicals to form a concentrated feed stream, and treating the concentrated feed stream in an electrochemical process to form treated water.

Abstract: A tap-mounted water purification unit has a tap interface (14) for connecting it to a water tap, a reverse-osmosis filter (32), a pre-filter (30) arranged in the flow path before the reverse-osmosis filter (32), and a post-filter (34) arranged in the flow path after the reverse-osmosis filter (32). The reverse-osmosis filter (32) is located around a central duct (36) extending along a filter axis (8). The three filters (30, 32, 34) are arranged at different locations along the filter axis (8). The device can also be provided with a valve (64) for controlling the flow of water through it.

Abstract: A sheet of glass can be formed in a batch process by introducing molten glass onto a layer of molten tin within a tank. The tank may be outfitted with infrared emitters to control the amount of heat delivered to the tank while the sheet of glass is formed. A lower surface of the tank can have a three-dimensional shape, and the molten tin may be removed from the tank while the sheet of glass is ductile so that the sheet of glass is molded by the three-dimensional shape, thereby producing a shaped sheet of glass. The delivery of infrared energy to the tank may be facilitated by one or more ceramic glass surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment or aspect of the present disclosure, a glass slit cutter may include a body, a cutting wheel extending from the body and configured to cut a slit in a pane of glass, a reference wheel extending from the body and configured to guide the cutting wheel along the pane of glass. The cutting wheel and the reference wheel rotate about a common axis within the body.

Abstract: A UV-transmitting glass formed of a multi-component oxide, and having at least one of characteristics of an internal transmittance ?350-400 (%) with respect to light having a wavelength between 350 nm and 400 nm through a 10 mm-thick glass that satisfies ?350-400?90 . . . (1); an internal transmittance ?300-350 (%) with respect to light having a wavelength between 300 nm and 350 nm through a 10 mm-thick glass that satisfies ?300-350?75 . . . (2); and an internal transmittance ?260-300 (%) with respect to light having a wavelength between 260 nm and 300 nm through a 10 mm-thick glass that satisfies ?260-300?45 . . . (3).

Abstract: A glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion in a temperature range from 20° C. to 300° C. of 4.5 ppm/K or less, and a T4 temperature, defined as the temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 104 dPa*s, at 1500° C. or more, and having a reboil propensity score of less than 10 measured in a reboil propensity test. The reboil propensity score is determined as a number of bubbles per glass rod formed from the glass after the reboil propensity test.

Abstract: A glass is an amorphous oxide glass. An SiO2 content ranges from 56 mol % to 80 mol %, an Li2O content is 2.00 mol % or less, a B2O3 content ranges from 0 mol % to 4 mol %, a total content of MgO and CaO (MgO+CaO) ranges from 9 mol % to 40 mol %, and the oxide glass has a specific gravity of 2.75 g/cm3 or less, and a glass transition temperature of 650° C. or higher.

Abstract: Disclosed are flexible glass and a preparation method therefor; weight proportions of the raw materials used in the flexible glass are: 60.04-63.01 parts silicon dioxide, 16.7-21.5 parts aluminum oxide, 12.93-19.85 parts boron oxide, 2.43-14.19 parts calcium carbonate, 0.16-2.07 parts magnesium oxide. 0.5-2.74 parts strontium carbonate and 0-4.16 parts barium nitrate. The method includes: step 1: pouring raw materials into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to form a mixture; step 2: adding the mixture into a glass furnace, heating to melt the glass, and the melted glass entering a platinum feeding channel for clarification and flowing into a tube drawing tunnel; step 3: drawing the liquid glass into a long glass tube; step 4: using a laser cutting machine to transversely and longitudinally cut the glass tube according to specification requirements, forming a glass sheet; step 5: inspecting the glass sheet, and preparing a flexible glass product.

Abstract: Disclosed are electronic glass having high liquidus viscosity and a preparation method. The proportions of the raw materials used in the electronic glass are: SiO2: 65.56-68.6%; Al2O3: 10.58-14%; B2O3: 7-11%; SrO: 0.27-3.26%; BaO: 7.20-10.12%; CaO: 0.22-1.22%; MgO: 0-1.05%; MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO<13%; and the liquidus viscosity of the electronic glass is greater than 200,000 poise. The minimum value of the temperature corresponding to a liquidus temperature reduction of 100,000 poise in the electronic glass is 22° C. The electronic glass has a strain point temperature of 670-739° C., a Young's modulus of 70-83 GPa, and a density of 2.38-2.45 g/cm3, the liquidus viscosity is ensured to be higher than 200,000 poise, the electronic glass is well suited to overflow downdraw forming, and a relatively low density value can be obtained.

Abstract: Glass and glass ceramic compositions having at least a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phase, and a residual glass phase along with methods of making the glass and glass ceramic compositions are described. The compositions are compatible with conventional rolling and float processes, are transparent or translucent, and have high mechanical strength and fracture resistance. Additionally, processes of 3D forming glass ceramic preforms having the glass ceramic composition discussed to produce glass ceramic articles are described. Further, the compositions are able to be chemically tempered to even higher strength glass ceramics that are useful as large substrates in multiple applications.

Abstract: A quantum dot composite structure and a method for forming the same are provided. The quantum dot composite structure includes: a glass particle including a glass matrix and a plurality of quantum dots located in the glass matrix, wherein at least one of the plurality of quantum dots includes an exposed surface in the glass matrix; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the glass particle and covering the exposed surface.

Abstract: A compound represented by one of the formulae: BaaMobOc??(1), MOdPeOf??(2) or BagMohPiOj??(3) wherein for formula (1) the ratio of a:b is greater than 1:1, wherein for formula (2) the ratio of d:e is from 1:100 to 0.45:1 or from 0.55:1 to 100:1, wherein for formula (3) the ratio of g:h is from 1:7 to 1:2 and the ratio of g:i is from 1:3 to 1:1, or the ratio of g:h is from 0.6:1 to 100:1 and the ratio of g:i is from 2.2:1 to 100:1, and wherein the molybdenum present within the compound is in the 4+ oxidation state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a coating for improving glass strength and fracture toughness comprising the hydrolytic polycondensation product of one or more alkoxysilane(s) with one or more metal oxide(s) and/or metal alkoxide(s) in the presence of water and a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods relating to fine aggregate for a Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) recycled from a consumer waste stream of bottle glass. Such disclosed compositions may be advantageous, for example, for backfilling trenches in street cuts for utility repairs or new utility installations, such as digital cables. The disclosed compositions that incorporate the recycled glass aggregate into a CLSM that achieves satisfactory compressive strengths. The disclosed compositions are not negatively impacted by Alkali-Silica Reactivity causing expansion.

Abstract: The present invention specifically relates to equipment and a method for preparing an aerogel thermal insulation mortar for a high-temperature kiln thereof. The equipment comprises a top box, a support frame platform, a processing mechanism, an agitation mechanism, a receiving mechanism and a docking mechanism, wherein the top box is provided with a partition frame capable of dividing an inner space thereof into a first material discharge cavity, a second material discharge cavity, a third material discharge cavity and a fourth material discharge cavity respectively; the receiving mechanism is mounted on an inner top of the support frame platform and docked with the top box; the docking mechanism is mounted on the receiving mechanism; an inner bottom of the support frame platform is provided with a collection box; one side of the top box is provided with a door panel.

Abstract: A method includes utilizing a component A selected from mineral component, sand, wood flour or combinations thereof, for reducing the thermal conductivity of a mineral foam produced by a including contacting a cement slurry and an aqueous foam, the cement composition used to prepare the cement slurry comprising the component A and Portland clinker.

Abstract: A formulation for a packaged, dry, cementitious concrete material for rapid repairs to hardened hydraulic-cement concrete pavements, structures, and other articles meets or exceeds the performance requirements of ASTM C928/C928M—20a for a type R3 concrete to be mixed and applied at or below 32° F. The formulation includes calcium sulfoaluminate cement; and a hardening accelerator that operates by contributing seeds of calcium-silicate-hydrate when the dry cementitious concrete material is mixed with water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a gypsum panel and a method of making such gypsum panel. For instance, in one embodiment, the gypsum panel comprises a gypsum core and a first facing material and a second facing material sandwiching the gypsum core, wherein the gypsum core includes gypsum and one or more chloride ion mitigating additives. The methods of the present invention are directed to making the aforementioned gypsum panels by providing the first facing material, providing a gypsum slurry comprising gypsum, water, and the respective additive onto the first facing material, and providing a second facing material on the gypsum slurry.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a gypsum panel and a method of making such gypsum panel. For instance, in one embodiment, the gypsum panel comprises a gypsum core and a first facing material and a second facing material sandwiching the gypsum core, wherein the gypsum core includes gypsum and one or more carbon sequestration additives. The methods of the present invention are directed to making the aforementioned gypsum panels by providing the first facing material, providing a gypsum slurry comprising gypsum, water, and one or more carbon sequestration additives onto the first facing material, and providing a second facing material on the gypsum slurry.

Abstract: There is provided composite materials that include a plastic polymer and gypsum for use as a building material and methods of fabricating the building material. The composite material can include a foaming agent configured to reduce the density of the composite material. The composite material can be extruded or injection molded into a building material form that can include an elongated, rectangular form. The building material can be used as a wood replacement for wooden building materials. The plastic polymer can include linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and/or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The composite material can include a filler, such as wood flour or saw dust.

Abstract: Provided is a composite member including an inorganic matrix part that is made from an inorganic substance including a metal oxide hydroxide; and an electrically conductive material part that is present in a dispersed state inside the inorganic matrix part and has electric conductivity. In the composite member, a porosity in a cross section of the inorganic matrix part is 20% or less.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally relates dielectric materials and methods of forming the same, and more particularly to a combination of co-fireable dielectric materials that can be attached to each other without the use of adhesives. In an aspect, a composite article comprises a magnetic portion comprising a nickel zinc ferrite. The composite article additionally comprises a non-magnetic portion contacting the magnetic portion, the non-magnetic portion comprising a spinel-structured oxide comprising Mg2-xAl2xTi1-xO4 and having a dielectric constant between about 7 and 14, wherein 0<x?1.

Abstract: Disclosed are a BCTZ-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition and a method of preparing a BCTZ-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic which provide high piezoelectric properties and speaker characteristics. The method of preparing a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic includes preparing a mixture in which copper oxide is added to a BCTZ-based base material and sintering the mixture at a temperature of 1300° C. to 1600° C. for 1 to 5 hours, wherein a weight ratio of the copper oxide in the mixture is 0.6 wt %.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric and a method for manufacturing an antiferroelectric are disclosed herein. The antiferroelectric may have high permittivity and breakdown voltage by having a PbxLa1-x([Zr1-YSnY]ZTi1-Z) composition. The manufacturing of the antiferroelectric may be performed through appropriate mixing and dysprosium addition.

Abstract: This disclosure provides resin formulations which may be used for 3D printing and thermally treating to produce a ceramic material. The disclosure provides direct, free-form 3D printing of a preceramic polymer, followed by converting the preceramic polymer to a 3D-printed ceramic composite with potentially complex 3D shapes. A wide variety of chemical compositions is disclosed, and several experimental examples are included to demonstrate reduction to practice. For example, preceramic resin formulations may contain a carbosilane in which there is at least one functional group selected from vinyl, allyl, ethynyl, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, ester group, amine, hydroxyl, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, glycidyl, glycidyl ether, vinyl glycidyl ether, vinyl amide, vinyl triazine, vinyl isocyanurate, acrylate, methacrylate, alkacrylate, alkyl alkacrylate, phenyl, halide, thiol, cyano, cyanate, or thiocyanate.

Abstract: A preparation method of submicron powder of high-entropy nitride via nitride thermal reduction with mechano-chemical assistance, comprising material preparation—grinding—activation—preforming—reaction. In the present invention, high-entropy metal nitride and silicon nitride is used as raw materials, soft mechanochemical activation technologies are used to reduce reaction activation energy of the system, thereafter, by thermal reduction of the nitride, high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is prepared with solid phase methods, and the shortage of high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is addressed. There is no impure phase in the (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)N high entropy powder prepared according to the present invention, and a single phase solid solution of good crystallinity is formed, and distribution of elements and ingredients in the powder is even, no foreign element is present, and oxygen content is controlled to be less than 0.3%.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for a system in which liquid carbon dioxide, or a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, is converted to solid carbon dioxide by exiting an orifice at a sufficient pressure drop, e.g., for delivery of carbon dioxide to a concrete mixture in a mixer.

Abstract: The invention discloses a high impermeability and low thermal conductivity inorganic lightweight foam concrete and its preparation method, including the following mass fraction of raw materials: 1260˜1540 parts of ordinary silicate cement, 20˜60 parts of nano-silica, 460˜740 parts of fly ash, 360˜440 parts of aggregate, 9˜11 parts of redispersible latex powder, 7.2˜8.8 parts of polypropylene fiber, 27˜33 parts of quick-setting agent, 500 parts of fluorine-free foam, 900˜1100 parts of water. 33 parts, 500 parts of fluorine-free foam, 900˜1100 parts of water. The high impermeability and low thermal conductivity inorganic lightweight foam concrete prepared by the present invention has a simple formulation, good workability, light weight and low thermal conductivity, and is suitable for the construction of thermal insulation system for building exterior walls.

Abstract: Compositions with supramolecular structures for use in agricultural methods include a source of micronutrients such as a fertilizer, a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the source of micronutrients, and a solvent. Formulations for combination with a macronutrient source are also included. Methods of treating a plant to improve nutrient assimilation or vigor include applying an agriculturally effective amount of the composition to the plant.

Abstract: Composting systems and methods are disclosed. A composting kit can be removably installed in roll-off waste containers and/or open-topped shipping containers without modifying the container. The composting kit can include a perforated aeration conduit, a flow regulator positioned along the perforated aeration conduit, and/or a delivery conduit fluidically coupled to the perforated aeration conduit at a releasable joint comprising a clearance fit. Additionally, the composting kit can include a blower configured to be fluidically coupled to the delivery conduit. A retraction system can be configured to apply a compressive force to an annular distal face of the perforated aeration conduit to withdraw the perforated aeration conduit while the container is at least partially filled with material, such as compost. The composting system can include a preheating system.

Abstract: Compositions with supramolecular structures for use in agricultural methods include a source of macronutrients such as a fertilizer, a supramolecular host chemical or a supramolecular guest chemical configured to engage in host-guest chemistry with the source of macronutrients, and a solvent. Formulations for combination with a macronutrient source are also included. Methods of treating a plant to improve nutrient assimilation or vigor include applying an agriculturally effective amount of the composition to the plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrification inhibitor formulation for use in combination with anhydrous ammonia, comprising an inhibitor fraction, a solvent fraction and a co-solvent fraction, wherein the inhibitor fraction comprises at least one agriculturally-acceptable inhibitor compound selected from formula 1-6 or a salt thereof, the solvent fraction comprises a polar aprotic solvent, and the co-solvent fraction comprises an ethanolamine compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a propellant in liquid or gel form, in particular for rocket engines, comprising: —an inorganic salt as the oxidising agent, wherein the inorganic salt has an oxygen content of at least 60 weight %; and —a solvent as the fuel, comprising a monovalent or divalent alcohol, a nitroalkane and/or an ionic liquid in which nitrate is the anion, wherein the solvent has an oxygen content of from 30 to 55 weight %, wherein the inorganic salt is dissolved in the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for operating Fischer-Tropsch syntheses for the production of long-chain hydrocarbons and to plants for carrying out these processes, wherein the CO conversion is controlled and/or the catalyst deactivation is compensated.

Abstract: Systems and processes for converting light or very light sweet crudes and condensates to chemicals and petrochemicals. The process includes providing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a crude oil or condensate having an API gravity of at least 35, a sulfur content of less than 0.2 wt %, and less than 10 wt % of hydrocarbons having a normal boiling point above 575° C. The hydrocarbon feedstock is heated and separated to recover a light fraction, a middle fraction, and optionally a heavy fraction. The light fraction is steam cracked to produce a cracked light fraction and the middle fraction is separately steam cracked to produce a cracked middle fraction. The cracked light fraction and the cracked middle fraction are then separated to recover one or more product fractions including an ethylene fraction and a propylene fraction.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating a paraffinic feedstock, producing olefins and/or dienes. The process includes feeding a paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising one or more C2+ paraffinic hydrocarbons and a fuel gas stream to a dehydrogenation reactor preheater, combusting the fuel gas stream in the dehydrogenation reactor preheater and heating the paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to a temperature in the range of 500-650° C., producing a heated paraffinic feedstock, feeding the heated paraffinic feedstock to a first dehydrogenation reactor operating in a reaction mode and containing an active dehydrogenation catalyst and at least one first electrical heating element, heating the heated paraffinic feedstock in the first dehydrogenation reactor using the at least one first electrical heating element, and contacting the heated paraffinic feedstock with the active dehydrogenation catalyst and the at least one electrical heating element thereby producing an olefinic product stream comprising one or more olefins.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates in its first aspect to a process of converting a stream comprising methane into chemicals, said process being remarkable in that it comprises the steps of providing a first stream (1, 5, 11) comprising methane, providing a second stream (79) which is a bromine-rich stream, putting into contact said first stream (15) with said second stream (79) to obtain a third stream (21) comprising at least unreacted methane, methyl bromide, dibromomethane, and hydrogen bromide and removing said dibromomethane from said third stream (21), to produce a dibromomethane stream (103) and a fourth stream (27) comprising unreacted methane, methyl bromide and hydrogen bromide; wherein the fourth stream (27) is converted into chemicals. In its second aspect, the present disclosure concerns an installation for carrying out the process of the first aspect.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.

Abstract: Processes for oxidizing alkanes are provided. In embodiments, such a process comprises combining an alkane, e.g., isobutane, and ozone in a liquid phase medium comprising a protic additive, e.g., water, under conditions sufficient to oxidize the alkane to products comprising a hydroxylate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of manufacturing of allene ketone using specific ammonium (thio)sulfates or hydrogen (thio)sulfates as catalyst. The reaction provides the allene ketone in high yields and selectivities.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for the generation of bio-based plasticizers from lignin from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (H), vanillic acid (G) and syringic acid (S) obtained via oxidative depolymerization of lignin substrates. Chemical and electrochemical methods are described for catalytic reductive coupling of sulfonate derivatives of H, G and S to generate all possible homo- and cross-coupling products. Advantageously, the provided systems and methods allow for the generation of renewable plasticizers that exhibit performance advantages relative to established petroleum-based phthalate ester plasticizers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of alkyl acrylates by direct esterification of acrylic acid with the corresponding alcohol. In particular, the invention relates to the use of a cracker in combination with a topping column equipped with a side draw-off allowing a stream rich in acidic impurities such as ?-hydroxypropionic acid and ?-acryloxypropionic acid to be drawn off during distillation of the crude reaction mixture, so as to produce an acrylic ester meeting purity standards compatible with its use for preparing acrylic polymers.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an ester of butyric acid from an acid mixture, comprising contacting an aqueous carboxylic acid mixture comprising butyric acid and at least one additional carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid and combinations thereof, wherein at least 30% of the total amount of acids in the aqueous carboxylic acid mixture are in free acid form, with a liquid extractant having a Hildebrand solubility parameter of less than 25 MPa(1/2); separating a resultant butyric acid-comprising extract from a residual aqueous phase; contacting a resultant separated butyric acid-comprising extract with an alkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, to form a product comprising an ester of butyric acid and alkanol and optionally water; wherein when water is formed, separating water to provide a separated product comprising an ester of butyric acid.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing an asymmetric linear carbonate, the method comprising: subjecting two kinds of different symmetric linear carbonates to a transesterification reaction in the presence of a metal alkoxide catalyst to prepare an asymmetric linear carbonate, wherein the metal of the metal alkoxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cobalt (Co), calcium (Ca), hafnium (Hf), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), lanthanum (La), rhenium (Re), scandium (Sc), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr) and vanadium (V). Also provided is an asymmetric linear carbonate including the metal alkoxide catalyst.