Abstract: A soil conditioner system includes a bit body. A first buffer bit and a second buffer bit may be mounted in a back-to-back configuration on the bit body. The first buffer bit and the second buffer bit may be mounted in respective recesses formed in the bit body on opposite sides of the bit body. The bit body includes a mounting surface at a second end of the bit body that is used to rigidly couple the bit body with a horizontally rotatable member such that the bit body extends transversely away from an outer surface of the horizontally rotatable member. The bit body includes a first side and a second side disposed on opposing sides of the bit body to face opposite directions of horizontal rotation of the horizontally rotatable member. The first and second sides are positioned between the mounting surface and the first buffer bit and the second buffer bit, respectively.

Abstract: An agricultural weed removal method for a planted crop plant row that can include operating a weed removing implement tool on an optimized travel path for the implement tool, wherein the implement tool traverses the travel path at least partially around one or more crop plants planted in a row. The method can further include adjusting a trajectory of the travel path for the implement tool based on at least one variable. In addition, the step of adjusting the trajectory of the travel path for the implement tool may be further based on detecting the at least one variable in the travel path. Also, the detected variable may be based on least one or more sensors or cameras secured to a host vehicle. Further, the travel path may include an oscillating type pattern having a crest and a trough.

Abstract: An agricultural implement includes a frame having an integrated elongate toolbar carrying at least one row unit, at least one wheel coupled to the frame, a sensor configured to sense a position of the row unit relative to the ground, and an actuator configured to raise or lower the frame relative to the wheel based at least in part on a sensed position of the row unit. Control systems and related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An agricultural implement includes a main frame. The agricultural implement also includes at least one disc gang including a plurality of disc blades, wherein the at least one disc gang is coupled to the main frame. The agricultural implement further includes a hitch system coupled to the main frame, wherein the hitch system is configured to couple the agricultural implement to a work vehicle and to transfer weight between the work vehicle and the agricultural implement to adjust a downward force applied on each disc blade of the plurality of disc blades in engaging soil.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling an agricultural vehicle includes receiving sensor information for an agricultural vehicle from one or more sensors, determining the quality of an agricultural application based on the sensor information, updating a vehicle control learning algorithm for controlling the agricultural vehicle based on the determined quality of the agricultural application, and controlling an operation of the agricultural vehicle based on the updated vehicle control learning algorithm.

Abstract: An agricultural assistance system includes a controller configured or programmed to control an operation of one or more agricultural machines. In response to receiving from a terminal apparatus a signal requesting assistance in agricultural work for a field, the controller is configured or programmed to cause the one or more agricultural machines to move to the field to assist in the agricultural work for the field.

Abstract: A management system manages access of agricultural machines to a field, and includes a processor configured or programmed to, while a first agricultural machine is performing an agricultural task in the field and if a conflict of agricultural tasks for the field exists between the first agricultural machine and a second agricultural machine, allow at least one of the first agricultural machine and the second agricultural machine determined based on priority data to perform the agricultural task for the field.

Abstract: An agricultural vehicle includes a driveline, an interface, and a control system. The driveline includes an engine, a transmission, and a power take off (PTO). The interface is configured to removably couple an implement with the agricultural vehicle. The implement configured to perform an agricultural function. The control system includes processing circuitry configured to obtain an indication of a type of the implement that is removably coupled with the agricultural vehicle. The processing circuitry is also configured to determine a profile for at least the transmission based on the type of the implement that is removably coupled with the agricultural vehicle. The profile defines an operating parameter for at least the transmission such that the transmission operates in a specific manner for the type of the implement. The processing circuitry is also configured to operate at least the transmission according to the operating parameter of the profile.

Abstract: An implement monitoring/soil sensor control system for an agricultural implement may include one or more soil sensors configured to couple to a ground engaging tool of the agricultural implement. The one or more soil sensors may be configured to detect one or more soil properties. Additionally, the soil sensor control system includes a controller with a memory and a processor. The controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of a height of a main frame of the agricultural implement above a soil surface, determine a tool penetration depth of the ground engaging tool based on the height of the main frame, wherein the ground engaging tool is configured to couple to the main frame, and selectively activate the one or more soil sensors based on the tool penetration depth of the ground engaging tool.

Abstract: An agricultural device including a frame, a pair of first rolling elements supported by the frame and configured to form a trench in a soil for planting a seed, and a pair of second rolling elements supported by the frame. The pair of second rolling elements cooperatively engage with the pair of first rolling elements to capture the soil caused by an operation of the pair of first rolling elements. The pair of first rolling elements is at a first angle and the pair of second rolling elements is at a second angle different than the first angle.

Abstract: A cavity-type seed-metering device with a magnetic seed protection assembly is provided, which includes a seed-metering device shell, a seeding plate and a seeding shaft. The seeding plate rotatably mounted in the seed-metering device shell through the seeding shaft. A seeding channel is formed in the seed-metering device shell. Multiple cavities are formed in the seeding plate. Seed filling orifices connected with the cavities are formed in one side of the seeding plate. Seeding outlets connected with the cavities are formed in a circumferential surface of the seeding plate. A magnetic hinge is rotatably connected with the seeding outlet. A notched magnetic ring is fixed in the seed-metering device shell. The magnetic hinge can close the seeding outlet under a magnetic force of the notched magnetic ring. A magnetic block that can attract the magnetic hinge for opening the seeding outlets is arranged in the seeding channel.

Abstract: An output unit (21a. 21 b) for an agricultural implement (1), for feeding granular material to the ground on which the agricultural implement (1) is travelling, comprises a seed furrow-opener (2111), a depth regulator (212), for controlling a work depth for the seed furrow-opener (2111), and a material outlet (213) defining a delivery point at which the granular material leaves the material outlet (213). The material outlet (213) is moveable relative to the seed furrow-opener (2111), so that the delivery point is moveable at least vertically relative to the seed furrow-opener (2111) and has a setting device (216), for controlling or limiting a height position for the delivery point relative to the seed furrow-opener (2111).

Abstract: A system and method are described for planting seedballs into soft soils at a certain depth, in each planting point, using unmanned Ground Vehicle in uninterrupted motion. The system penetrates the soil, deposits seedballs into the soil and cover them after penetration. The system delivers seedballs from a hoper to a planting stinger comprising a tube for seedballs delivery to ground and two moving shovels which create a hole in the soil for depositing a seedball therein and then facilitate covering the hole with the seedball therein with sand. The system is configured to allow accurate planting of seedballs while in continuous uninterrupted motion, at a predetermined depth of the soil, at planting points of the sand having different distances between each other without affecting the area closest to the planting area and free of wheel or track slippage.

Abstract: A side mowing system includes a side mower structured for towing by a work vehicle and configured to mow a section of ground laterally offset from the work vehicle as it traverses the ground. The side mower includes a mowing deck having a mowing mechanism coupled to the mowing deck useful for cutting vegetation. A mower-to-vehicle coupler is also provided and is configured for coupling the side mower to the work vehicle and structured to carry a towing load imparted to the side mower as a result of being towed behind the work vehicle. At least one side mowing sensor is configured to generate at least one side mower signal related to at least one side mower parameter. A data hub is in data communication with the at least one side mowing sensor, the data hub structured to transmit usage data associated with the at least one side mower parameter.

Abstract: A method for operating an autonomous mobile green space processing robot, wherein the green space processing robot includes a drive system for propulsion of the green space processing robot. The method includes: a) monitoring whether a sticking presumption criterion is met, wherein the sticking presumption criterion is characteristic of suspected sticking of the green space processing robot; b) if the sticking presumption criterion is met, operating the drive system for a movement change of the green space processing robot and monitoring whether a sticking confirmation criterion is met, wherein the sticking confirmation criterion is that the movement change does not occur; and c) if the sticking confirmation criterion is met, initiating a sticking countermeasure of the green space processing robot.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a work vehicle that can be controlled automatically. The work vehicle includes HST's for feeding power for traveling to at least either front wheels or rear wheels mounted on a traveling vehicle body, traveling levers for operating driving of at least either the front wheels or the rear wheel, traveling links operably coupling the traveling levers with the HST's, traveling drive sections for driving either the traveling levers or the traveling links, and a traveling control section configured to activate the traveling drive sections in response to receipt of a traveling instruction for the traveling levers in the automatic control mode for automatically controlling the traveling vehicle body.

Abstract: An automatic feed system for a trimmer is provided. Such trimmers include a line that can be spun at high speeds to cut vegetation along roadsides or other areas. The automatic feed system is configured to dynamically detect the current length of the line and automatically feed the line to maintain a maximum or desired length for cutting. This length may typically correspond with the radius of a trimmer deck in which the line spins.

Abstract: A grass trimming head includes a housing assembly and a spool. The housing assembly is formed with a housing cavity and an outer aperture for allowing a cutting line to be inserted from an outside of the housing assembly into the housing cavity. At least a portion of the spool is arranged inside the housing cavity, and the spool is rotatable with respect to the housing assembly about a central axis. The spool is formed with an inner aperture for allowing the cutting line to be inserted into the spool or a clamping portion configured to fix the cutting line.

Abstract: A disc cutter for an agricultural implement includes: a mounting bar including a bar opening; a bolt disposed in the bar opening; a knife nut including a nut opening in which the bolt is disposed; a knife including a knife opening in which the knife nut is disposed, the knife being configured to rotate about a rotation axis defined by the knife nut; and a spring plate biased towards the mounting bar and having a recess formed therein. The knife nut has a portion held in the recess and a bottom of the portion acts as a stop against movement of the spring plate towards the mounting bar.

Abstract: A cutting mechanism includes a driving device and a cutting device connected with the driving device. The cutting device is configured to execute a cutting task under driving of the driving device, the cutting device includes a plurality of cutting units stacked in a first direction, each cutting unit includes at least one cutting element, and each cutting unit forms a cutting domain when executing the cutting task. In at least one second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a first preset spacing is provided between edges of cutting domains of two cutting units closest to a working surface, and the edge of the cutting domains of the cutting units closer to the working surface of the two cutting units is closer to the driving device than that of the other cutting unit in the second direction.

Abstract: Systems and methods which provide force amplified fastener assemblies configured for use with respect to detachable implements for power tools are described. Force amplified fastener assemblies may implement various gear train configurations for giving a mechanical advantage with respect to manual manipulation of the fastener assembly. A force amplified fastener assembly may include a lock mechanism operative to lock and/or unlock the force amplified fastener assembly and thus a fastening element thereof. In some examples, a force amplified fastener assembly may include a grasping member assembly for facilitating manual application of torque. Additionally or alternatively, a force amplified fastener assembly may include a removable and replaceable external surface covering configured to protect at least a portion of the force amplified fastener assembly.

Abstract: A cutting arrangement (2) configured to be attached to a lawnmower (1) to cut vegetation is disclosed. The cutting arrangement (2) comprises a cutting unit (4) configured to rotate in a first rotational direction (R) around a rotation axis (Ax) during operation, a cutting guard (3) comprising a top surface (13) and side walls (34), and a centre body (8) protruding from the 5 top surface (13). The centre body (8) is arranged such that the distance (d11, d12, d13) from the rotation axis (Ax) to radially outer delimiting surfaces (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) of the centre body (8) decreases continuously, seen in the first rotational direction (R), within a first angle (a1) having its vertex (v) at the rotation axis (Ax). The first angle (a1) exceeds 90 degrees or exceeds 180 degrees. The present disclosure further relates to a lawnmower (1) comprising 10 a cutting arrangement (2).

Abstract: A system for fastening a tension rod of a grain tank of an agricultural vehicle to a frame of the agricultural vehicle to which the grain tank is mounted. The tension rod includes an elongated body extending between a first connection end that is configured to be connected either directly or indirectly to the grain tank, and a second connection end including openings for respectively receiving fasteners. A first member is either configured to be mounted to the frame or associated with the frame. The first member includes (i) openings for respectively receiving the fasteners, and (ii) a first non-planar mounting surface. A second member includes (i) openings for respectively receiving the fasteners and (ii) a second non-planar mounting surface that is configured to be directly engaged with the first non-planar mounting surface to limit relative motion between the tension rod and the frame in an assembled state.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for monitoring and controlling the distribution of residue material from a spreader tool of an agricultural machine. A sensor is mounted to the machine and has a sensing region rearwards of the agricultural machine. Using data from the sensor a distribution of residue material associated with the spreader tool is determined. Based on this distribution, one or more operational parameters of the agricultural machine or one or more components thereof are controlled to achieve a desired or improved residue spread from the spreader tool.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for aligning an agricultural vehicle, such as a harvester, with reference crop rows by implementing a nudge in the form of a change in a feedback signal from a sensing arrangement that detects relative distances from the reference crop rows. The nudge may be implemented as a voltage change in a variable voltage feedback signal from the sensing arrangement. The amount of nudge may be determined from an algorithm, a lookup table, or may be made in predetermined steps. The system may implement open loop (manual) or closed loop control of the nudges.

Abstract: A power transfer arrangement includes: a first drive shaft configured to couple to a power source; a first slip clutch assembly including a drive hub, a clutch housing coupled to the drive hub, and a clutch hub disposed partially within the clutch housing and including a coupling that extends outside of the clutch housing and is coupled to the first drive shaft, the clutch hub being configured to rotate the clutch housing and the coupled drive hub; a second drive shaft coupled to the clutch hub; a gearbox coupled to the drive hub; and a second slip clutch assembly including a second drive hub, a second clutch housing coupled to the second drive hub, and a second clutch hub disposed partially within the second clutch housing and including a second coupling that extends outside of the second clutch housing and is coupled to the second drive shaft.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for automatically adjusting conditioning rollers of a windrower implement, such as those used to condition hay and other windrowed crops. Adjustments can be made on the fly to rollers used to condition the crop based on several factors such as the condition of the crop, the density, speed, header conditions, and more. Sensors can be used to detect the crop's and others' conditions, and automatic adjustments can be made, such as the distance between conditioning rollers, and/or the pressure applied by the rollers, to meet a desired crop condition for the windrows.

Abstract: Embodiments related to a produce harvesting system including a robotic limb, a vacuum source, an end effector for picking produce are disclosed. Additionally, embodiments related to methods and systems for planning movement paths for the end effector and controlling operation of a produce packing cart are disclosed.

Abstract: A harvester reel for an agricultural harvester. The harvester reel includes a central rotatable shaft, and a plurality of reel tine bars extending widthwise across the reel and connected to the central rotatable shaft for rotation therewith. Each of the plurality of reel tine bars includes a biasing member for biasing the reel tine bar to rotate about its central longitudinal axis, and a plurality of tines. A cam assembly guides rotation of the plurality of reel tine bars. The cam assembly includes a primary cam for guiding rotation of the tine bars during rotation of the central rotatable shaft, and a moveable or stationary secondary cam. The moveable secondary cam pivots the tine bars about their longitudinal axes away from a cutterbar. Alternatively, a moveable diverter cooperates with the stationary secondary cam to pivot the reel tine bars about their longitudinal axes away from the cutterbar.

Abstract: A conveyor roller structural assembly for harvesters, such as those intended for harvesting tall and stalky plants, such as sugarcane and sweet sorghum, with this structural assembly being designed and developed to eliminate material losses through the displacement openings of the floating rollers. The conveyor roller structural assembly is formed by a conveyor roller whose bearings are mounted on support bases, and these support bases are anchored on a pivoting bar which is rotatable about its axis, said structural assembly also comprising at least one closing tab which is mounted in an articulated manner with the support base through a connector element, and it is configured to close a displacement opening provided in the side wall of the chassis of the harvester.

Abstract: A footrest for an outdoor power equipment having a frame that supports a seat. The footrest includes a first footrest portion supported relative to the frame and defines a first support surface. The footrest also includes a second footrest portion defining a second support surface. The second footrest portion is movably coupled to the first footrest portion. The footrest also includes an adjustment mechanism positioned between the first and second footrest portions to adjust a position of the second footrest portion between a first position where the second footrest portion is closest to the seat, a second position where the second footrest portion is farthest from the seat, and infinitely between the first and second positions.

Abstract: Mowing systems include a mower and, optionally, a remote control unit such as a handheld unit, between which may be provided 1- or 2-way communications. Components and features are included in the mower, the remote control unit, or both to enhance the safety, functionality, or user experience of the system's user/operator. One aspect relates to automatically enabling the mower throttle and maintaining or reducing the throttle based on manipulation of a joystick Another aspect relates to a visual indicator of a state of a brake.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel methods and compositions for the maturation and regeneration of plantlets from microspore-derived embryos. The compositions provided herein include a liquid maturation composition comprising a first plant hormone and about 430 mM to about 880 mM of a monosaccharide solute, a disaccharide solute, or a polysaccharide solute. The methods provided herein include the steps of contacting a microspore-derived embryo with a liquid maturation medium for a time period sufficient to produce a matured microspore-derived embryo, transferring the matured microspore-derived embryo to a substrate, and regenerating the plantlet from the matured microspore-derived embryo.

Abstract: A cutter machine may include a first blade, a second blade configured to rotate relative to the first blade, a base member supporting the first blade and the second blade, a screw member including a head portion and a shaft portion extending from the head portion which is a proximal end of the shaft portion, wherein the screw member fastens the first blade and the base member to each other, a looseness restraint member attached to the shaft portion and configured to be pressed by the head portion to restrain loosening of the screw member, and a fall-off restraint member attached to the shaft portion on a distal side of the shaft portion relative to the looseness restraint member and configured to restrain the looseness restraint member from moving relative to the shaft portion in a direction from a proximal side to the distal side of the shaft portion.

Abstract: A garden tool includes: an electric motor; a housing formed with or connected to a front handle and a rear handle for a user to hold, where the front handle is held by one hand of the user, and the rear handle is held by the other hand of the user; a first operation switch controlled by the front handle; a second operation switch controlled by the rear handle; and a controller configured to control the electric motor according to a sequence in which the first operation switch and the second operation switch are turned on.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a planting method for cereal crops in a plant factory to promote four to five crops per year. During the planting period, the cereal crops are cultivated under the irradiation of blue-yellow-red-far red mixed light. In the blue-yellow-red-far red mixed light, the photon ratio of red light (600-699 nm) and blue light (400-499 nm) is 3-4, the photon ratio of red light (600-699 nm) and yellow light (500-599 nm) is 3-7, and the photon ratio of red light (600-699 nm) and far-red (FR) light (700-780 nm) is 3-4. The present invention ensures the normal growth of cereal crops under the control of artificial light planting environment, realizes four to five crops per year of cereal crops, greatly shortens the crop planting cycle, and improves the utilization rate of land and water resources.

Abstract: A modular grow lighting assembly provides a structure for integrating grow light strips into channels defined in vertical and horizontal structural supports. Levels of support structure can be added above previously installed levels as needed. A cable management system is also provided.

Abstract: An exemplary computer-implemented method for administering one or more treatments to a plant in a greenhouse comprises: receiving data associated with the plant; providing the received data to a trained machine-learning prediction model to obtain: a first set of health predictions of the plant corresponding to a present time; and a second set of health predictions of the plant corresponding to a future time; determining whether the plant is unhealthy or lagging a growth trajectory based on: a first comparison based on the first set of health predictions and observed health of the plant at the present time, and a second comparison based on the second set of health predictions and a future production goal of the plant; if the plant is unhealthy or lagging the growth trajectory, identifying the treatments for the plant; and controlling one or more robots in the greenhouse to administer the treatments.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cultivating a plant are disclosed, including an inverse lighting system in which photosynthetic energy sources, such as lamps or lights, are placed under or behind the plants such that the light is directed away from the structure housing the plant. Photosynthetic energy sources are disposed behind or under the canopy of the plant to direct energy away from the structure in which the plant is growing.

Abstract: A seed development device for Psammochloa villosa using condensate water in desert areas includes: a cultivation box, a top surface of the cultivation box is connected to a cooler and condensate water collecting units through a support frame. Each condensate water collecting unit includes an outer frame, sleeve pipes, a middle frame, a cold air cavity, water collecting rods, a water collecting tank and a delivery pipe. The delivery pipe is connected to the cultivation box. When an outdoor temperature cannot complete condensation of water vapor, the cooler completes cooling of the cold air cavity and water collecting rods until condensate water collection is completed, water drops fall into the water collecting tank to complete water collection, which is used for water supplement of seed development of Psammochloa villosa, thus reducing the process of artificial water supplement and improving the development efficiency of seeds of Psammochloa villosa in desert areas.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of cultivating plants comprising supplying at a given time a quantity of a plant protection product and/or plant growth regulator to the plants, wherein said quantity is adapted based on a prediction of a physiologic state of the plants at a time in the future relative to the given time, and is compensated for a difference between an indication of the real physiologic state of the plants at a time in the past relative to the given time and a theoretical physiologic state of the plants for said time the past.

Abstract: A trellising system comprises a dual layer structure, including an outer layer and an inner layer. The system includes at least one core structure-group, a plurality of main wires, and an anchorage structure. The core structure-group comprises a plurality of growing units. The main wires, which extend along an entire length of a row constituted by the core structure-groups, include an upper sheet wire, an upper trellis wire, and optionally an overhead conveyor wire. One terminal end of each of the main wires is attached to the anchorage structure. The outer layer makes an outer support sub-system to support a plurality of sheet materials. The inner layer makes a trellis support sub-system to support plant growth.

Abstract: A combination rake/refuse collector has a rake portion which traps leaves and other debris, a handle portion which contains a hollow tube, a connector portion which connects the hollow tube to a vacuum unit, and a storage/processing container. The vacuum unit and storage processing container are carried via a shoulder harness with two straps on the back of user. The vacuum unit sucks leaves and other debris collected by the rake portion, through the hollow tube and the connector portion, and directs them to the vacuum storage bag where they are shredded and exhausted into the leaf vacuum bag. The handle portion allows the user to direct the rake portion.

Abstract: In the present arrangement, a forest machine is controlled, which forest machine includes a body (2), a boom (3) in connection with the body (2) and a tool (4) at the end of the boom (3). A sensor (9) arrangement determines in advance the size of utilisable free space (11A, 11B) starting from the end of the boom (3). This determination consists of determining a direction and a length of the free space (11B). The operation of the tool (4) is allowed into the direction and for the length of the utilisable free space (11A, 11B) determined in advance.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a growing medium. The method comprises accumulating a particulate material. The particulate material comprises particles having a range of particle sizes. The method further comprises agitating the particulate material. Agitation of the particulate material causes smaller particles of particulate material to sink to the bottom of the growing medium under gravity and to thereby displace larger particles of particulate material to the top of the growing medium. There is also provided a growing medium comprising a particulate material defining a volume of particulate material. The particulate material comprises particles having a range of particle sizes. The concentration of smaller particles of particulate material increases from the bottom of the volume of the particulate material to the top of the volume of the particulate material.

Abstract: A method for spraying Robinia pseudoacacia on exposed shale wall to efficiently and rapidly restore green and improve soil pH value is provided. External-soil spray seeding is used to spray mixed microorganisms, organic fertilizer, and soil on exposed shale walls with a green plant of Robinia pseudoacacia to efficiently and rapidly restore green and improve soil pH value. The mixed microorganisms include Kocuria sp. X-22, Microbacterium sp. X-26, Bacillus sp. X-28 and Microbacterium sp. X-18, and the mixed microorganisms are added to organic fertilizer and soil by fermentation broth. The weight ratio of mixed microorganisms, organic fertilizer and soil is 1:1:8. The method can promote the rapid growth of Robinia pseudoacacia on the exposed shale wall and significantly increase organic matter content, effective phosphorus content, and pH value of the Robinia pseudoacacia soil.

Abstract: A liquid additive control system for use in a horticultural irrigation system such as a residential or commercial sprinkler system. The liquid additive is injected directly into the irrigation system. The system is capable of being introduced into an existing and/or newly installed irrigation system. Two or more different types of liquid additive can be connected to the same irrigation system, such as to provide shrub and bush liquid additive (e.g. a phosphorus liquid additive) for one zone and lawn liquid additive (e.g. a nitrogen liquid additive) for another zone. An existing sprinkler timer could be adapted to connect to a liquid additive controller and remote controller(s) and associated valve boxes and sprinkler heads, or a standalone unit could provide both sprinkler timer and liquid additive controller functionality.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide irrigation systems comprising: a central irrigation controller; a radio module; a control module; and a radio adaptor in communication with the control module; where the control module comprises: a processor, a first communication interface, and one or more valve drivers, where the control module is configured to implement irrigation commands in implementing at least a portion of irrigation programming such that the one or more valve drivers are each configured to control a different irrigation valve in accordance with the irrigation programming; and the radio adapter comprises: a second communication interface communicationally coupled with the first communication interface, and a wireless radio frequency transceiver configured to provide wireless communication with the radio module where the radio adapter is configured to relay information between the radio module and the control module.

Abstract: A vertical hydroponic system with environmental control for horticultural production including a plurality of production structures with levels for separation of the production seedlings and short species. Each level contains a stainless-steel tray and a high-density polyethylene plastic liner. Each stainless steel tray and high density polyethylene plastic liner contain an insert through hole and a draining-filling system with a plurality of fill-drain lines connected to each of the plurality of stainless steel trays and high-density polyethylene liner through the insertion through holes, a central pumping-filtering-disinfection system; a hydraulic pump; a ring filter; and a UV lamp for disinfection of the nutrient solution and elimination of microorganisms that are pathogenic for plants; an automated LED lighting system having a plurality of modules each with at least two tubular LED lamps.

Abstract: An aquaculture device for growing kelp in the ocean is provided. The device includes an upper hub having an outer rim, where the outer rim of the upper hub has a first perimeter, and the device includes a lower hub having an outer rim, where the outer rim of the lower hub has a second perimeter, where the second perimeter is larger than the first perimeter. The device further includes a plurality of connecting arms coupling the upper hub to the lower hub, and the upper hub and the lower hub are configured to hold kelp seeded grow lines in a diagonal orientation relative to the upper hub outer rim and the lower hub outer rim. The aquaculture device may further includes a floatation structure coupled to the lower hub and configured to be filled with a fluid to adjust the buoyancy of the aquaculture device. Methods of growing kelp in the ocean are also provided.