Abstract: Disclosed are an implement descending stability control method and system and a tractor. An outlet of a main pump is communicated with an inlet of a main overflow valve, an inlet of a constant-difference overflow valve and an inlet of an implement control valve. An oil outlet of the implement control valve is connected with a spring cavity of the constant-difference overflow valve through a steady-state throttle valve and is communicated with an inlet of a switching valve. An oil outlet of the switching valve is connected with a rodless cavity of a suspension cylinder in a suspension mechanism, and the rodless cavity of the suspension cylinder is communicated with an inlet of a descending valve. A rod cavity of the suspension cylinder is connected with an inlet of a secondary overflow valve.

Abstract: A working machine includes a prime mover to produce power, a variable displacement hydraulic pump to be actuated by power produced by the prime mover to deliver hydraulic fluid, a hydraulic actuator to be actuated by hydraulic fluid delivered by the hydraulic pump, a control valve to adjust hydraulic fluid to actuate the hydraulic actuator, and a controller configured or programmed to control the control valve. The controller is configured or programmed to, based on an actual rotation speed of the prime mover, control the control valve to limit a maximum flow rate of hydraulic fluid supplied from the control valve to the hydraulic actuator such that the maximum flow rate does not exceed a limit flow rate. The limit flow rate corresponding to a rotation speed of the prime mover is not more than a maximum delivery flow rate of the hydraulic pump corresponding to the rotation speed.

Abstract: Agricultural implements often include one or more vision-based or chemical detection-based sensors mounted thereon to monitor various parameters associated with the performance of such agricultural operations. During the performance of agricultural operations, the implement may encounter topographical irregularities or impediments within the field. The topographical irregularities or impediments may jar the implement, thereby causing one or more components of the implement to vibrate. Such vibrations are, in turn, transmitted from the implement frame to the sensors, which may result in the data being captured by the sensors having poor quality. Therefore, an agricultural implement may include a support arm coupled thereon and configured to reduce the magnitude of the vibrations transferred to the sensors by dissipating or otherwise absorbing the vibrations being transferred to the sensors.

Abstract: An agricultural machine includes an image recognition system to detect, from an acquired image, a row region including at least one of a crop and a ridge on a ground surface of a field, a positioning system to acquire a position of the agricultural machine, traveling equipment including a wheel responsible for steering, and a controller configured or programmed to perform either one of automatic path travel in which the traveling equipment is caused to travel along a target path based on the position of the agricultural machine acquired by the positioning system, or row-following travel in which the traveling equipment is caused to travel along a row region that is detected by the image recognition system.

Abstract: An agricultural machine includes an image recognition system to detect a row region including at least one of a crop and a ridge on a ground surface of a field, traveling equipment including a wheel responsible for steering, a controller configured or programmed to control the traveling equipment, and a start switch to give a command to start row-following travel where the controller is configured or programmed to control the traveling equipment to travel along the row region as detected by the image recognition system.

Abstract: A connection arrangement for use in a forage harvester between a feed roller and a gear box of a forage harvester is disclosed. A gearbox shaft with a central through bore is rotatingly supported in a gearbox housing around an axis of rotation, an outer surface of a distal end of the gearbox shaft being provided with ridges. A feed roller shaft is rotatingly supported around the axis of rotation, the feed roller shaft having a central blind bore aligned with the central through bore of the gearbox shaft, an outer surface of a distal end of the feed roller shaft being provided with ridges. A connecting shaft is located within the central bores of the gearbox shaft and the feed roller shaft. A sleeve having internal splines is provided, surrounding the distal ends of the gearbox shaft and the feed roller shaft. The splines of the sleeve match the ridges of the gearbox shaft and the feed roller shaft so as to provide torque transmission between the gearbox shaft and the feed roller shaft.

Abstract: A vehicle for tending to an elevated agriculture includes a base, a lower platform positioned above the base, and an adjustable support frame extending vertically upward from the lower platform. The adjustable support frame includes an expandable scissor portion. The vehicle also includes an elevated platform connected to the adjustable support frame such that the elevated platform is positioned above the lower platform, the elevated platform configured to selectively, vertically raise upward relative to the base from a lower height toward a higher height via selective expansion of the expandable scissor portion. The vehicle also includes a guide rail extending vertically upward from the elevated platform and horizontally surrounding at least a portion of the elevated platform. The vehicle further includes a drive unit operatively attached to the base and configured to selectively direct horizontal movement of the base with the elevated platform thereon.

Abstract: Method, device and computer program product for controlling an autonomous vehicle coupled to an implement, the method comprising: by at least one processing circuitry of a device adapted to be in communication with an autonomous vehicle coupled to an implement, executing code for: receiving sensory data relating to the implement acquired by at least one sensor deployed in an environment of the implement and configured for operating during working of the implement in the environment; determining, based on analyzing the sensory data, at least one of: instructions to modify a motion vector of the autonomous vehicle, and instructions to perform an actuation operation on the implement by the autonomous vehicle; generating at least one control command encoding the instructions; and communicating the at least one control command to the autonomous vehicle, wherein the autonomous vehicle applying the instructions in response to the at least one control command.

Abstract: The devices, systems, and methods herein use air pressure to dispense seed into the ground in a controlled manner. In certain embodiments, a valve is actuated to push a single seed out of a seed chamber. The seed can be conveyed from the metering housing and through a seed delivery apparatus to the furrow at high speed. The seed is rapidly conveyed from the seed chamber to the furrow by a precisely controlled air pulse to eliminate variation enable high planting speeds.

Abstract: A plant dispensing unit for planting plants may include a set of ejectors for engaging and retaining plant balls of a row of plant balls in a tray having a plurality of rows. Each ejector may be configured to eject the engaged plant ball with force. A plant dispensing unit may include a funnel assembly configured to receive an ejected plant ball and direct it to a shoe configured to receive the ejected plant ball from the funnel and position the plant ball for planting. A plant dispensing unit may include a control system coupled to an ejector drive system a shoe drive system, for operatively coordinating actions of the plant dispensing unit. A plant dispensing unit may include a flat feeder for operating a tray feeding system of the plant dispensing unit to index rows of the tray for engagement by the ejectors.

Abstract: Systems and methods may include an unmanned lawn mower that includes a predictive model service. The predictive model service may be trained by a machine learning system and may serve to autonomously control the unmanned lawn mower. In this way, the unmanned lawn mower may navigate throughout a lawn and may cut the lawn and/or perform other lawn maintenance procedures during the navigation. The system may also include a variety of sensors and cameras to detect image data and environmental data of an area surrounding the unmanned lawn mower. The image data and the environmental data may be provided to the predictive model service in order to control the operation of the unmanned lawn mower in real-time.

Abstract: A walk reel mower has a traction frame that carries a handle assembly to accommodate users of different heights. A pivotal bail on the handle assembly allows the user to slip a traction clutch to temporarily slow the mower down when turning the mower around. The handle assembly has a resilient isolator that acts in shear to permit the traction frame of the mower to maintain the quality and the height of cut when operated by users having a heavy downpressure touch on the handle assembly. A fixed head reel cutting unit or a flex head reel cutting unit can be interchangeably carried on the traction frame using a common mount therefor. Backlapping can be accomplished in situ by using an idler wheel between a driven transport wheel and the reel of the cutting unit to reverse the direction of the reel.

Abstract: Disclosed are mowers having a mower deck and a suspension system which couples the mower deck to a mower frame. The suspension system includes an actuator coupled to the mower frame, and a mechanical translation system coupled between the actuator and the mower deck. The mechanical translations system is configured to translate actuation positions of the actuator to height positions of the mower deck. A mechanical operator input is coupled to the mechanical translation system, and the translation system is further configured to allow height positions of the mower deck to be temporarily raised by actuation of the mechanical operator input, without further actuation of the actuator, so that frequently encountered obstacles can be quickly avoided without delays required to raise the mower deck with the actuator.

Abstract: A glider assembly for a handheld trimmer includes a glider shaft coupleable at one end with a rotating head of the handheld trimmer, and a glider plate connected to an opposite end of the glider shaft. The glider plate is part-spherical or saucer shaped and includes a concave side and a convex side. A bearing acts between the glider plate and the glider shaft. The assembly enables an operator to rest the weight of the trimmer on the ground during use while controlling a cutting height.

Abstract: An agricultural machine includes a chassis and a header located at one end of the chassis. The header is configured to harvest a crop in a field. A spreader is located at an opposite end of the chassis and discharges a residue of the harvested crop in a rearward direction from the agricultural machine onto the field. An unloading conveyor has a first end coupled to the chassis and a second end that extends rearwardly from the chassis. A sensor is adjustably coupled to the unloading conveyor and senses a characteristic of the residue as the residue is discharged from the spreader and is distributed onto the field. The sensor is movably adjustable relative to the unloading conveyor.

Abstract: A combine harvester with a grain tank for storing harvested grain, an unload conveyor for unloading the harvested grain stored in the grain tank into a nearby grain hauling vehicle, a chopper for chopping residue straw, and a spreader system for spreading the chopped residue straw in an area behind the combine harvester. The combine harvester further includes a radar-based residue monitoring system for monitoring a spreading distribution of the chopped residue straw. A controller is configured to receive sensor signals from one or more radar sensors of the radar-based residue monitoring system, and to detect a presence of the nearby grain hauling vehicle based on the received sensor signals.

Abstract: A turf maintenance apparatus with an auger for transporting turf clippings out from a mowing implement of the turf maintenance apparatus can reduce power consumption for a bagging implementation for an electric-powered machine. In some embodiments, the turf maintenance apparatus can have an electric motor as a prime mover, or an electric motor for powering the mowing implement, or a combination of the foregoing. The auger can be powered by an electric motor and convey turf clippings, leaves, vegetation and other material expelled from a mow deck of the turf maintenance apparatus to a receptacle, bag or the like.

Abstract: An electronically driven and controlled transmission box for harvesting machine corn headers, having built-in headers to guide and channel the plant that is harvested. The transmission box has an electric motor that controls a set of axle and central gear through which they distribute the rotation to the axes of the lifting chains of each furrow, as well as to the axles that control the rolls of the same groove.

Abstract: An agricultural harvester includes a header and a cab for an operator of the harvester. The header includes a frame, a support arm connected to the frame and a harvesting reel assembly. The harvesting reel assembly includes a central rotatable shaft connected to the support arm, a reel member extending widthwise across the harvesting reel assembly and connected to the central rotatable shaft for rotation therewith, and a first cam assembly rotatable about a first end of the central rotatable shaft. The first cam assembly includes a first cam plate, a first non-circular cam track for guiding rotation of the reel member and a first adjustor. The first adjustor is operatively engaged with the first cam plate and pivotably connected to the support arm for adjusting a rotational position of the first cam assembly relative to the central rotatable shaft.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for automatically adjusting settings on a baler based at least on the characteristics of a previously formed or forming bale. A baler collects a target crop and forms a bale. During or after formation of the bale, sensors collect data that is indicative of bale characteristics, including mass flow, shape, size, density, wrap and twine control, amongst other for the bale. A baler controller can use the identified bale characteristics to determine baler settings adjustments, for the baler, that can bring the bale, or subsequent bale, into specification based on predetermined thresholds for the bale characteristics. Further, actuators can operably adjust the baler settings on the fly.

Abstract: A blade arrangement for a garden tool is disclosed. The blade arrangement has a guide rail, a first blade bar that can be moved relative to the guide rail, and a cover. The first blade bar is guided so as to be displaceable in an oscillating manner. The guide rail is located between the cover and the first blade bar. The first blade bar has slotted holes. The guide rail has through-openings. The cover has screw bosses. The first blade bar is attached to the cover with screws. The screws are guided through the slotted holes of the first blade bar and the through-openings of the guide rail and screwed into an internal thread of the screw bosses.

Abstract: A plant full-cycle growth illuminating device includes a control circuit, a first LED component, and a second LED component. The first LED component and the second LED component are respectively connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to obtain a user instruction and respectively control a light output intensity of a first combined spectrum and a light output intensity of a second combined spectrum according to the user instruction, which meet spectral needs of plants in different growth stages of a whole growth circle. Moreover, the first combined spectrum and the second combined spectrum are independent from each other and do not affect each other. The control circuit is simple and low in cost and is flexible to use.

Abstract: A drawer-type plant cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a body unit configured such that a hexahedral frame is erected on the ground and a plurality of support bar pairs is symmetrically installed on inner surfaces of both sides of the hexahedral frame to be vertically spaced apart from each other; plant units each configured to provide at least one plant box that is provided such that both sides of the top end thereof are inserted into the body unit, so that the plant box is seated on a corresponding one of the support bar pairs; and piping units each disposed inside the plant box, and each comprising a piping part connected to the rear of the plant box to supply a nutrient solution and supply oxygen and one or more corrugated pipe parts connected to the bent points of the piping part.

Abstract: Plant support equipment includes trays each have a plant-supporting surface and a series of grooves or channels extending below the pot-supporting surface. The plant support trays have water runoff troughs that receive runoff water from the grooves or channels. The plant support trays may be configured to provide gravity-based drainage while supported on a horizontal frame or rack or platform, or may be configured to provide drainage while supported on an angled frame or rack or platform.

Abstract: A perforating, oxygenating and water injection integrated apparatus for mushroom sticks of edible mushrooms includes a support component that can realize lifting motion; a perforating, oxygenating and water injection component includes a needle head fastener, the needle head fastener is connected to the support component via lifting pieces, a plurality of hollow needle heads are fastened to the needle head fastener, and the needle heads are respectively in communication with a water supply pipeline and an oxygen supply pipeline; mushroom stick support frames are installed on the support component, and can expand and contract relative to the support component; the mushroom stick support frames are located below the perforating, oxygenating and water injection component; and mushroom stick grabbing components are fastened to the support component, and includes grabbing mechanisms that grab the mushroom sticks to the mushroom stick support frames and then release.

Abstract: A method of stacking sod rolls on a pallet includes operating a sod handling apparatus of a sod harvester to form a plurality of layers of the sod rolls on the pallet. Each layer contains nine sod rolls comprising a row of five sod rolls positioned next to each other, a first pair of sod rolls oriented perpendicular to the five sod rolls of the row and positioned adjacent an inner end of the row, and a second pair of sod rolls oriented perpendicular to the five sod rolls of the row and positioned adjacent the inner end of the row parallel and in alignment with the first pair of sod rolls.

Abstract: An irrigation system with transient state speeds of movement achieves and maintains substantial straight alignment of multiple interconnected spans with continuous movement over a range of speeds in a forward and reverse movement direction. A variable-speed drive controller monitors and processes the output of the corresponding alignment detector and, based on the output of the alignment detector, selects from memory and continuously furnishes to the corresponding span motor a predetermined progressively increasing speed profile or a predetermined progressively decreasing speed profile.

Abstract: Embodiments include an apparatus and method for a planter configured to receive and grow a plant having a container with a main body and a base coupled to the bottom of the main body. The main body and base define an interior space and is configured to receive and hold a grow medium. The main body has internal and external surfaces in which the internal surface faces the interior space of the container. The external surface of the main body includes a plurality of body ribs and channels where each body rib includes a plurality of vented openings. The base includes a conical portion located at a substantially central location and a plurality of base ribs extending radially from an outer surface of the conical portion toward the interior surface of the main body. Each portion between adjacent base ribs includes a plurality of vented openings.

Abstract: A closed hydroponic vertical modular cultivation system, comprising: a lighting system; a system pump; a nutrient supply reservoir; a reservoir cover; a nutrient supply pipe; a hydroponic vertical modular cultivation system panel; and a nutrient return pipe. The closed system pumps a nutrient aqueous solution to seedlings that are in stabilization collars that are integrated into the troughs of the panel. The system, panel, and lighting system are vertically orientated and several lighting systems and panels may be part of one system.

Abstract: An SNP molecular marker combination of Brassica napus L. and application method thereof are provided, and the SNP molecular marker combination includes 1407 SNP molecular markers. A set of 1407 high-quality and highly polymorphic SNP markers is screened, which are co-dominant markers, have high specificity, sensitivity and resolution, and have wide application universality. The markers are not affected by environmental conditions and can be detected by using seeds or any type of plant tissue. Detection results are accurate and have good repeatability and stability. Different data results obtained from different testing laboratories can be compared and verified with each other, and the data has universal comparability. A 1.5 K SNP chip is prepared by using the 1407 SNP markers, so as to detect genome-wide SNP of Brassica napus L. samples quickly, with high-throughput and low-cost, which can be effectively used for breeding or assisted breeding of Brassica napus L.

Abstract: Disclosed is a strain of Beauveria spp. fungi which may be in a symbiotic association with a host plant, particularly a Brassicaceae host plant. Also disclosed are methods of using the disclosed Beauveria strain to confer resistance to at least one fungal pathogen to the host plant, as well as to combinations comprising the endophyte and a host plant or part thereof, including seeds.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for enhancing disease resistance in plants are disclosed.

Abstract: A propagation plug includes an irradiated, hydrophilic substrate body comprising a growing medium having bound organic fibers, the substrate body being rewettable and having a moisture content of less than about 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the body, as measured according to ASTM test method no. D2216 and being sterile as evidenced by having an aerobic bacterial count of <10 cfu/g as measured by ISO test method no. 4833-1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to cellular agriculture and biotechnology-based methods to produce food. The disclosure especially relates to a process for converting biomass derived from a plant cell suspension culture into a three-dimensional plant biomass structure. The present disclosure further concerns a three-dimensional plant biomass structure obtained by the present method. The present disclosure further concerns a food product comprising said three-dimensional plant biomass structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Lactuca sativa seed designated 41-CO1019 RZ. The present invention also relates to a Lactuca sativa plant produced by growing the 41-CO1019 RZ seed. The invention further relates to methods for producing the lettuce cultivar, represented by lettuce variety 41-CO1019 RZ.

Abstract: The present invention provides wheat variety R14000248 #58, and derivatives and hybrids thereof. The present invention further provides methods of use of wheat variety R14000248 #58, its derivates, and hybrids, e.g., in breeding.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 96030818 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 96030818, to the plants of soybean cultivar 96030818, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 96030818, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 96030818. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 96030818. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 96030818, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 96030818 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: Provided herein are genetically modified cells and genetically modified plants having increased or decreased expression of a cellulose synthase like G (CSLG) enzyme. These cells and plants may have an increased or decreased content a steroidal alkaloid, a steroidal saponin, or a triterpenoid saponin, compared to a corresponding unmodified cell or plant. Also provided herein are methods of producing a steroidal alkaloid, a steroidal saponin, or a triterpenoid saponin in a genetically modified cell, as well as methods of reducing the content of a steroidal alkaloid, a steroidal saponin, or a triterpenoid saponin in a cell of a plant or a plant part, and methods of increasing the content of a steroidal alkaloid, a steroidal saponin, or a triterpenoid saponin in a cell of a plant or a plant part.

Abstract: A toilet designed for use by pets, the solution of which seeks to guarantee that the device toilet or bathroom for dogs and cats can be installed in any place in the home, so as to integrate a flexible bag with the toilet destined to receive the liquid originating from the animal, this bag having a capacity to accommodate a certain volume of urine, and can be discarded at any time. The bag further receives a rubberized plastic “mat” on top, on which the animal positions itself, where it can also carry out its physiological needs, urine or feces, in the latter case to be scooped up by the pet owner with a little bag or similar. This set, both bag and mat area, can be sanitized. The embodiments include an alternative, which operates by an association of electro-mechanical, electronic and wireless communication resources.

Abstract: A foldable pet enclosure includes a main section and a roof section. The main section defines a pair of side walls, a pair of end walls and a bottom wall. The pair of side walls are attached to opposite sides of the bottom wall by first hinge areas and the pair of end walls are attached to opposite ends of the bottom wall by second hinge areas. The roof section is dimensioned to fit atop the main section with the pair of side walls folded upward along the first hinge areas from the bottom wall and with the pair of end walls folded upward along the second hinge areas from the bottom wall.

Abstract: A modular animal crate assembly including a first side panel having a door; a second side panel, a third side panel, a fourth side panel, a fifth side panel, and a sixth side panel; where the first side panel, the second side panel, the third side panel, the fourth side panel, the fifth side panel, and the sixth side panel are coupled together to form the modular animal crate assembly; a first assembled state; and a second assembled state; where the first side panel is positioned on a first side of the modular animal crate assembly in the first assembled state; and the first side panel is positioned on a second side of the modular animal crate assembly in the second assembled state.

Abstract: A milking device and method for milking an animal includes a frame; a teat cup carrier connected pivotally to the frame; a number of receiving elements arranged in or on the teat cup carrier and configured to receive teat cups to which milk hoses are connectable for the purpose of discharging milk, a guide for moving the teat cups and/or milk hoses substantially vertically downward and pivoting the teat cup carriers relative to the frame; and a cylinder comprising a teat cup end and a guide end. The teat cup end is connected operatively to the teat cup carrier, and wherein the guide end of the cylinder is arranged in, on or at the guide, wherein the milking device comprises a rest state and a milking state and is displaceable from the rest state to the milking state by the cylinder.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a feeding system. The feeding system includes a housing that substantially forms an exterior surface of the feeding system, inside the housing includes an arm configured to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise to a plurality of positions, wherein the arm is configured to support a can; a can opener at a first position of the plurality of positions; and an opening of the housing at a second position of the plurality of positions. A sealed-can barrel is situated to receive and store a stack of sealed cans within the housing, and a cam-operated latch device is provided to release a bottommost can of the stack onto the arm. In timed operations, a cam-operated retainer device is configured to hold a plurality of sealed cans of the stack above the bottommost sealed can while the bottommost sealed can is being released onto the arm.

Abstract: A dispensing device includes a container, wherein a bottom surface of the container includes a container opening to the interior storage; first and second sliding members that engage with the first and second tracks, respectively; a bowl support connected to the first and second sliding members, and wherein the bowl support is configured to move between a filling position and a serving position; and an actuator including a body including a first end and a second end. When the first end is in a first position, the bowl support is in the filling position. When the first end is in a second position, the bowl support is in the serving position.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel pet tag, in particular to the technical field of pet tags, comprising a main body, wherein the main body described comprises a transparent cover and a bottom shell; The inner side of the transparent cover is described provided with a plurality of mounting grooves I, and magnetic attractors I are arranged in the mounting grooves I described; The surface of the bottom shell described is also provided with a plurality of mounting grooves II at positions corresponding to the plurality of mounting grooves I on the transparent cover described.

Abstract: According to the present invention disclosed herein, there is provided an animal paw washing device, comprising: an inner casing configured to hold water when water is added to the device; soap or other cleaning composition provided in solid form; a tray for the soap or other cleaning composition provided in solid form, wherein a portion of the soap or other cleaning composition provided in solid form is dissolvable to form a solution in inner casing when water is added.

Abstract: A gyroscopic pet toy having a transparent sphere, a base member, a first magnet, an arm and a winged figure. The base member has central area and an outer edge area. The first magnet is installed to the base member proximate the central area. The arm is attached to the base member proximate a portion of the outer edge area. The arm extends upwardly over the central area of the base member. The winged figure hangs downwardly from a string-like element attached to a distal end of the arm. The winged figure is located above and spaced apart from the central area of the base member. The winged figure has a second magnet disposed therein with the first and second magnets being oriented to interact with one another. The base member, the first magnet, the arm and the winged figure are all moveably installed within the transparent sphere.

Abstract: An inflatable ball includes an inner layer. an intermediate layer and an outer layer. The inner layer has an inflatable bladder for storing air. The intermediate layer is provided over the inner layer. the intermediate layer including ethylene vinyl acetate. The outer layer is provided over the intermediate layer. The outer layer includes rubber.

Abstract: A method of preparing a dental care composition that comprises a peroxidase and an oxidase, wherein an oxidase is combined with a colostrum and/or milk powder comprising said peroxidase. In some embodiments, the peroxidase is a lactoperoxidase and the oxidase is a glucose oxidase. In some embodiments, one or more additional enzymes is added to the dental care composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pet toy includes preforming one or more rubber compound sheets, preforming a foam rubber core in a desired shape, enclosing the foam rubber core within the one or more rubber compound sheets so that the foam rubber core forms an inner part and the one or more rubber compound sheets form an outer part, and coating the outer part enclosing the inner part.