Abstract: Outdoor gardening tools are provided. An outdoor tool includes a powerhead unit and a tool unit powered by the powerhead unit. The tool further includes a user control member, and a grip member. The tool unit includes an elongated body having a shaft and a cutting element extending radially from the shaft, and a connector. The connector is configured to couple with a complementary connector of the powerhead. The tool unit is configured to be rotatably driven by the powerhead. The tool is configured to enable a user to dig a hole in a ground surface while maintaining a standing position.

Abstract: A tillage tool achieves stability at higher speed ranges by providing stabilization with additional damping through damping elements on the front support wheels and on the constant level linkage and on the rear tool. The tillage tool maintains maximally one longitudinally positioned unsuspended load path to the ground provided by unsuspended depth gauging wheels longitudinally positioned parallel to a front to rear rocking axis to allow for constant settings throughout the depth, speed, and field condition ranges.

Abstract: Lawn conditioning tools are provided. A lawn conditioning tool includes a housing including an electric motor, a work element, and a drive shaft extending between the electric motor and the work element. The work element includes at least one support plate, at least one wheel, one or more bars extending between the at least one support plate and the at least one wheel, and a plurality of extension members extending from the one or more bars. The work element is rotatably driven by the electric motor via the drive shaft.

Abstract: An agricultural machine includes a main frame, an adjustable frame coupled to the main frame and, a row unit which includes a linking arm coupled to the adjustable frame, and an actuator coupled to the main frame and the adjustable frame. The agricultural machine also includes a controller configured to command the actuator to move to various positions based on signals received from one or more sensors. The one or more sensors are configured to measure one more indicators associated with an actual height of the row unit relative to ground.

Abstract: Agricultural devices, row unit adjustment systems, and methods of adjusting a depth of a furrow. In some aspects, an agricultural device is adapted to plant seeds and includes a frame, a furrow opener coupled to the frame and adapted to cut a furrow including a depth, a sensor adapted to sense a characteristic associated with planting seeds and generate a signal associated with the sensed characteristic, and a processing unit receiving the signal associated with the sensed characteristic. The depth of the furrow is adjustable based on the signal associated with the sensed characteristic. Such characteristic may be a characteristic of the soil, a force applied to the agricultural device, or a position of a portion of the agricultural device.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present subject matter is directed to a system which includes a row crop mitigation system configured to mitigate damage to a row crop by changing a steer angle of a ground engaging element of an agricultural work vehicle. The row crop mitigation system includes a crop row sensor configured to generate crop plant data, as well as a mitigation steering controller configured to selectively change the steer angle of the ground engaging element of the agricultural work vehicle. The mitigation steering controller having an inactive state in which the mitigation steering controller does not change a steer angle of the ground engaging element, and an active state in which the mitigation steering controller is configured to generate a mitigation steer angle command to change the steer angle of the ground engaging element.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for agricultural earthworm management is provided. The present invention may include identifying a crop type and a growth stage associated with a plant cultivated within an agricultural sector; estimating a nutrient requirement and a water requirement associated with the plant based on the crop type and the growth stage; determining a desired soil moisture value for the agricultural sector based on the nutrient requirement, the water requirement, an earthworm productivity, a soil moisture and a soil temperature; and operating an irrigation system to adjust the soil moisture of the agricultural sector to match the desired soil moisture value.

Abstract: A method and system for continuous flow seed treater data acquisition, commercialization, and use. The method and system include, for example, a seed treater with one or more seed treatment inputs, one or more seed treater operations, and one or more environmental inputs for treating seed at a controlled rate. Seed is treated with at least one of the one or more seed treatment inputs, and at least one of the one or more seed treater operations are controlled based on the at least one of the one or more seed treatment inputs.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an aqueous seed coating composition based on a specific polyvinyl alcohol copolymer resin as a binder plus a hydrophobic pesticide additive, and seeds coated with such coating composition, which coated seeds have a desirable combination of bulk low dusting, bulk seed flowability and good germination characteristics.

Abstract: A trench opener having a row unit comprising a frame and a shank; a disc rotatingly attached to the frame, wherein the disc has an angle ? from vertical greater than zero degrees to 10 degrees; a wedge attached to the shank, the wedge having a disc facing side that is parallel with the disc, a second side opposite the disc facing side, wherein the second side is perpendicular to a ground surface, and a leading edge.

Abstract: A meter module (200A, 200B, 200) for metering a product in communication with the meter module (200A, 200B, 200). The meter module (200A, 200B, 200) includes a meter housing portion (203) and a lower chamber portion (205), the meter housing portion (203) having a top opening (204) through which the product enters the meter housing portion (203). A metering mechanism is disposed in the meter housing portion (203) and is driven by an electric motor (216). As the metering mechanism is driven, the metering mechanism meters the product into the lower chamber portion (205), the metered product exits the lower chamber portion (205) through a bottom opening (158, 208) in the lower chamber portion (205). The lower chamber portion (205) may include a flow sensor and/or internal structure (260) to capture and weigh the metered product before exiting through the bottom opening (158, 208).

Abstract: A seed planting and detection system has a seed meter with a seed disc having a plurality of spaced apertures positioned about and adjacent an outer edge of the seed disc. A seed pickup is positioned about the outer edge of the seed disc where a seed is placed into one of the plurality of spaced apertures. Positioned downstream from the seed pickup area is a singulator that is configured to knock extra seeds off of the seed disc. Downstream from the singulator is a release point configured to release the seed placed into the one of the plurality of spaced apertures for delivery to a targeted area.

Abstract: A riding mowing device includes a seat for a user to sit on; a vehicle frame for supporting the seat; a cutting assembly; a traveling assembly including a left drive wheel and a right drive wheel; a power supply assembly mounted to the vehicle frame; and a steering wheel assembly including a steering wheel for the user to turn to control the direction of the riding mowing device, where the steering wheel includes an initial position and an extreme position. The riding mowing device further includes a traveling control module configured to, when the steering wheel rotates from the initial position to the extreme position, decrease the target rotational speed of an inner wheel among the left drive wheel and the right drive wheel and increase the target rotational speed of an outer wheel among the left drive wheel and the right drive wheel.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is an autonomous operation device. In the present invention, the autonomous operation device comprises: a device body; a cutting mechanism, wherein the cutting mechanism has a cutting body, which is located at the bottom of the device body; and a gear mounting mechanism, wherein the gear mounting mechanism is connected to the device body and the cutting mechanism, and is used for configuring a height between the cutting body and a traveling surface of the autonomous operation device when the cutting mechanism is mounted on the device body. Compared with the prior art, the autonomous operation device is convenient for a customer to use, and the production cost thereof can be reduced.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a riding-type mowing apparatus, in which a mower unit is disposed below a body frame to mow grass through a blade mounted in the mower unit and a driver seat is provided on the body frame, includes: a steering lever provided on both sides of the driver seat to operate traveling of the riding-type mowing apparatus; a brake pedal provided on a bottom frame disposed in front of the body frame to brake the riding-type mowing apparatus; and a lift-down pedal and a lift-up pedal disposed on both sides of the brake pedal to lift-down and lift-up the mower unit, respectively.

Abstract: A lawn mower includes a housing (1), a push rod connected with the housing, at least one front wheel mounted in front of the housing, at least one rear wheel mounted at the rear of the housing, a first electric motor driving the front wheel, a second electric motor driving the rear wheel, and a controller electrically connected to the first electric motor and the second electric motor, the controller is configured to turn-on or turn-off the first electric motor and/or the second motor. The lawn mower can be driven in two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive as required, which is convenient to operate and maintain.

Abstract: An autonomous working apparatus includes a main body mechanism, a moving mechanism, a working mechanism and a control module. The main body mechanism includes a support body, and the working mechanism is configured to be installed on the support body. The working mechanism has an operating member and a height variable mechanism. The height variable mechanism is configured to be movably connected with the operating member. The operating member is configured to be rotatably connected to the support body, and the operating member is configured to operatably drive the height variable mechanism to move along the height adjustment direction. The force between the operating member and the height variable mechanism is caused by the gravity of the height variable mechanism, and the force between the operating member and the support body is caused by the gravity of said operating member and of said height variable mechanism.

Abstract: A grounds maintenance vehicle having a vehicle frame is disclosed. An implement is coupled to the vehicle frame and has a first implement end and a second implement end. A height selection tool is configured to select one vertical position of a plurality of selectable vertical positions, where each vertical position limits a distance between the implement and the vehicle frame. An implement angle selection tool has a manually engageable mechanism configured to change the elevation of one of the first implement end or the second implement end relative to the other of the first implement end or the second implement end. The implement angle selection tool is configured to fix the elevation of the first implement end relative the second implement end.

Abstract: A handheld work apparatus includes a housing with an upper housing part and a lower housing part, an electric motor arranged in the housing. A rotor shaft of the rotor is mounted relative to the housing by means of a first bearing and a second bearing so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation. The rotor shaft extends in the direction of the axis of rotation from the upper housing part into the lower housing part. The first bearing is held by the upper housing part. The second bearing is held by the lower housing part, a receptacle formed at least partially on the upper housing part for fastening a tube to the housing— The upper housing part and the lower housing part at least partially overlap the stator in the direction of the axis of rotation.

Abstract: An agricultural harvester includes an oscillating cleaning shoe to which one or more sieves are connected, and a seed mill having an inlet for receiving a stream of chaff material, and an outlet through the stream of chaff material is expelled. A pan is configured to be connected to the oscillating cleaning shoe. The pan has a surface that is configured to direct the stream of chaff material into the inlet of the seed mill.

Abstract: An autonomous agricultural robot including: a control unit and treatment tools. The autonomous agricultural robot being characterised in that it includes a protective device. This protective device is configured to: measure characteristic quantities of so-called upstream crops, these crops being located upstream of the treatment tools; measure characteristic quantities of so-called downstream crops, these crops being located downstream of the treatment tools. The control unit being configured to: receive the measurements of the characteristic quantities of the upstream and downstream crops; perform a comparison of the measurements of the characteristic quantities of the same upstream and downstream crops; transmit a command for protecting the crop parcel to the autonomous agricultural robot when the comparison exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Float performance of a header is enhanced by using tilt position and/or lift position changes of the header to automatically adjust ground reaction force when operating conditions require a change in tilt and/or lift position of the header, such as for cutting certain crops, cutting in certain conditions, or to maintain a mechanical advantage. Using an equation to relate the changing down force with the tilt and/or lift positions, the floatation setting of the header is changed to maintain a constant ground reaction force. The adaptive floatation avoids the need for the operator to exit the vehicle to check and, if necessary, adjust the floatation force after each tilt and/or lift adjustment.

Abstract: An agricultural system includes a cutter bar assembly with a first knife section and a second knife section. The agricultural system also includes a drive system associated with the cutter bar assembly and having a first drive assembly configured to drive movement of the first knife section and a second drive assembly configured to drive movement of the second knife section. The agricultural system further includes a controller configured to receive signals indicative of a relative phase between the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly and provide control signals to adjust the relative phase between the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly to maintain the relative phase at a target relative phase.

Abstract: A predictive algorithm for ground conditions using header (108) position feedback to support header (108) floatation control. A velocity, an acceleration, and a change in acceleration associated with a change in header (108) position due to ground contour changes are calculated. Using position feedback, the header floatation control system (400) can predict ground contours to increase floatation ground force when cresting hills and decrease floatation ground force when approaching hills.

Abstract: A pull-type mower having a frame and a header movably attached to the frame, the header including; a cutting mechanism; a conditioning mechanism; a lift mechanism comprising one or more hydraulic actuators, the lift mechanism configured to lift the frame relative to a ground surface below the mower; a tilt mechanism comprising one or more hydraulic actuators, the tilt mechanism configured to rotate the header about an axis transverse to a fore-aft axis of the header; and a spring mechanism arranged in parallel to the one or more tilt hydraulic actuators, the spring mechanism configured to apply a biasing force that tilts the header forward when the one or more tilt hydraulic cylinders are depressurized.

Abstract: A modular equipment assembly may include a base unit and a secondary front unit. The base unit may include a base frame, a motor, a tool interface, one or more wheels, and a handle. The motor may be mounted on the base frame. The tool interface may be disposed within the base frame in mechanical communication with the motor to removably attach a first tool head to the base frame. The one or more wheels may be mounted to the base frame apart from the movable tool to support the base unit. The handle may be mounted to and extend rearwardly from the base frame. The secondary front unit may be removably attached to the base unit, the secondary front unit may include a secondary front frame selectively disposed in front of the base frame forward from the tool interface to move with the base unit.

Abstract: A system for an agricultural harvester includes an extractor configured to separate debris from a crop and expel the debris therefrom. The extractor can include a hood and a fan assembly positioned at least partially within the hood and configured to generate a suction force to force the debris through the extractor. The fan assembly can include a fan blade. A support system can be operably coupled with the fan assembly and configured to alter a position of the fan blade relative to an upper portion of the hood.

Abstract: A machine 10 for harvesting horticultural products, in particular leafy vegetables, comprises a support structure 20 mainly extending predominantly along a movement direction M of the machine 10, between a first end 11 and a second end 12; cutting means 30 mechanically associated with said support structure 20, arranged at said first end 11and configured to cut said horticultural products; conveying means 40 mechanically connected to said support structure 20 and extending, along a conveying direction R, between a harvesting portion 41 arranged near said first end 11, and an outlet portion 42arranged near a receiving area of said support structure 20, and configured to convey said cut horticultural products along said conveying direction R; motorisation means 50mechanically associated with said conveying means 40 and configured to move them so as to convey said cut horticultural products; wherein said conveying means 40 comprise a first carrier 60; and a second carrier 70 arranged counter-facing said first ca

Abstract: There is disclosed a mobile autonomous agricultural system comprising a powered mobile unit for carrying agricultural equipment, and configured to move along rows of crops. The powered mobile unit comprises a chassis extending along a longitudinal axis defining an inner zone to receive the row of crops, and an actuator which is moveable between a fully extended position and a fully retracted position to respectively raise or lower the height of the chassis above the ground. At least one distance sensor is disposed on the powered mobile unit and configured output respective distance signals relating to the distance of objects from the respective distance sensor. A controller is configured to receive the distance signals, and to control extension of each of the actuators to control the height of the powered mobile unit based on the distance signals.

Abstract: An agricultural mower includes a chassis, a wheel coupled to the chassis, and a header unit coupled to the chassis. A first actuator is configured to move the header unit between a field position, in which the wheel contacts a ground surface to support the header unit, and to an elevated position in which the header unit is positioned further from the ground as compared with the field position. A first retaining element is mounted to the chassis. A second retaining element is mounted to the header unit. The second retaining element is configured to be releasably engaged to the first retaining element. A second actuator is provided for moving the first retaining element from a first position in which the first retaining element is remote and disengaged from the second retaining element to a second position in which the first retaining element is engaged with the second retaining element.

Abstract: A harvesting device includes a conveying member having controlled tines. In order to protect the controlled tines and the crankshaft on which the controlled tines are mounted from an overload. The overload protection is connected on its side facing the dead shaft to the dead shaft and on its side facing away from the dead shaft, via a retainer, to the frame; the overload protection operates as a spring element, which, under the action of an overload, through spring motion, allows a rotary motion of the dead shaft from an initial position into a deflected position by absorbing an overload acting on the dead shaft and, building up in itself restoring forces, and, after the disappearance of the overload, the spring element can move back automatically into its original position, driven by restoring forces in the spring element, and also resets the dead shaft to its initial position.

Abstract: A system for an agricultural harvester includes an extractor configured to separate debris from a crop and expel the debris therefrom. The extractor can include a hood and a fan assembly positioned at least partially within the hood and configured to generate a suction force to force the debris through the extractor. The fan assembly includes a fan blade. An actuator is configured to alter a position of the fan blade relative to an upper portion of the hood. A sensor system is configured to generate data indicative of one or more operating parameters or conditions of the extractor. A computing system is communicatively coupled to the sensor system and the actuator. The computing system being configured to receive the data from the sensor system and determine a defined position of the fan blades relative to the hood based at least in part on the data from the sensor system.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of wrapping, including applying a leading end of a wrapping unit to a perimeter of an object to be wrapped, the wrapping unit having a length between the leading end and a trailing end and including a reduced risk material portion extending from the leading end towards the trailing end; applying the reduced risk material portion along at least a portion of the perimeter of the object; and applying a polymeric portion of the wrapping unit, the polymeric portion extending from the reduced risk material, along at least a portion of the perimeter of the object such that the reduced risk material portion and the polymeric portion together extend at least one complete revolution around the object.

Abstract: A round baler for forming a cylindrical bale includes a frame which is supported on the ground via a chassis, and a housing having a baling means, e.g., baling belts, that defines a baling chamber of variable diameter. The round baler includes a first sensor device for determining a weight of the bale, a second sensor device for determining a diameter of the bale, and a baler controller, by means of which at least a diameter and a weight of a finished bale may be specified. A method for operating the round baler includes controlling the round baler to produce a bale having the pre-selected diameter and weight.

Abstract: A plant pruner comprising a single blade is disclosed. The plant pruner comprises a U-shaped housing having a first arm and second arm extending from a U-shaped first end. The first arm comprises a mounting block for receiving a blade. The second arm comprising a cutting block to provide a cutting surface with the cutting edge of the blade.

Abstract: A hedge trimmer includes a blade assembly, a power assembly, a battery pack, a connecting rod and a handle assembly. A first end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the power assembly and a second end of the connecting rod is connected with a battery pack cavity. The battery pack is mounted in the battery pack cavity, and the power assembly accounts for less than 46% of a weight of the hedge trimmer. The disclosure reduces a weight of the power assembly at a front end through placing the battery pack behind, and a hedge trimmer may not turn its head, which shortens an overall length requirement of the hedge trimmer. Therefore, a weight of the hedge trimmer is reduced, and a structure of the hedge trimmer is compact.

Abstract: A planting mat, comprising a first layer, a second layer joined to the first layer at least partially by their edges, the first layer and the second layer are foldable and releasably fastened at corners to form a tray, at least one panel for rigidity is arranged between the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to automated systems and methods for monitoring, evaluating, and cultivating products within a facility, such as livestock, crops, etc. Disclosed herein are mobile sensing units for capturing raw data corresponding to certain characteristics of plants and their growing environment. Also disclosed are computer devices and related methods for collecting user inputs, generating information relating to the plants and/or growing environment based on the raw data and user inputs, and displaying same.

Abstract: A laminated film having a heat-ray reflection layer and a weather-resistant layer on at least one surface of the heat-ray reflection layer, in which the heat-ray reflection layer has a multilayer laminated structure in which 20 or more layers of a first layer mainly composed of a resin and a second layer mainly composed of a resin are alternately laminated, the first layer contains polyethylene naphthalate, a protective layer with a thickness of 10 ?m or less and mainly composed of the resin of the first layer is provided on at least one surface of the multilayer laminated structure, the weather-resistant layer with a thickness of 3-15 ?m is composed of a resin composition containing 8-45 mass % of an ultraviolet absorber having a triazine skeleton, and a secondary reflection band of the laminated film is 400-700 nm, and a spectral transmittance in the secondary reflection band is 60% or more.

Abstract: In the method a forwarder is applied, including one or more sensors adapted to sense one or more log pile attributes that concern and identify a pile of logs as a whole, each log pile attribute representing a property of the log pile, the forwarder further collecting the logs in each sensed log pile. In the method a forest harvester is applied, adapted to harvest trees to produce logs that are deposited in log piles, including one or more sensors adapted to sense one or more log pile attributes that concern and identify a pile of logs as a whole, the forest harvester storing and/or processing the sensed one or more log pile attributes, and/or sending them to a remote location, and/or sending them to one or more forwarders. The method including comparing the sensed one or more log pile attributes to identify the log pile. The arrangement includes the forest harvester and the forwarder.

Abstract: The method for controlling a forwarder comprises storing in a control unit of the forwarder one or more predetermined paths of a head of an articulated boom of the forwarder or a grapple suspended from the head; enabling an automatic transfer of the head or the grapple along one of the paths. The enabling is carried out manually by an operator with the help of a control device; setting off the automatic transfer with the help of a predetermined motion or sequence of motions carried out manually. The method further comprises automatically transferring the head or the grapple under control of the control unit, from a current position of the head or the grapple representing a starting position of the path, along the path, and to an end of the path; stopping the head or the grapple at the end of the path; and automatically disabling the automatic transfer of the head or the grapple after reaching the stopping position.

Abstract: The method for controlling a forest harvester includes measuring, when carrying out an operation, rotational speed of an engine; automatically determining, in a control electronics, a relative or absolute difference between the measured rotational speed of the engine and a predetermined guideline for the rotational speed of the engine, the guideline defining a preferred rotational speed or a range of preferred rotational speeds for the operation that is being carried out; and automatically notifying, by the control electronics, an operator of the forest harvester, that the determined difference either follows the guideline or the determined difference deviates from the guideline. The engine being adapted to deliver predetermined power levels during the operation.

Abstract: A hydroponic water treatment system incudes a supply tank configured to receive water having contaminants dissolved therein. An irrigation pump is in fluid communication with the supply tank. The irrigation pump is configured to pump the water out of the supply tank. One or more above ground first containerized plant systems include a first growing container. A first plant having a first root system is disposed in a substrate contained in the first growing container. A first holding container is configured to contain the first growing container therein. The first holding container includes a fluid connection. The fluid connection is in fluid communication with the supply tank. The first root system is configured to receive a first portion of the water from the irrigation pump via drip irrigation and the fluid connection is configured to return a second portion of the water to the supply tank.

Abstract: A method for artificial intelligence software to manage and optimize energy consumption across a vertical farm and a greenhouse, comprising: a grid of solar panels that provide solar power, a solar battery and sensors throughout the vertical farm; wherein the greenhouse can be heated or cooled; wherein heating and cooling is managed per type of plant and stage of growth; wherein there is a combined cycle sensor, instrumentation; wherein data from both the vertical farm and the greenhouse is fed into the combined cycle sensor and instrumentation; wherein there is an outdoor light measurement sensor that measures and estimates the conditions of solar power in the solar grid, and sends data to artificial intelligence software; wherein the artificial intelligence software determines how much light various plants in the hydroponic greenhouse needs in order for those plants to maximize the yield from those plants.

Abstract: The invention is a plant cultivation system for growing plants in or on a body of water. The system includes a plant support that is at least partially buoyant in the water or sinks below a surface of the water. The system further includes a plurality of plant seeds positioned on a top surface of the support. The seeds germinate and grow into plants within the structure, using the body of water as a nutrient source. Advantageously, as the plants grow, they remove pollutants from the water, such as nitrogen and phosphorous. As a result, nutrient pollution from the water is reduced and cultural eutrophication is reversed, thereby preventing deadly algal blooms, and increasing the health of the aquatic ecosystem.

Abstract: A system to guide robotic automation of vertical farming, comprising: artificial intelligence optimization software that estimates size, mass and yield of the vertical farming; wherein the artificial intelligence optimization software is coupled to a robot; wherein the robot utilizes computer vision in order to estimate the height, growth and mass of plants in a vertical farm; wherein the robot has a robotic arm that sows seeds in the vertical farm; wherein once the seed grows past a seedling, the robot moves the seedling to a hydroponics greenhouse; wherein in the hydroponics greenhouse the robot uses computer vision to estimate the height, growth and mass of plants; and wherein the artificial intelligence optimization software provides guidance and feedback on when and where the robot should make changes to plants in the hydroponic greenhouse. The system also has sensors throughout the vertical farm and greenhouse that send data to the software.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for sprouting seeds. The apparatus comprises a loading chamber with an open upper end for receiving seeds and dispensing a predefined quantity upon command, disposed in an operative upright position. A soaking chamber, engaged with the lower end of the loading chamber, receives the predefined quantity of seeds. The apparatus includes a liquid inlet coupled to the soaking chamber, delivering a predetermined amount of liquid for soaking the seeds. A sprouting chamber, engaged with the lower end of the soaking chamber, receives the seeds post-soaking and maintains a controlled environment for the required sprouting period. Finally, a collection chamber, coupled to the lower end of the sprouting chamber, receives the sprouted seeds upon completion of the sprouting period.

Abstract: A method for enhancing photosynthetic productivity in aquatic environments through precision electrochemical nutrient delivery can involve deploying a pair of electrodes within a water-based matrix, where the first electrode functions as an anode and the second as a cathode, forming an electrochemical cell with the water serving as an electrolyte. At least one of these electrodes can be composed of or coated with an inorganic nutrient, facilitating a precise and low-concertation release of nutrients through controlled electrochemical nutrient delivery (CEND). A specified potential difference can be established between the electrodes to control the rate and amount of nutrient delivery. This such a potential difference can facilitate a precise addition of an inorganic nutrients into the water, such as to promote a growth or carbon capture capabilities of photoautotrophic organisms.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a low reversion type low nornicotine content tobacco plant line without use of a genetic modification technique or a factitious mutant preparation technique. Also provided is a tobacco plant. In the method in accordance with this disclosure, a variety-specific DNA sequence that links with a low reversion type low nornicotine character is determined, and selection is carried out with use of the sequence as an index.

Abstract: Provided herein is garlic variety ‘BGS 352,’ including seeds thereof and methods of using the variety to generate additional garlic varieties. The variety is characterized by its color, size, and shape.