Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for performing a valve replacement or repair. Apparatuses may include systems and may include an outer catheter, one or more interchangeable inner catheters, a guidewire and an expandable chordae tendinae deflector. Also described herein are rapid pacing sheaths that may be used with any of these apparatuses and methods.

Abstract: An annuloplasty repair segment for heart valve annulus repair and a method for forming. A multi-stranded cable replaces solid core wire for both the tricuspid and mitral valves which allows for greater deployment flexibility for minimally-invasive surgical (MIS) implant, while still maintaining the required strength and similar tensile properties of solid-core wire. The particular shape of the annuloplasty ring is fixed using a heat setting process including heating the flexible core member to a temperature higher than 500° C. and holding it in a desired heat-set saddle shape for a period of time. The core is then rapidly cooled to impart physical properties such that the flexible core member can be straightened, during implantation, to fit through a tubular access device and regain the heat-set saddle shape after exiting the access device and, when attached to the native heart valve, the flexible core member is strong enough to remodel the native heart valve.

Abstract: An device for treating a native valve includes a sealing element and an anchoring element. The sealing element is made from a braided mesh material. The sealing element is dimensioned to be deployed in an annulus of a native valve of a heart at a position between native valve leaflets to contact the native valve leaflets during ventricular systole to create a seal to prevent regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium. The sealing element is configured to both be radially expanded and radially reduced while at the position between the native valve leaflets. The anchoring element is adapted for deployment in the heart, the anchoring element coupled to the sealing element and configured to support the sealing element at the desired position between native valve leaflets.

Abstract: A delivery system for delivery of a radially expandable device to an implantation site in a patient, the delivery system including an elongated tubular member comprising a distal tip and an outer surface, first and second balloon portions spaced proximally from each other and the distal tip along a length of the tubular member, an annular space between the first and second balloon portions, a plurality of clip deployment tubes extendably moveable relative to the outer surface of the tubular member, and a plurality of clips, wherein each clip is moveable within a length of one of the clip deployment tubes between a retracted position and a deployed position.

Abstract: The invention relates to medicine and, more particularly to surgery and oral surgery. A titanium matrix based on a tension-free metal warp knit fabric for guided tissue regeneration is made of a warp-knitted mesh fabric formed from titanium threads, the structure of the mesh fabric being in the form of a combined, plain, two-bar metal warp knit fabric formed on the basis of primary and derived weaves and having alternating wales consisting of one and two titanium threads respectively, wherein the titanium threads have a contoured surface.

Abstract: Augments for implantation of an orthopedic implant device in a bone. A distal end of an outer portion of the augment can have a shape that is configured to generally conform to the shape of a metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of an intramedullary canal of the bone. Further, a proximal end of the outer portion of the augment has a shape that is configured to generally conform to a shape of the metaphyseal region of the intramedullary canal. Additionally, the shape of the outer portion at the distal end can be separated from the shape of the outer portion at the proximal end by a distance that is approximately equal to the distance between the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction and the metaphyseal region of the intramedullary canal.

Abstract: A sacroiliac joint implant system includes a primary implant configured to be received in a sacroiliac joint of a patient and a secondary implant configured to couple with the primary implant. The primary implant includes a body extending from a proximal end to a distal end and a plurality of threads extending from the body. The secondary implant includes a first anchor configured to anchor within a sacrum of the patient and a second anchor configured to anchor within an ilium of the patient.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to an elbow arthoplasty prosthesis that includes an ulnar component, a humeral component, one or more articulation liners, and a retention trap. The ulnar component includes a spherical bearing head that can be inserted into the humeral component in a number of orientations. The articulation liners and the retention trap are operatively engaged to the humeral component to retain the ulnar component within a humeral socket. The present disclosure also relates to methods of assembling and implanting the prosthetic device.

Abstract: A glenoid component for coupling to a scapula of a subject includes a body. The body includes an articulation surface adapted to articulate with a humeral component, and the body further includes a distal surface adapted to face the glenoid of the scapula. The distal surface includes a base surface portion adapted to face a first portion of the glenoid. The distal surface further includes an augmented surface portion adapted to face a second portion of the glenoid. The base surface portion and the augmented surface portion define an obtuse angle therebetween.

Abstract: A vertebral body replacement device, dimensioned for implantation between a first and second vertebral bone is described. The vertebral body replacement device includes a superior endcap, an inferior endcap and a central core between the superior and inferior endcaps. The vertebral body replacement device further includes a fusion aperture extending through the superior and inferior endcaps and central core. The vertebral body replacement device is made of radiolucent material and can be implanted from a lateral or anterior approach to the spine.

Abstract: An intradiscal shield and an exterior shield configured to prevent re-herniation and to provide structural integrity to a spinal defect within or on a spinal disc. An insertion instrument to insert the intradiscal shield within the spinal defect and attach the intradiscal shield or exterior shield to the spinal disc. The insertion instrument having a distal tip for spraying a protein crosslinking reagent within the spinal defect. The exterior shield configured for attaching to the exterior wall of the spinal disc and blocking an exterior opening of the spinal defect.

Abstract: An intervertebral implant having an open lattice structure formed by a plurality of elongate struts, including a first strut and a second strut. In addition, the body includes a contact surface configured to confront a bone plate, the contact surface including a node defined by an intersection of the first strut and the second strut. The implant includes an enlarged contact member disposed at the node, wherein the enlarged contact member has a substantially flattened outer-facing surface forming part of the contact surface. In addition, the enlarged contact member has an outer perimeter edge that extends beyond the node, and at least a portion of the first strut and at least a portion of the second strut extend inward from the enlarged contact member toward a central core of the body.

Abstract: A spinal cage with a wall extending in a longitudinal direction defining an interior space is disclosed. There is also provided a deployable element in movable relation to the spinal cage.

Abstract: An expandable interbody fusion device and an associated instrument for inserting the device into an intervertebral disc space, expanding the device and for use in delivering graft material into the device once expanded in the disc space. The device is small enough to fit through Kambin's triangle yet is capable of expanding both in the vertical direction to accommodate spinal lordosis and in the lateral direction to provide sufficient structural support for opposing vertebral bodies laterally within the disc space. A process of forming textured top and bottom surfaces of the device by initially laser ablating each surface with a nano-second pulsed laser followed by laser ablating those surfaces with a femto-second pulsed laser.

Abstract: An interbody implant can comprise a cage and a porous structure. The cage can comprise an anterior segment, a medial segment, a posterior segment and a lateral segment contiguously connected to each other to define an interior space. The porous structure can be located in the interior space and can be bounded by the cage. The porous structure can comprise opposed superior and inferior surfaces exposed through the cage, an internal cavity located in an interior of the porous structure, and a plurality of ports connecting the internal cavity to the superior and inferior surfaces. A superior-inferior stiffness of the interbody implant can be defined by the porous structure. The porous structure can be compressed within a patient by movement of the spine to biologically stimulate bone growth in vertebrae adjacent the interbody implant. The implant can be configured for lateral, anterior and posterior insertion at different spine levels.

Abstract: Devices and methods for bone fixation including a bone fixation system including a bone plate or intervertebral spacer including a plurality of apertures dimensioned to receive bone fasteners and at least one polymeric element capable of transitioning from a solid state to a flowable state. The polymeric element transitions to a flowable state as a result of exposure to ultrasonic vibration. The polymeric element is placed on the bone plate or intervertebral spacer adjacent a fastener in an aperture and acts to prevent rotational and/or translational movement of the fastener relative to the bone plate or intervertebral spacer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for near-simultaneous and integrated delivery of bone graft material during the placement of surgical cages or other medical implants in a patient's spine, and methods for using same. The integrated fusion cage and graft delivery device according to various embodiments delivers and disperses biologic material through a fusion cage to a disc space and, without withdrawal from the surgical site, may selectively detach the fusion cage for deposit to the same disc space. The integrated fusion cage and graft delivery device is formed such that a hollow tube and plunger selectively and controllably place bone graft material and a fusion cage in or adjacent to the bone graft receiving area. In one embodiment, the integrated fusion cage is an expandable integrated fusion cage. In another embodiment, the bone graft material is loaded into a breech area in the hollow tube.

Abstract: A bone graft loading system includes a loading funnel, syringe, cannula, plunger, and loading tool. The loading funnel includes an interior passageway to receive the cannula and a syringe docking portion. The syringe may be coupled to the syringe docking portion so that it extends along a longitudinal axis that is transverse to the longitudinal axes of the cannula and the loading funnel. A user may advance bone graft from the syringe to a holding area of the loading funnel. The user may then move the loading tool through the holding area and into the interior space of the cannula to load the cannula with bone graft. This process may be repeated until the cannula is fully loaded with bone graft. The cannula and the plunger inside the cannula may then be removed from the loading funnel and coupled to an injector assembly for use in surgery.

Abstract: An orthopedic instrument or inserter arranged and configured to insert, position (e.g., align), and remove, if necessary, an orthopedic implant (e.g., a femoral stem or implant). In one embodiment, the inserter and femoral stem are configured to enable the inserter to be quickly and easily coupled to the femoral stem via, for example, a quick-connect, non-threaded connection. Moreover, in one or more preferred embodiments, the inserter is configured to be angularly adjustable relative to the femoral stem. For example, the angular position of the inserter may be adjusted relative to the position of the femoral stem to accommodate different patient anatomy and/or various surgical approaches. In one embodiment, the inserter includes a ball-shaped head portion for coupling to a cavity formed in the femoral stem.

Abstract: A dampening device that can be coupled to a medical implant to eliminate harmful electrical oscillations. The device includes circuity that detects harmful electrical oscillations in the implant. The device also includes circuity that generates cancelling electrical signals that counter the detected electrical oscillations. Alternatively, in a medical implant having a taper junction such as a standard hip implant, resistance welding of the taper junction just prior to surgical implanting may be performed after the appropriately dimensioned components are selected to eliminate a metal on metal interface where corrosion is most likely to occur.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an orthopedic product for a body part of a patient is disclosed, the method comprising the following steps: a) providing body-part data containing information about an internal structure of the body part, b) detecting a current line of vision from which a user of the method sees the body part, c) displaying the body part data from the current line of vision by means of the display device so that the user sees the body part and the body part data superimposed, d) generating production data for the orthopedic device on the basis of the displayed data and e) providing an orthopedic product manufactured on the basis of the production data.

Abstract: A multi-segment reinforced actuator includes (a) a soft actuator body that defines a chamber and (b) a plurality of distinct reinforcement structures on or in respective segments of the soft actuator body. First and second reinforcement structures are respectively configured to produce a first and second actuation motions, respectively, in first and second segments of the soft actuator body when fluid flows into or out of the chamber. The actuation motions are selected bending, extending, expansion, contraction, twisting, and combinations thereof; and the first actuation motion differs from the second actuation motion. The actuator can be used, e.g., to facilitate bending of the thumb with corresponding bending, extending, expansion, contraction, and twisting actuation motions.

Abstract: A system for powering a prosthetic arm is disclosed. The system includes at least one internal battery located in the prosthetic arm, at least one external battery connected to the prosthetic arm, and a master controller configured to connect either the at least one internal battery or the at least one external battery to a power bus to power the prosthetic arm.

Abstract: Technology is described to provide a foot and ankle prosthesis for individuals with lower limb loss. This technology is able to store and release energy and individuals or patients who are using the foot/ankle prosthesis may be able to expend less energy when walking. The system includes a hydraulic damper attached to dynamic energy storing spring elements. The axis of rotation of the system can be near to that of an intact human ankle, providing biomimetic function. The system can utilize spring elements based on the vertical displacement of the center of pressure of an intact normal foot. A hydraulic system can provide user adjustable heel height and adaptation to inclines. The dorsiflexion and plantar flexion resistances can be independently adjusted manually or electrically. In addition, the system can be automatically locked in dorsiflexion when loaded and unlock when unloaded.

Abstract: A prosthetic socket, comprising a base for distal connection means for attaching a prosthesis component to the prosthetic socket and comprising at least one side wall, which extends from the base in the proximal direction and at least partially extends around a stump to be held in the prosthetic socket, and at least one support for fastening the side wall to the base being arranged on the base.

Abstract: An endovascularly deployed prosthetic includes a portion for being positioned within an ascending aorta. The prosthesis includes a replacement aortic valve on a proximal end thereof. The prosthesis includes an increased diameter portion that seals against the aorta at a more distal portion, and a pair of conduits extend from the increased diameter portion to the coronaries for fluidly coupling the coronaries to the prosthesis.

Abstract: A locking assembly for releasably coupling a first elongate member to a second elongate member is provided. The locking assembly can include a first lumen for anchoring the locking assembly to a catheter and a second lumen for releasably retaining a guidewire to the locking assembly. A release member can interface with the locking assembly and apply a force that decouples the guidewire from the locking assembly.

Abstract: A stent graft system includes a primary body having a proximal end, a distal end, a first tubular graft material and multiple stents attached to the first tubular graft material. A first branch has a second tubular graft material forming a first branch lumen. The first branch traverses a first fenestration configured in the primary body with a first wire loaded therethrough. A second branch has a third tubular graft material and a second branch lumen. The second branch traverses a second fenestration configured in the primary body with a second wire loaded therethrough. A third branch has a fourth tubular graft material and a third branch lumen. The third branch traverses a third fenestration configured in the primary body with a third wire loaded therethrough. A method for placing a stent graft system is also described.

Abstract: A guide tube (220) has a guidewire-engaging portion (222) at a distal portion (260) thereof, a first stent (54) surrounding the guide tube, advanceable together with the guide tube into a subject's lumen, a guidewire (12) arranged (i) entering the guide tube from a distal-end (320) opening thereof, (ii) disposed in the guidewire-engaging portion, and (iii) passing out of the guide tube proximally to the guidewire-engaging portion, and a second stent (54), proximal to the first stent, surrounding a proximal portion (240) of the guide tube and the guidewire. The first stent is slidably deployable off the distal end of the guide tube upon the guidewire having laterally exited the guidewire-engaging portion, and the second stent is slidably deployable off the distal end of the guide tube subsequently to deployment of the first stent, without the guidewire having been moved proximally. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A compression garment for correcting a lower body shape and a walking gait for an angular deformity of the legs, according to the present embodiment, comprises: a bottom garment main body; and a correction band disposed on the bottom garment main body, wherein the correction band includes a first correction band disposed in a first area of the bottom garment main body and a second correction band disposed in a second area of the bottom garment main body, the first correction band composed of a first part disposed above the first area, a second part disposed below the first area, and a third part connecting the first part of the first correction band and the second part of the first correction band, and the second correction band composed of a first part disposed above the second area, a second part disposed below the second area, and a third part connecting the first part of the second correction band and the second part of the second correction band.

Abstract: A therapeutic article of manufacture suitable for adhesive application to the skin of a user includes an elongate support layer formed of a single layer of woven fabric. The woven fabric has a ratio of elongation in percent to tensile strength (lb/in-width) that is less than 0.9 in only one of two test directions, where elongation, tensile strength, and test directions are determined under test conditions specified in ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D3759. The article of manufacture additionally includes an adhesive intermittent across the support layer and a removable cover layer releasably retained on the adhesive.

Abstract: A foot brace, suitable for being worn on the foot of a user. The foot brace includes a sole adapted to abut a plantar surface of the foot of the user, and a cuff flexibly and fixedly connected to a rear portion of the sole. The cuff is adapted to be disposed about an ankle of the foot of the user. A pair of straps reversibly connect a front portion of the sole to the cuff, and can be tensioned to secure the foot brace to the foot. A wire-bearing channel, terminating in a bore, can be embedded into the brace. Conductive wiring, electrically connected to a power source, is disposed within the wire-bearing channel. The wiring terminates in an electrode disposed within the bore, such that when the foot brace is in use, the electrode engages tissue of the user's foot and provides a DC voltage thereto.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a light source device comprising a light emitting element for emitting a blue light having a wavelength ranging from 435 to 500 nm, the light source device being configured to provide the blue light to at least one cell at a transmitted fluence ranging from 0.01 to 18. J/cm2 to promote or induce growth and proliferation of the cell and wherein the light emitting element has a power density ranging from 0.05 to 30 mW/cm2. The invention is also directed to a light source assembly comprising a product adapted to be in contact with the skin or a wound and a light source device connected to the product for providing blue light to at least one skin cell, preferably of the wound.

Abstract: The orthopedic device includes an articulating frame including a thigh portion including a curved thigh cuff, a calf portion including a curved calf cuff, and a center hinge connecting the thigh portion and the calf portion. A strap includes a calf end segment securely attachable to the calf portion. A suspension segment is adjacent to the calf end segment. A thigh end segment is securely attachable to the thigh portion. A spiraling segment is adjacent to the thigh end segment. An intermediate segment formed of webbing material is between the suspension segment and the spiraling segment. The clip engages the intermediate segment. The clip is engageable with a clip receptacle positioned on the calf portion. During use, the suspension segment lays across the top part of the calf minimizing migration. The intermediate segment facilitates movement of the strap through the clip adjusting the spiraling segment and the suspension segment.

Abstract: A wearable device an intelligent health promotion service system (IHPSS) is disclosed. One embodiment of the wearable device (10) is configured to interface plurality groups of skin-mounted sensor pads (130) over a body part (140) of a wearer, and comprises: a modular brace (110) structurally separated from the sensor pads, and a plurality of sensor modules (120). The modular bracing is provided with a plurality groups of orienting slots (111) arranged thereon configured to maintain intra-group orientation between the sensor pads, and is configured to allow inter-group distance adjustment between the groups of the sensor pads over the body part of the wearer. The plurality of sensor modules is configured to be detachably coupled to the groups of sensor pads through the orienting slots in the modular bracing member. The sensor modules are provided with physiological sensing circuits wirelessly communicative with the intelligent health system.

Abstract: A pivoting hinge assembly for an orthotic device for a knee joint afflicted with osteoarthritis, thus reducing pain and improving mobility, comprising: a proximal subunit, a distal subunit, an energy storage element capable of generating significant forces around the joint, and a tension adjustable geared hinge assembly. Four embodiments are disclosed of hinge assemblies useable with the knee brace, or other types of braces. The hinge assemblies comprise: two subunits housing intermeshed gears, and at least one elastic band extending between the hinge subunits over a cam surface above the gears. In three embodiments, U-shaped connectors secure the subunits and gears together, and the subunits may comprise a user mechanism that adjusts the elastic band's tension and thus the amount of weight unloaded, then releases it.

Abstract: A wearable physical rehabilitation device configured to separate the thighs of a subject to promote proper posture of the pelvis while walking is provided. The device comprises a supporting belt fitted around the subject's waist, a 3D wedge-like PU-foam structure arranged between the subject's thighs, a saddle-shaped structure for receiving the subject's buttocks, and a hollow control handle arranged anteriorly relative to the subject's body. The 3D wedge-like structure has a hole and is attached to the belt by a pair of ascending straps each passing through the hole. Each of a pair of lateral straps passes through the hole and attaches the 3D wedge-like structure to and around one of the thighs. The handle has one pair of descending straps extending therefrom and attaching to the saddle-shaped structure and another pair of ascending straps extending therefrom and attached to each other behind the subject's neck.

Abstract: A spinal orthosis has an elongate and substantially rigid spinal frame having upper, middle and lower portions, and a lumbar assembly connected to the lower portion of the spinal frame. A strap assembly secures to an upper portion of the spinal frame and is adjustably secured to the lumbar assembly. An elastic strap has a first end secured to the spinal frame and a second end adjustably securing to the lumbar assembly.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed invention comprise a urostomy bag and an absorbent insert system, as well as methods for use. The urostomy bag comprises a storage bag having a primary aperture for interacting with a stoma on a device wearer, and a secondary aperture having a closure to seal and unseal the secondary aperture. The absorbent insert comprises a water-permeable outer layer that contains an absorbent core. The core includes a gelatinizing agent configured to make urine gelatinous. The absorbent insert is insertable into, and removable from, the inside of the storage bag via the secondary aperture. Methods for use of the disclosed urostomy system comprise attaching the urostomy bag to a wearer, inserting an unused absorbent insert into the secondary aperture, wearing the system, and replacing the used absorbent insert when required.

Abstract: A stoma adapter is described that is especially suited to a recessed stoma or a flush stoma. The stoma adapter effectively extends the discharge passage from the stoma, protects peristomal skin, and forms a bridge at the interface between the stoma and an ostomy appliance. The stoma adapter contains a substantially unobstructed discharge passage, at least for effluent flowing in a discharge direction. The stoma adapter includes a seal for sealing against the bowel wall. The stoma adapter has collapsing, expanding, flexible and reinforced designs.

Abstract: Examples relate to fluid collection devices, systems, and methods of collecting fluid from wearers. The fluid collection devices include a retention means for maintaining the position of the fluid collection device with respect to the wearer.

Abstract: A urination assistance apparatus includes a base, a tube having an upper end and a lower end, a joint assembly, and a urine funnel. The tube is attached to the base at the lower end and attached to the joint assembly at the upper end. The joint assembly connects the urine funnel to the tube.

Abstract: An oral appliance includes an upper arch and a seal. The upper arch may be positioned proximate a maxillary dentition of a user. The upper arch includes a first tab and a second tab positioned on opposite sides of a plane substantially bisecting the upper arch. The seal defines a first receptacle and a second receptacle that may receive the first and second tabs to couple the seal to the upper arch and to inhibit breathing through a mouth of the user.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are mandibular advancement devices comprising an upper splint and a lower splint, where the upper splint comprises one or more upper fins, where each upper fin is located at a distance UD from back of the upper splint; the lower splints comprise one or more lower fins, where each lower fin is located at a distance LD from back of the lower splint; where the position of the upper and lower fins is unchangeable. Also disclosed are methods of reducing partial constriction of airway during sleep for a patient, the method comprising identifying a patient in need thereof; and administering to the patient the disclosed mandibular advancement device. Also disclosed are methods of manufacturing a mandibular advancement device, the method comprising obtaining measurements from a patient's dentition; digitally designing a mandibular advancement device; and milling the mandibular advancement device.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a non-slip condom, including a sleeve body, where the sleeve body has an open end, a closed end, a male side, and a female side; no less than 5% of a bottom surface of the male side has a primary microstructure capable of increasing a surface area; and an area ratio of a total surface area per unit area of the bottom surface of the male side including the primary microstructure to the unit area is 1.05 to 565.00. The condom provided by the present disclosure can keep fit with a male penis during sexual intercourse to reduce the relative slip between the condom and the penis skin, and is not easy to wrinkle or slip off, thus reducing the mucosal injury and unreality sensation. Moreover, the condom helps to increase the consumers' willingness to use the condom and prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Abstract: Methods of administering a liquid formulation of an ophthalmic agent to a topical ocular location of an eye are provided. Aspects of the methods include delivering to the topical ocular location a dose of the liquid formulation that can be wholly accommodated by the tear film of the eye. Devices and kits for practicing the methods are also provided. The methods, compositions and kits find use in a variety of applications, including therapeutic, diagnostic and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems for displaying an overlay superimposed with an intraoperative image of surgical field in a medical ophthalmic procedure, such that the overlay appears at a desired depth within the image are provided. Methods and system for displaying an overlay superimposed with a stereoscopic intraoperative image pair of a surgical field in a medical ophthalmic procedure are provided.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a base unit, a probe, a stiffener, and an actuation mechanism. The stiffener is formed of a hollow tubular member substantially surrounding at least a portion of a length of the probe. The actuation mechanism is configured to actuate the stiffener along the length of the probe and adjust the stiffness of the probe, thus providing a user better control of the surgical instrument. The actuation mechanism includes a stiffener biasing device configured to apply a first biasing force against the stiffener in the distal direction and, in some embodiments, a control member configured to lock the stiffener in a position along the length of the probe.

Abstract: Devices and methods for treating intraocular pressure are disclosed. The devices include shunts for draining aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the uveoscleral outflow pathway, including the supraciliary space and the suprachoroidal space. The shunts are preferably implanted by ab interno procedures.

Abstract: A welding lens includes a variable light transmission shutter that automatically darkens in response to light emitted from a source. An intensity of the emitted light is sensed by a photo-sensor located on a front face of the welding lens. Internal circuits located within a housing of the welding lens receive data from the photo-sensor and correspondingly darkens or lightens the variable light transmission shutter based on the intensity of the light. The housing is 50.80 mm in width and 107.95 mm in length to fit in corresponding welding helmets and the housing is made from stainless steel to reflect infrared radiation that would otherwise overheat the internal circuits within the welding lens.