Abstract: The present invention improves upon contemporary shorts with integrated liners by providing a short with liner, the liner being affixed to the waistband of the short along a majority of the circumference of the short. A detached, dropped section along the front of the liner, has stretchable waistband that allows a user to enlarge the opening of the detached area.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hybrid wearable garment designed to integrate the comfort and flexibility of leggings with the refined elegance of hosiery. The garment comprises a top portion made from breathable and flexible materials, covering the waist and upper leg or mid-thigh area of the wearer. The top portion is seamlessly fused with a bottom portion resembling hosiery, extending to cover the foot of the wearer. A transitive seam joins the top portion and bottom portion, offering customizable fit options. Further, the garment includes a sock portion for additional comfort and moisture-wicking properties. This innovative design caters to diverse fashion preferences, providing a versatile solution suitable for both casual and formal occasions.

Abstract: A personal protection system including a surgical garment that may be mounted to a helmet including an electrically powered assembly, such as a fan. The garment includes a shell adapted for being disposed over the helmet, a transparent face shield, and a fastening feature for coupling the garment to the helmet. The garment may also include a memory, the memory for storing data for regulating the operation of the electrically powered assembly mounted to the helmet based on a characteristic of the garment. The helmet includes a memory interface configured to read data from or write data to the memory mounted to the garment, and a controller connected to the memory interface and configured to control the electrically powered assembly of the helmet.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a support garment including a front portion having a right front portion and a left front portion. The right front portion and the left front portion being separated and forming a front opening of the body to allow the wearer to put the garment on or to remove it. The right front portion including a right chest panel and a right abdomen panel. The left front portion including a left chest panel and a left abdomen panel. The support garment further including an adjustable chest fastener and an adjustable abdomen fastener. According to an aspect, there is provided a support garment or a temperature control athletic including at least one pocket bag formed at least in the support garment, the at least one pocket bag having an access opening and configured to store at least one thermal regulating element.

Abstract: A swimsuit includes a swimsuit body and a binding assembly. The swimsuit body includes multiple panels that are sewn together along multiple seams. The panels are made from a first fabric material and together define a body opening. The binding assembly includes a binding material and an elastic member. The binding material may also be made from the first fabric material and is sewn to the swimsuit body along a perimeter of the body opening. The elastic member is secured with the binding material along a length of the binding assembly. The swimsuit body may be formed of one or more outer panels and one or inner panels formed of the same material as the outer panel(s). The first fabric material may include material derived from plastic fibers (e.g., from recycled plastic bottles).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments for a sports helmet having a honeycomb assembly, including a sports helmet, wherein the honeycomb assembly is located within an interior of the sports helmet, wherein the honeycomb assembly is capable of at least a 90% honeycomb recovery percentage after the sports helmet has been impacted by a baseball, and wherein the honeycomb assembly includes a first block, a first line, a first connector, a second line, a bar located adjacent to the second line, a third line, a second connector, a fourth line, a second block, and a plurality of beams, wherein each of the plurality of beams is operatively connected to ends of the first line, second line, third line, and bar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are flexible energy absorbing systems and methods of manufacturing flexible energy absorbing systems. The systems include one or more cells of a strain rate sensitive material and having a re-entrant geometry. Some of the systems have an anisotropic geometry to provide a different response to impacts from different directions.

Abstract: A face mask including goggles, a frame portion disposed below the goggles, the frame portion comprising a plurality of first air openings, and a front plate disposed over the frame portion, the front plate comprising a plurality of second air openings. The plurality of first air openings are not aligned with the plurality of second air openings so that air follows an indirect path between the plurality of first air openings and the plurality of second air openings.

Abstract: A garment, preferably for infants, toddlers, young children and people with disabilities, compromises functionality to detach the garment's legs from the upper portion, wherein a caregiver may easily and efficiently change the wearer's diaper without going through effort to take their legs out from the garment's legs, while also continuing to keep the wearer comfortable by having their legs covered and warm during the diaper change. The garment comprises 2 sections; an upper portion with the bottom having the front panel and rear panel separated from each other, and a pair of legs. The legs can be connected with the bottom of the upper portion via zippers or other garment closures including, but not limited to, buttons, snap fasteners, and hook and eye fasteners.

Abstract: A glove including a wrist region, a palm region, and a plurality of digit regions. A gripping zone is provided on one or both of the palm region and wrist region. The gripping zone includes concave indentations formed in the glove material which project into the glove's interior cavity. The glove's circumference extending through the gripping zone is reduced. When performing a task while wearing the glove, frictional contact between the gripping zone and the person's skin tends to resist movement of the palm or wrist region relative to the person's hand. This helps to keep the digit regions of the glove in sufficient contact with the user's fingers and thumb to maintain tactile sensitivity and dexterity, even when the glove is worn for an extended period of time.

Abstract: A shirt for athletic use including a body for covering the torso of a wearer, an inner sleeve attached to the shirt body within the body cavity, the inner sleeve defining a throughbore for passage of the torso of a wearer therethrough, the inner sleeve being a continuous band, the inner sleeve being formed from a non-chafing material for a snug fit around the chest of a wearer, whereby relative motion between the inner sleeve and the chest of the wearer is reduced, and the skin of a wearer is not abraded by contact with the non-chafing sleeve; and a plurality of pliant attachment elements extending between the inner sleeve and the body of the shirt, whereby the inner sleeve is maintained in position, while being allowed movement with the wearer substantially independently of shirt movement, thereby preventing chafing of the wearer by the body of the shirt.

Abstract: Provided is a wig manufacturing method. The wig manufacturing method includes dividing a planting net, into which a wig fiber is planted, into a plurality of areas to be designed in a certain pattern, by using a computer device, inputting a planting process using a plurality of needles of a wig manufacturing apparatus according to a pattern shape of each divided net, manufacturing, by the wig manufacturing apparatus, a divided fabric by planting the wig fiber into each divided net according to the input planting process, and cutting and sewing each manufactured divided fabric.

Abstract: An eyelash extension includes an elongated base and a plurality of artificial lashes each attached to the elongated base. The plurality of artificial lashes is arranged in two or more clusters and each cluster includes two or more artificial lashes. The clusters are cinched together at a cinch point, which is spaced from the elongated base.

Abstract: Provided are a one-time molded false eyelash and preparation and wearing methods thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: selecting a sheet-shaped film material as a base material, and cutting the base material into filaments according to preset parameters by a laser cutting device to form a single-sheet eyelash or an integrally molded semi-finished eyelash; S2: when the single-sheet eyelash is formed by cutting, combining and fixing two single-sheet eyelashes to obtain semi-finished products with different styles; and S3: placing the semi-finished product in a pressure plastic shaping device, and applying a pressure to semi-finished eyelash filaments by the pressure plastic shaping device, so that the semi-finished eyelash filaments are bent and shaped to obtain the false eyelash.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a cover for a cap or hat, such as a baseball cap having a six-panel crown. The cover for such a cap would include six corresponding panels and a top opening to receive the top button of the cap crown. An embodiment of the cover could include a single congruous panel to cover cap crowns as well as an alternative design. For a cap with a closure, a pair of loops located along an opening of the cap closure corresponding with an opening near the closure of the cap are designed to allow the straps to thread through the loops, securing the cap cover around the entirety of the crown.

Abstract: A hearing enhancing garment for enhancing a user's ability to hear includes a hat that can be worn on a user's head. A pair of ear cups is attached to and extends downwardly from the hat. Each of the pair of ear cups is positioned on opposing sides of the hat with respect to each other to extend behind a respective one of the user's ears when the user wears the hat. Each of the ear cups is curved forwardly thereby enhancing the user's ability to hear sounds emanating from in front of the user when the user is wearing the hat. A pair of wires is each integrated into a respective one of the pair of ear cups to facilitate each of the pair of ear cups to be shaped to conform to the user's ears.

Abstract: In a protective helmet, in particular a sports helmet, with a shock-absorbing helmet shell and a visor, on each of two opposite sides of the protective helmet, a coupling section of the helmet shell and a coupling section of the visor are formed, one of which is configured as a coupling receptacle and the other as a coupling extension and in such a way that, the coupling extension may engage in the coupling receptacle in order to connect the visor to the helmet shell. The coupling extension is displaceable in the coupling receptacle along a displacement path between an initial position and an advance position and is pivotable about a pivot axis between the advance position and an open position.

Abstract: A hard hat and related impact protection layer is shown. The hard hat includes one or more feature to improve support of the impact protection layer. The impact protection layer is designed to improve impact energy absorption provided by a crushable material located within the hard hat shell.

Abstract: Protective helmet to be worn and to protect the head of a user against impacts and including a rigid outer shell delimiting an inner space for housing the head of user and including a front opening. The protective helmet includes a shield removably coupled to the outer shell and adapted to move at least between an operative position wherein the shield covers the front opening without allowing entrance of air in the inner space and an inoperative position wherein the inner space is accessible from the outside through the front opening, the shield being provided with a front hole. The protective helmet includes a locking device to lock the shield in the operative position. The locking device is positioned on the outer shell and includes a rotatable engaging member to engage the front hole of the shield when in the operative position.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a visor assembly. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a visor assembly comprising: an injection moulded visor (2); and a lens (3) coupled to the visor; wherein the visor comprises at least two protrusions (5) extending from a surface of the visor, said protrusions being integrally formed with the visor; at least one add-on component (4) attached, preferably releasably attached, to one of the at least two protrusions; said add-on component providing an outer abutment surface (41) arranged to engage with a lateral side of the lens; and the lens is coupled to the visor by engagement with the abutment surface of the at least one add-on component, preferably wherein the lens is compressed between the at least two protrusions or is held is tension by the two protrusions.

Abstract: A helmet includes a helmet anchor mounted to the helmet, and the helmet anchor includes a cavity. The helmet also includes a first magnetic element, where at least a portion of the first magnetic element is mounted within the cavity. The helmet also includes a visor. An interior surface of the visor includes a receptacle that extends therefrom. A second magnetic element is mounted within the receptacle, and the receptacle on the visor mates with the cavity of the helmet anchor to secure the visor to the helmet. The first magnetic element and the second magnetic element are attracted to one another such that the visor is detachable in response to an impact that exceeds an attractive force between the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element.

Abstract: A hat has a with a front part, a rear part, opposite side parts, and a lower peripheral edge extending along an arc length between an opening in the rear part. A pair of mating elements are structured to releasably couple at one or more length adjusting position and form a strap that bridges the opening in the rear part when the mating elements are coupled. Each mating element of the pair has a free end when uncoupled and an opposite end. Each opposite end is attached to the crown at a respective side part and spaced apart by an angle of 225° to 255°. Each mating element has an inelastic portion at the free end connected to an elastic portion at the opposite end. The elastic portion has a first segment and a second segment with elastic characteristics different from elastic characteristics of the first segment.

Abstract: Aspects herein are directed to, among other things, a knitted upper for an article of footwear. The knitted upper includes different knit zones including a first knit zone which may be located in a toe and forefoot region of the article of footwear. The first knit zone includes a first knit layer forming an outer-facing surface of the knitted upper, a second knit layer forming an inner-facing surface of the knitted upper, and a third thermoformed layer substantially contained between the first knit layer and the second knit layer. The third thermoformed layer acts as a barrier, reducing the likelihood of abrasion forces that may occur from contact between the knitted upper and a ground or other surface from contacting yarns that form the second knit layer, thereby increasing the structural integrity of the knitted upper.

Abstract: A golf shoe comprising an upper, a midsole, and an outsole comprising a first set of spiral pathways with a first plurality of spiral segments radiating from a first point of origin and a second set of spiral pathways with a second plurality of spiral segments radiating from a second point of origin. The first set of spiral pathways and the second set of spiral pathways are inversely related and superimposed to form a plurality of tiles across the outsole, the plurality of tiles having a plurality of sides or edges formed by a plurality of sub-segments associated with the first plurality of spiral segments and the second plurality of spiral segments. The outsole may comprise a plurality of traction members with sidewalls extending from the sides or edges of the tiles to form a ground contacting or ground penetrating portion of the traction members.

Abstract: Ski boot comprising: substantially rigid foot-casing, which is adapted to accommodate the foot of the user; a substantially rigid cuff, which is adapted to surround the lower part of the leg of the user, and is hinged on the foot-casing so as to be able to swing about a transversal rotation axis, which is substantially perpendicular to the boot midplane; an oblong-shaped tongue, which is arranged longitudinally to close the upper part of the foot-casing; and a foot-casing closing assembly, which is adapted to close/tighten the upper part of the foot-casing on the foot of the user and comprises: a first fairlead member, which is located on the hinge that connects the cuff to the foot-casing; a plurality of second fairlead members, which are arranged along a first major longitudinal edge of the tongue, in part integral with the foot-casing and in part integral with the tongue; and a cable winding winch, which is located on the cuff or on the tongue and is provided with a flexible cable, which comes out from the

Abstract: Provided herein are embodiments of a shoe component. The shoe component may include a toebox, an insole, an adhesive membrane, a thermal-resistant insert, a midsole, and an outsole. The insert may further include a footbed. The footbed may include an upper surface and a bottom surface. The insert may further include an upper laminate on the upper surface of the footbed and a lower laminate on the bottom surface of the footbed.

Abstract: A golf shoe with an upper and a sole assembly connected to the upper. The sole assembly comprises an outsole comprising an outsole zone with a wave-like configuration. The outsole zone includes a plurality of directional traction elements with sidewalls extending from a lower surface of the outsole. The directional traction elements may be arranged along different sections of the outsole zone according to an angular orientation of the sidewalls of the directional traction elements. The directional traction elements may include (i) a first set of directional traction elements arranged along a first section of the outsole zone and (ii) a second set of directional traction elements arranged along a second section of the outsole zone. The first and/or second set(s) of directional traction elements may include a plurality of directionally aligned traction elements with sidewalls that are oriented in a same direction.

Abstract: Sports shoe configured to cooperate alternately with a first binding type and a second binding type, these bindings each enabling the rotation of the shoe about a transverse axis, the shoe comprising a sole provided with: a first element for connecting with the first binding type, the first connecting element comprising a guide member, in the form of a metal bar, the guide member including a free length capable of interacting with the first binding type; and a second element for connecting with the second binding type, the second connecting element including interfaces, in an area of the front lateral and medial edges, respectively, of the sole assembly. The sports shoe further including either the first and second connecting elements forming a unitary part, or the first and second connecting elements being two separate components assembled directly to one another along a common contact surface.

Abstract: A sole structure for an article of footwear defines a footbed and includes a chassis having a lower cushioning element including an upper side and a bottom side disposed on an opposite side from the upper side, the lower cushioning element including one or more apertures extending from the upper side to the bottom side. A bladder is disposed adjacent to the upper side of the lower cushioning element and an outsole is disposed adjacent to the bottom side of the lower cushioning element and includes one or more protrusions each extending through a respective one of the one or more apertures and engaging the bladder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an insole containing one or more cavities, wherein said one or more cavities contain a component capable of a physiochemical reaction, as well as articles of footwear containing the insole and methods of making the insole. The invention also relates to methods of heat transfer between an article of footwear and a foot of a wearer of the article of footwear, the method including priming the insole, wherein the priming initiates the physiochemical reaction.

Abstract: A fastening device includes a case unit and a spool. The case unit includes a wall forming a receiving space and including an inner protrusion, an upper opening communicated with the receiving space, a lower opening opposite to the upper opening and communicated with the receiving space, and a base detachably connected to the wall. The spool is within the receiving space and includes an upper ring portion and a lower ring portion. The inner protrusion is adjacent to the lower opening. As the spool is inserted upward into the receiving space, the upper ring portion is located above the inner protrusion, the lower ring portion is restricted by the inner protrusion, and the spool is prohibited from leaving from the upper opening.

Abstract: An article having a substantially flat front-facing surface portion and an opposite-facing flat back-facing surface portion, where the front-facing surface portion and the back-facing surface portion are substantially parallel one with respect to the other, and where the front-facing surface portion and the back-facing surface portion extend to and are bounded by a first, a second and a third edge, where each of the first, second and third edges are arcuate and are joined end-to-end at a first apex, a second apex, and a third apex

Abstract: A push button connector includes a first panel, a first trigger, a second trigger, and a slider. The first panel has a first pivot and a second pivot parallel to it. The first trigger includes a first connecting portion and a first buckle ring connected to each other. The first connecting portion is connected to the first pivot and can rotate around it. The first buckle ring is generally ring-shaped with a first opening. The second trigger includes a second connecting portion and a second buckle ring connected to each other. The second connecting portion is connected to the second pivot and can rotate around it. The slider is connected to the first panel. Both triggers have open and closed positions, with the buckle ring closing the opening in the closed position. The slider drives both triggers between these positions. This push button connector ensures easy operation and high safety.

Abstract: Wristband displays suitable for use as a novelty adapted to removably and interchangeably support and display plush objects, such as children's toys. Such a wristband display includes a band having a fastener configured to removably couple first and second ends of the band together to secure the band to a user's wrist. A base is located between the first and second ends of the band, a permanent magnet is disposed in a bore within the base, and a housing encloses the base and the permanent magnet disposed therein. A receiver includes a receiver base and a connector mounted to the receiver base. The receiver base is magnetically couplable to the permanent magnet through the housing so as to be removable from the housing, and a plush object is secured to the receiver base.

Abstract: A wearable flexible ring configured to hold an interchangeable stamp for ice cubes of different shapes for drinks. The ring allows users to stamp various patterns or designs on ice cubes, enhancing the aesthetics of beverages and creating an enjoyable experience for consumers. The flexible ring is comfortable to wear and includes a receptacle for securing a stamp that can be readily interchanged with a stamp having a different design.

Abstract: A frame for a shading product and a beach umbrella is provided. The frame for a shading product includes a central rod, a plurality of top frame units, a first slider arranged on the central rod and an extension rod. Each top frame unit includes a first top rod rotatably connected to the central rod and a second top rod. Each second top rod is rotatably connected to the first slider, and the first top rods, the second top rods, the central rod and the first slider form crank-slider mechanisms. The extension rod is pivotally connected to one top frame unit to allow the extension rod to flip upwards relative to the top frame unit when the frame for a shading product overturns on its side to the ground.

Abstract: A securement apparatus for a portable electronic device including a body having a panel and a plurality of elastomeric retainers secured to and extending from the panel. Each retainer forming a loop defining an opening, the openings adapted to receive therein a corner of a handheld electronic device. A tether is connected to and extending from the body. A strap is secured to the tether. An attachment device is operably connected to the strap to secure the apparatus to a member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved contact lens packages and methods of use and manufacture/assembly. A contact lens package includes a base and a lid connected to the base. The base includes a base cavity that houses a contact lens and packaging solution, and at least one projection (140) disposed at least partially within the base cavity. The at least one projection may extend along an internal surface of the base toward an end of the base cavity. The lid extends over and cover the base cavity when the package is in an unopened state. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the base cavity is formed by a bowl comprising a main portion (236) and a channel portion (238) extending away from the main portion.

Abstract: A kind of card storage box with slide bar structure involves the technical field of card storage equipment. The knockout plate is movably connected with the casing, the baseplate is connected with the casing by screw, and there is slide bar assembly on the lateral wall of the said casing, the slide bar assembly includes slide block, slide bar and spring, the slide bar penetrates the slide block, the spring is belled on one end on the slide bar for butting with the slide block, and the other end of it is butted with the casing, there is locating slot on the lateral side of the said knockout plate, so that it is interlocked with the slide block, there is push rod on the said baseplate, the engagement of slide block with slide bar and spring is adopted, so as to provide restoring force for the knockout plate.

Abstract: A case for day-to-day devices like phones and tablets, among others, with a flexible cover that fits over the device, a rigid shell that fits over the cover, and varying sensory toys that fit snuggly into the shell.

Abstract: The invention provides a beverage bottle and, more specifically, a beverage bottle that incorporates either a chamber for housing a locking mechanism for securing a gym locker or a lock attachment feature for connection thereof to a bottle. This invention allows a user to securely lock their gym lockers while conveniently carrying their hydration source in a single, easily transportable item.

Abstract: A hair curling appliance includes a handle, a sleeve that is transparent and/or translucent that is connected to the handle, a heated barrel in the sleeve, and one or more hair winding members that are rotatable to wind hair around the heated barrel.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a hair styling device, including a straight hair unit and an air duct unit. The straight hair unit is provided with two arms, straight hair plates are provided on an opposite surface of the two arms; the air duct unit includes an air supply duct provided in one arm, an air outlet of the air supply duct is provided on a corresponding arm and on one side of the straight hair plates. Due to the fact that the air outlet of the air supply duct avoids the straight hair plates, when arranged, a spacing is arranged between the straight hair plates and the air outlet, thereby effectively preventing an airflow blown out of the air supply duct from blowing onto the straight hair plates and ensuring a sufficient heat when the straight hair plates straighten hair.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a hair straightener air duct and a styling method thereof, the hair straightener air duct includes a hair straightening unit, two opposite straightening plates are provided on styling surfaces of two arms that are hinged with each other; an air duct unit including an air supply duct located on any one arm and an airflow channel provided on the styling surface and communication with the air supply duct, and the airflow channel is located between two straightening plates; a control unit provided on any one arm, the control unit controls the hair straightening unit and the air duct unit to work alone or together, and thereby entering a straightening hair mode, blowing mode, or straightening hair and blowing mode. The control unit can independently or jointly control operations of the hair straightener unit and the air duct unit.

Abstract: A haircare appliance is provided for detecting a hair moisture content. The haircare appliance includes a processing element, at least one light emitting element emitting at least two wavelengths, and a sensor element, wherein the light emitting element is adapted to irradiate a portion of hair to be treated. The sensor element is adapted to receive a sensor reading from an acquisition region of the irradiated hair and generate a sensor signal dependent on the sensor reading, and includes a spectral sensor element. The processing element is adapted to determine a moisture content of at least the irradiated portion of the hair from the sensor signal.

Abstract: A hair clip having a hidden hinge includes two clip members each having a handle, an array of teeth for retaining hair, an engagement shoulder disposed between the handle and the array of teeth, and a resilient member disposed along the inner edges of the engagement shoulders and between the arrays of teeth of each clip member interconnecting and biasing the clip members toward a closed configuration, the engagement shoulders disposed in abutting engagement thereby forming an engagement seam, and the engagement shoulders disposed between the handles and the resilient member of the two clip members such that the resilient member is hidden behind the engagement seam when viewing the hair clip from an outer vantage point.

Abstract: Provided is a hairdryer comprising a cylindrical main body housing having a gas discharge portion on the front side thereof, a heater module located inside the main body housing to provide heat, and a handle housing connected to the lower portion of the main body housing, wherein the heater module comprises: a cylinder-shaped first heater case; a second heater case spaced apart from the outer circumference of the first heater case; a main flow path formed between the first heater case and the second heater case; a heating wire located in the main flow path; a front substrate disposed inside the first heater case; and an auxiliary flow path extending through the inside of the first heater case.

Abstract: An attachment for a hair care appliance, the attachment including a main body, a first hair engaging member and a second hair engaging member, an airflow inlet for receiving airflow from a hair care appliance, a first airflow outlet between the first hair engaging member and the main body, a second airflow outlet between the first hair engaging member and the second hair engaging member, and a third airflow outlet between the second hair engaging member and the main body. The attachment has a first configuration in which airflow is directed out of the first, second and third airflow outlets in a first direction in use, and a second configuration in which airflow is directed out of the first, second and third airflow outlets in a second direction different to the first direction, in use.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to haircare appliances. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a haircare appliance arranged for detecting a hair moisture content. Accordingly, there is provided a haircare appliance, comprising a processing element, at least one light emitting element emitting at least two wavelengths, and a sensor element, wherein the light emitting element is adapted to irradiate a portion of hair to be treated, wherein the sensor element is adapted to receive a sensor reading from an acquisition region of the irradiated hair and generate a sensor signal dependent on the sensor reading, wherein the sensor element is a spectral sensor element, and wherein the processing element is adapted to determine a moisture content of at least the irradiated portion of the hair from the sensor signal.

Abstract: A drying apparatus (10) and a control method, wherein the drying apparatus (10) comprises: an airflow generating element (11), a heating element (12), a barometer (13) and a main control module (14). The airflow generating element (11) is configured to generate an airflow. The heating element (12) is configured to heat the airflow. The barometer (13) is configured to obtain an ambient pressure. The main control module (14), coupled to the heating element (12), and the barometer (13), is configured to adjust the power of the heating element (12) according to the ambient pressure.