Abstract: A method for cleaning surfaces, in particular teeth, interdental spaces, and gums, wherein a liquid volume is produced around a surface to be cleaned and a pulsed liquid flow is directed onto the surface to be cleaned with at least one assembly comprising at least one nozzle.

Abstract: An intra-oral appliance, an internal member and an external member is provided. The internal member can include a tongue crib, a poseable first arm connected at a first end to the back end of the tongue crib, and a poseable second arm connected at a first end to the back end of the tongue crib. The poseable first arm and the poseable second allow the tongue crib to be moved into a position and held in the position. The external member can include a first lip retractor, a second lip retractor, a first retractor flange, a second retractor flange and connectors attachable to the first arm and the second arm of the internal member.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for designing dental attachments. Methods may include generating a 3D model of a dental attachment formation apparatus based on a virtual dentition. Generating the 3D model may include: forming a body having a surface shaped to conform to contours of the virtual dentition, where the body is configured to include a light transmissive portion and an opaque portion; forming one or more wells in the body, wherein each well is shaped to receive a dental attachment; and forming a light path through the body to the one or more wells, where the opaque portion of the body is arranged with respect to the light transmissive portion of the body to keep light from illuminating portions of the body other than the one or more wells.

Abstract: A broad object of a particular embodiment of the invention can be to provide a method of determining the periodontal pocket depth around a tooth, including: locating the alveolar bone crest of the alveolar bone which supports the tooth to determine an alveolar bone crest location; locating the line where the free gingiva meets the exposed part of the tooth to determine a gumline location; and calculating the periodontal pocket depth using the alveolar bone crest location, the gumline location, and a predetermined biologic width value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fixed band belt set for treating and caring for a cat, with which a veterinarian can easily treat and care for a cat by preventing unexpected accidents occurring when the cat attacks the veterinarian with sharp claws or teeth or touches the equipment due to the cat's mental anxiety during the treatment or care of the cat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthopedic impactor and extractor device (1) for an orthopaedic prosthesis (100), comprising a main body (2), a coupling rod (3) comprising a coupling end (7), an activation system (4) in the main body (2). The activation system (4) is associated with the coupling rod (3). The coupling end (7) is movably guided from an active position, in which the coupling end (7) is coupled to the orthopaedic prosthesis (100), to an inactive position, in which the coupling end (7) releases the orthopaedic prosthesis (100); and wherein the coupling end (7) is movably guided in a roto-translation movement between the active position and the inactive position, and vice versa. The present invention also relates to a related orthopedic impactor and extractor kit.

Abstract: A lip implant for implantation into lips of a patient is provided. The lip implant includes an upper lip implant and a lower lip implant. The upper lip implant and the lower lip implant are formed of an acrylate hydrogel.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to medical compositions, methods and devices/systems for treating vascular diseases. More particularly, the invention relates to medical methods, devices and kits for distributing drug to surrounding vascular tissue to treat neointimal growth. More specifically, the described invention is intended to overcome shortcomings of existing treatments for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Devices and methods of the present invention are specifically intended to treat patients with PAD involving the infrapopliteal (tibial) arteries, e.g., patients having a clinical indication for treatment below the knees (e.g., claudication and/or critical limb ischemia (CLI), and patients with complex disease states, for reducing one or more of morbidity; treatment complications in treated patient populations, a reduction in target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates; and a reduction in patients populations requiring any type of leg amputation.

Abstract: A flow diverting apparatus includes a stent frame body, and a stent frame extension. The stent frame body includes an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and a cavity extending from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. The stent frame body is configured to pass a flow of fluid from the inlet opening to the outlet opening through the cavity. The stent frame body includes a first portion having the inlet opening, and a second portion having the outlet opening. The second portion is tapered from one end of the second portion to a first location of the second portion, thereby forming an indented portion having a plurality of pores. The stent frame extension is configured to be disposed between at least a portion of the indented portion and a vessel wall, thereby preventing a migration of vessel wall cells onto the indented portion.

Abstract: An orthopedic attachment system such as a suture anchor system. The suture anchor system may include a suture anchor having a body portion with an aperture disposed therethrough. The suture anchor system may include a composite medical suture at least partially disposed in the aperture of the suture anchor. The composite medical suture may include a first plurality of fibers comprising a bioresorbable hyaluronan-based polymer and a second plurality of fibers comprising a non-resorbable polymer. Methods of using the orthopedic attachment system and making the medical textile are also disclosed.

Abstract: Orthopedic implants having an implant body, a bone contact surface, and a tendon contact surface, wherein the tendon contact surface comprises an elevation ramp sloping downward from the proximal side to the distal side of the implant body and a realignment ramp sloping downward from the lateral side to the medial side of the implant body. Also disclosed are methods for repositioning a tendon that include inserting an orthopedic implant having a complex geometry tendon engagement surface between the tendon and a bone, engaging a bone engagement surface of the orthopedic implant with the bone, engaging a tendon surface with the tendon engagement surface; and causing a repositioning of the tendon via the complex geometry tendon engagement surface by at least one of (a) rotating the tendon along its axial plane, and (b) translating or shifting the tendon along its horizontal plane.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device which is a polymerization product of a monomeric mixture including (a) one or more heterocyclic monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated reactive end group, (b) one or more aromatic monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated reactive end group, and (c) one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the ophthalmic device has a refractive index of greater than or equal to about 1.50.

Abstract: A medicament reservoir for an intraocular lens has a medicament, a through-hole, a first medicament reservoir clearance which communicates with the through-hole, a first web which delimits the first medicament reservoir clearance, a first end face which delimits the through-hole, and a second end face which is disposed so as to face away from the first end face and to delimit the through-hole. The through-hole in a region of the first end face has a first longitudinal end and in a region of the second end face has a second longitudinal end. The medicament reservoir has a displacement direction oriented from the first longitudinal end to the second longitudinal end. The first medicament reservoir clearance is formed such that the through-hole is accessible from outside the medicament reservoir via the first medicament reservoir clearance in a medicament reservoir radial direction in terms of the displacement direction.

Abstract: Methods of vision correction that include implanting a first lens and a second lens of a lens pair. The methods include implanting the first lens into a first eye of the subject, the first lens configured with positive extended depth of field, and implanting the second lens into a second eye of the subject, the second lens configured with negative extended depth of field, where the second eye is different than the first eye.

Abstract: Prosthetic heart valves may be delivered to a targeted native heart valve site via one or more delivery catheters. In some embodiments, the prosthetic heart valve includes structural features that securely anchor the prosthetic heart valve to the anatomy at the site of the native heart valve. Such structural features can provide robust migration resistance. In addition, the prosthetic heart valves can include structural features that improve sealing between the prosthetic valve and native valve anatomy to mitigate paravalvular leakage. In particular implementations, the prosthetic heart valves occupy a small delivery profile, thereby facilitating a smaller delivery catheter system for advancement to the heart. Some delivery catheter systems can include a curved inner catheter to facilitate deployment of the prosthetic heart valve to a native tricuspid valve site via a superior vena cava or inferior vena cava.

Abstract: An implantable endoluminal prosthesis for replacing a damaged aortic valve is provided. In one embodiment, the prosthesis includes a balloon-expandable stent, a tubular conduit that extends into the ascending aorta, and a self-expanding stent. The tubular conduit extends across the balloon-expandable stent. The tubular conduit includes an artificial valve. The self-expanding stent extends across the tubular conduit into the ascending aorta. The balloon-expandable stent, the tubular conduit, and the self-expanding stent are coupled to provide unidirectional flow of fluid into the aorta and further into the coronary arteries. Also provided is a method for implanting the endoluminal prosthesis.

Abstract: A prosthetic heart valve may include a balloon-expandable frame extending between an inflow end and an outflow end, a plurality of prosthetic leaflets mounted within the frame, and an inner skirt positioned between the plurality of prosthetic leaflets and the frame. The frame may include a first row of diamond-shaped cells at the inflow end of the frame, a second row of diamond-shaped cells, and a row of outflow cells positioned at the outflow end of the frame. Each cell in the row of outflow cells may not be diamond-shaped, and, in an expanded condition of the frame, each cell in the row of outflow cells may have a larger area than that of each cell in the first and second rows of diamond-shaped cells. Each outflow cell may be at least partially defined by a commissure attachment feature, and each outflow cell may lack symmetry.

Abstract: Expandable frames for prosthetic heart valves and methods for implanting such prosthetic heart valves are disclosed. As one example, a prosthetic heart valve can include an annular frame comprising a plurality of interconnected struts arranged in a plurality of rows of struts, including a first row of first struts defining a first end of the frame, each first strut comprising an apex region disposed between two angled strut portions of the first strut. The frame is radially expandable from a radially compressed, delivery configuration to a radially expanded, deployed configuration, and each apex region is configured to bend radially outward from a first configuration to a second configuration where the apex region is bent radially outward at an angle relative to remaining struts in rows other than the first row of first struts, the apex region being in the second configuration when the frame is in the deployed configuration.

Abstract: A side-deliverable prosthetic heart valve includes an outer frame and a flow control component. The outer frame defines a central channel that extends along a central axis. The flow control component is disposed within the central channel and coupled to the outer frame. The flow control component has a set of leaflets mounted within an inner frame. The prosthetic valve is configured to be folded along a longitudinal axis and compressed along the central axis to place the prosthetic valve in a compressed configuration for delivery via a delivery catheter. The longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to a lengthwise axis of the delivery catheter when disposed therein. The prosthetic valve transitions to an expanded configuration when released from the delivery catheter. The flow control component elastically deforms from a substantially cylindrical configuration to a substantially flattened configuration when the prosthetic valve is placed in the compressed configuration.

Abstract: Outer skirts for prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. As one example, a prosthetic heart valve can include an annular frame comprising a plurality of interconnected struts, the plurality of interconnected struts comprising a plurality of axially extending window struts forming a plurality of commissure windows spaced apart around the frame, and an outer skirt disposed around an outer surface of the frame. The outer skirt includes a first edge portion arranged at a first end of the frame, a second edge portion arranged at an intermediate portion of the frame, and one or more extension portions extending axially from the second edge portion and over at least a portion of a respective commissure window of the plurality of commissure windows.

Abstract: A prosthetic valve has an annular frame that is radially expandable and a leaflet structure positioned within the frame. The frame has an inflow end, an outflow end, a first row of angled struts defining the outflow end, a second row of angled struts upstream of the first row of angled struts, a third row of angled struts upstream of the second row of angled struts, and a plurality of axial frame members comprising respective first ends and second ends. The first ends are connected to the second row of angled struts and the second ends are connected to the third row of angled struts. The plurality of axial frame members include a plurality of axially extending commissure supports and one or more axial posts located between any two immediately adjacent commissure supports. Each commissure support is configured to support a corresponding commissure of the leaflet structure.

Abstract: A prosthetic heart valve includes a valve frame defining an aperture that extends along a central axis and a flow control component mounted within the aperture. The valve frame includes a distal anchoring element and a proximal anchoring element. The valve frame has a compressed configuration to allow the valve to be delivered to a heart of a patient via a delivery catheter. The valve frame is configured to transition to an expanded configuration when released from the delivery catheter. The valve is configured to be seated in a native annulus when the valve frame is in the expanded configuration. The distal and proximal anchoring elements configured to be inserted through the native annulus prior to seating the valve. The proximal anchoring element is ready to be deployed subannularly or is optionally configured to be transitioned from a first configuration to a second configuration after the valve is seated.

Abstract: Heart valve implants and methods utilizing those valves designed to reduce or eliminate the regurgitant jet associated with an incompetent atrioventricular valve. The heart valve implants, which are deployed via a transcatheter venous approach, comprise a collapsible framework connected to an anchored guide shaft, a valve portion and an apron which permits ingrowth of native heart tissue into the apron.

Abstract: Extension members for an outer skirt of a prosthetic heart valve and methods for unfolding the extension members during radial expansion of the prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. As one example, a prosthetic heart valve comprises a frame that is radially expandable and compressible between a radially compressed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and an outer skirt disposed around an outer surface of the frame. The outer skirt comprises one or more extension members that are movable between a first state where the one or more extension members are folded against the frame and a second state where the one or more extension members extend radially outward and away from the frame, and where the one or more extension members are in the first state when the frame is in the radially compressed configuration and in the second state when the frame is in the radially expanded configuration.

Abstract: Embodiments are described herein that relate to prosthetic heart valves, and devices and methods for use in the delivery and deployment of such valves.

Abstract: A lock delivery system is disclosed. The lock mechanism is reversible between an unlocked configuration and a locked configuration. The lock mechanism may comprise a casing, and a first body and a second body arranged spaced-apart in the casing. The first body may comprise a first gripping portion extending to a first actuating arm, and a first spring arranged spaced-apart from the first actuating arm. The second body may comprise a second gripping portion extending to a second actuating arm, and a second spring arranged spaced-apart from the second actuating arm. The first and second bodies are each pivotable about a respective first pivot point and second pivot point so as to move the lock mechanism between an unlocked configuration and a locked configuration. A lock delivery catheter may be used as a means to move the lock mechanism between the unlocked configuration and the locked configuration.

Abstract: A kit having an annuloplasty implant and a delivery catheter is described, in which the delivery catheter comprises a distal portion configured to form a first curve around a heart valve at a first side of native heart valve leaflets and to form a second curve around the heart valve on a second side of the native heart valve leaflets opposite the first side. The first and second curves connected through a commissure of the heart valve. The annuloplasty implant comprises first and second supports formed from a stent and the first and second supports have retention units.

Abstract: A fixation system includes a delivery device, a fixation device, and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter. The delivery device includes a shaft that defines a lumen. The fixation device includes a first clamp, a second clamp, and a center portion. The center portion is releasably connected to a distal end of the shaft of the delivery device, and the first and second clamps define respective first and second lateral extents of the fixation device. The OCT catheter includes an imaging probe that comprises a first end, a second end, and a first lens assembly that is disposed at the second end of the imaging probe. In an assembled condition of the fixation system, the imaging probe extends through the lumen and out from the second end of the shaft such that the lens assembly is positioned between the first and second lateral extents of the fixation device.

Abstract: An automated penile prosthesis device is an inflatable prosthesis device that may be implanted through surgery. The device includes a penile prosthesis structure composed of an inflatable layer encapsulating a semi rigid structure. The device may include a pneumatic hose in fluid communication with the penile prosthesis and a fluid reservoir that includes an opening leading into an interior space of the fluid reservoir. Further, the device may include a pump configured for transferring the fluid from the fluid reservoir to the penile prosthesis structure through the pneumatic hose for transitioning the penile prosthesis from a flaccid state to an erected state. Furthermore, the pump may be configured for transferring the fluid for transitioning the penile prosthesis from the erected state to the flaccid state. Additionally, the device allows users to remotely control the pump through a remote controller. Thus, the device is a hybrid and automated penile prosthesis device.

Abstract: Methods and devices for plugging a hole bone are disclosed. The bone plug device may include a polymeric mesh structure and a first and a second solid polymeric structure mounted or formed onto a first and a second corresponding leaflet of the polymeric mesh structure. When inserted into a hole in cortical bone, the polymeric mesh structure moves from an open configuration to a closed configuration, reducing the diameter of the polymeric mesh structure and causing the first solid polymeric structure to contact the second solid polymeric structure, conforming bone plug device to the hole. The polymeric mesh structure is configured to mimic cancellous bone structure and porosity to encourage cancellous bone ingrowth.

Abstract: A method for producing an implant for covering bone defects, wherein the implant consists of a magnesium or magnesium alloy film, comprising the steps: Providing a magnesium or magnesium alloy film; and removing a layer of material on both sides of the magnesium or magnesium alloy film by grinding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for bioresorbable and biodegradable casings having both micropores and macropores for providing shape, structure and containment to different bone grafting materials. Kits and methods of use are also described.

Abstract: A sacroiliac fusion implant device being unitarily formed in a single piece construction using an additive manufacturing process. The implant extends along a longitudinal axis. The implant has a central core, a first latticed volume and a second latticed volume. The central core has a proximal end, a distal end and a tube body disposed between the proximal end and the distal end. The central core has a lumen extending along the longitudinal axis from a proximal end opening to a distal end opening configured to pass over a guide wire or pin. The distal end is tapered extending to the distal end opening. The proximal end has external threads configured for instrument engagement. The tube body has three transverse elongated longitudinal slots or openings that extend across the lumen.

Abstract: Provided herein is an arc-shaped meniscus prosthesis with a first end having a first fastening part for securing the first end to a bone surface and a second end having a second fastening part for securing the second end to a bone surface. A curved intermediate section connects the first end and the second end. The curved intermediate section is made of a single first biocompatible, non-resorbable material that has a tensile modulus of at most 160 MPa. The first material is isotropic with regard to the tensile modulus and the intermediate section is a monolithic piece of the first material.

Abstract: A method for removing a stem portion of an orthopedic implant from a bone comprises exposing an implanted orthopedic implant having a body portion, a stem portion interconnected to the body and a porous metal section forming an interconnection between the body and the stem portion. A cutting tool is mounted on a holder connected to an exposed surface of the orthopedic implant. The porous section is aligned with the cutting tool mounted on the holder. The entire porous section is cut by moving the cutting tool therethrough in a direction transverse to the stem portion axis. The implant body portion is then removed and then the stem portion is removed from the bone. The cutting tool may be a saw or chisel which may be mounted on a guide fixed to the body portion.

Abstract: Arthroplasty components include an articular surface and a bone-facing surface. The bone-facing surface includes a concave arrangement of planar surfaces which converge as they approach a middle portion of the articular surface. Instruments and implantation methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An internal fixation device for fusion and reconstruction of spinous processes and vertebral laminae, which includes a bone fusion structure and a rigid skeleton body, the rigid skeleton body includes a first rigid plate and a second rigid plate, the bone fusion structure is located between two rigid plates. The bone fusion structure is a microporous structure with a storage channel inside for storing bone growth promoting substances, front and back sides of the bone fusion structure have a medicine inlet and a medicine outlet, the medicine outlet is docked with anterior and posterior spinous processes, facilitating bone fusion of a cross-section position of the spinous processes. The two rigid plates are extended outward and downward to form the lamina fixation part, covering and reconstructing the vertebral laminae, and the two rigid plates are fixedly connected to the anterior and posterior spinous processes and the vertebral laminae by screws.

Abstract: An intervertebral fusion device is disclosed. The intervertebral fusion device comprises a superior component 40, an inferior component 60 and a core component 10. The superior component 40 has a superior component top side and a superior component bottom side and is configured to be received in an intervertebral space between first and second vertebrae whereby the superior component top side abuts against the first vertebra. The inferior component 60 has an inferior component top side and an inferior component bottom side and is configured to be received in the intervertebral space whereby the inferior component bottom side abuts against the second vertebra. The superior component bottom side and the inferior component top side oppose each other when the superior and inferior components 40, 60 are received in the intervertebral space.

Abstract: A method for performing spinal surgery may include forming an access corridor through an aspect of a facet joint of a patient between an inferior articular process of a vertebra and a superior articular process of a vertebra, wherein at least an aspect of the inferior articular process is preserved on a medial side of the access corridor and at least an aspect of the superior articular process is preserved on a lateral side of the access corridor.

Abstract: Disclosed are new and improved instruments, systems, and methods that relate to the field of orthopedic surgical instruments.

Abstract: A knee alignment measurement tool for use during a total knee replacement surgery may include the following main components: a sensor assembly, a display unit configured to power up, operatively control the individual sensors of the sensor assembly, and display the readings therefrom, and a flexible cable operatively connecting the sensor assembly to the display unit. The sensor assembly may include a rigid base supporting a circuit board, a left sensor and a right sensor positioned adjacent to the left center, and a cover sealed to the rigid base to enclose the left sensor and the right sensor, wherein the cover does not abut the rigid base during the compression of the sensor assembly.

Abstract: An implant trial includes a trial body and an indicium disposed in the trial body. The trial body is positionable in a subject. The indicium is designed and constructed to indicate a parameter of the implant trial. The indicium is radiographically visible when the trial body is positioned in the subject. The implant trial may be a trial spacer for vertebrae.

Abstract: A method for designing a uni-compartmental orthopaedic prosthesis includes generating a three-dimensional statistical model of a knee joint, determining a curvature of a section of a bone of the knee joint represented by the three-dimensional statistical model, and designing a section of the uni-compartmental orthopaedic prosthesis corresponding to the section of the bone of the knee joint to have a curvature that matches the curvature of the section of the bone of the knee joint. Additionally, a tibial and femoral uni-compartmental orthopaedic prosthesis are also disclosed, each of which includes a section having a curvature that matches a corresponding section of a corresponding bone of the knee joint represented by the three-dimensional statistical model.

Abstract: An artificial finger assembly includes a residual finger socket adapted to receive a residual finger of the wearer, and a hinge arranged rearwardly of the residual finger socket. The assembly further includes a pair of controlling arms pivotally coupled to the hinge and including a first controlling arm and a second controlling arm coupled to the residual finger socket. A middle finger portion extends forwardly of the socket and is configured to pivot relative to the residual finger socket. The first controlling arm is pivotally coupled to the middle finger portion. A fingertip portion is pivotally coupled to the middle finger portion. A lock assembly is configured to lock the pair of controlling arms together to prevent the pivoting of the controlling arms, the middle finger portion, and the fingertip portion.

Abstract: A change-speed gearbox for orthopedic devices has a planetary gearbox with at least one planet stage having a central sun gear, a plurality of planet gears rotatably mounted on a planet carrier which come into engagement with the sun gear, and has a ring gear which meshes with the planet gears. The sun gear can be coupled to a drive. The planet carrier is coupled to an output element. The ring gear is pivotably mounted in a ring gear carrier and is coupled to the ring gear carrier via a switchable freewheel.

Abstract: A stent (scaffold) or other luminal prosthesis comprising circumferential structural elements which provide high strength after deployment and allows for scaffold to uncage, and/or allow for scaffold or luminal expansion thereafter. The circumferential scaffold is typically formed from non-degradable material and will be modified to expand and/or uncage after deployment.

Abstract: Devices for and methods of measuring, enhancing, and facilitating optimal spinal alignment utilizing an Atlas bar with an Atlas pad inserted into an Atlas sheath, configured when worn by a user to rest on three distinct areas of the user's spine: (a) the Atlas pad at the center of the Atlas vertebra; (b) the Atlas sheath at the center of the thoracic region; and (c) a sacrum pad on the Atlas sheath at the center of the sacrum. Atlas pads may be removed and replaced as the user's spinal alignment improves. Devices may be held in place on the user's body with a torso harness, affixed in jackets or other wearable garments, or backpacks. In use, the Atlas bar and sheath are in simultaneous physical contact with three areas of the user's spine, providing tactile feedback to the user and creating proprioceptive awareness resulting in improving spinal alignment over time.

Abstract: An external nasal dilator includes a flexible substrate having a top edge, bottom edge, a left edge, and a right edge that collectively define an outer perimeter of the external nasal dilator. A left recess is along the left edge and a right recess is along the right edge. The left recess and right recess divide the flexible substrate into two laterally opposed upper lobes and two laterally opposed lower lobes. An upper section including the two laterally opposed upper lobes carries an upper resilient member upper resilient member that applies a first dilating force to the internal nasal valves. A lower section including the two laterally opposed lower lobes carries a lower resilient member that is distinct from the upper resilient member and applies a second dilating force to the external nasal valves. An intermediate section longitudinally separates the upper resilient member and the lower resilient member.

Abstract: A urine collection device includes a collection member extending from a proximal end to a distal end. The proximal end includes an opening that provides access to an internal cavity of the collection member. The internal cavity includes a first chamber in fluid communication with a second chamber. The urine collection device includes a spacer in the second chamber, a first attachment member extending from a bottom wall of the collection member at the proximal end., a second attachment member extending from a top wall of the collection member at the proximal end, and an outlet for egressing urine from the internal cavity of the collection member. The first attachment member defines an aperture. The collection member is suitable to (i) direct urine from the first chamber to the second chamber and (ii) direct the urine in the second chamber distally toward the outlet.

Abstract: A menstrual reservoir device with valvular outlet allowing for the collection and controlled draining of blood from the vaginal canal during the menstrual cycle. The device is intended be inserted into the vaginal canal where it will fix into place and collect menstruation. The reservoir comprises at least one outlet and the outlet will preferably extend towards or past the vaginal opening. The inventive device comprises a valvular portion to prevent fluid flowing from the reservoir when closed and allows fluid to flow when open. Embodiments comprise two general embodiments of reservoir cups and reservoir discs. In menstrual cup embodiments, the valvular portion serves to release suction force during device removal; when the valvular portion is open, air may enter the reservoir through the outlet, displace fluid and release the suction force of the reservoir allowing for easy removal.