Abstract: The inner assembly of a tube pressure filter comprises a supporting member or core (6) on which there is a facing assembled from laths (40). Each two adjacent laths (40) define between themselves a duct (42) and an aperture (44). In use, a filter element is provided on the outer surface of the facing. Filtrate passing through the filter element goes through the apertures (44) into the ducts (42) and then flow longitudinally of the inner assembly to a filtrate outlet. After filtration is complete, compressed air may be passed through the ducts (42) and apertures (44) to assist the discharge of filter cake from the filter element.In another embodiment (FIG. 6), a filter plate unit for a plate filter press comprises a recessed filter plate (102) of which the base of the recess is provided with a facing (112) made up, for example, of a plurality of laths (114).

Abstract: A press for extracting juice from comestible solids and semi-solids such as fruit and vegetables which includes a stationary perforated platen, a juice pervious conveyor belt for carrying comminuted comestible into pressing position over that platen, a feeder for forming a series of separated non-continuous beds of comminuted comestible upon the belt, a rotary drive moving the belt incrementally to position each bed of comestible in sequence over the stationary platen and a pressing platen which has a pressing cavity overlying the stationary platen defined by a depending sealing flange circumscribing the bed of comestible and a flexible membrane within the cavity that can be expanded into pressing engagement with the bed by pneumatic pressure in order to press juice from the comestible for drainage through the juice pervious belt and perforated stationary platen into a juice collection pan.

Abstract: A continuous device and process for extracting liquid from mash, sludge or pulp bearing slurries. The device comprises a pair of parallel opposed and counter rotating rolls each consisting of a base roll member having circumferentially disposed grid member consisting of a multiplicity of upright standing leaves which interbolt to form a grid which encases the entire surface of the roll member. Raw material for deliquification is spread over the grid and compressed by an inflatable, reciprocating platen to express liquid through the grid into underlying collection channels. The rolls are then rotated toward each other to express additional liquid and produce a substantially dry material. The liquid collected in the collection channels is withdrawn by applying a negative pressure through orifices located at the axial extent of the rolls.

Abstract: The press wall is provided for a filter element of a filter press comprising a plurality of filter elements clamped together edgewise forming filter chambers for the suspension to be filtered. A filter element carries on one or both sides a press wall is attached edgewise with it which is movable by a pressurizing medium into the filter chamber. Each press wall has a plurality of sectional projections overlayed with a filter cloth on their wall surfaces directed toward the filter chamber which form a drainage system under the filter cloth. The press wall has an edge adjacent an edge region facilitating its connection to the filter element and a wall strip extending along this edge region. The wall strip is bendable at least to the extent of the displacement of the press wall under pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of expressing fluent liquid (e.g. juice) from source material comprise subjecting inner and outer surfaces of pressure application means (1) to a pressure differential constituted by applying suction (7,8) to both the source material and the inner surface of the pressure application means while the outer surface of the pressure application means is acted upon by free pressure of the earth's atmosphere, such that the inner surface of the pressure application means transmits to the source material at least a portion of the pressure differential, and fluent liquid is expressed from the source material.

Abstract: The invention resides in a compression membrane for wringing liquid out of an object to be compressed, characterized in that its marginal portion whose width is of the order of 15%-35% of the width in the radial direction of the membrane body is made smaller in stretchability than the other portion, whereby no tear of the object to be compressed does not tear during the dehydration thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-removal press having, in a machine framework, a press base with discharge openings, a circular-cylindrical filling frame with end faces open on both sides, and a press piston. The filling frame and the press piston are displaceably guided perpendicularly on common guides and are vertically adjustable in each case by means of a lifting device. The press piston has a rigid piston body and a pot-shaped diaphragm enveloping the piston body from below. In the non-operating position, the outside diameter of the press piston is smaller than the clearance width of the filling frame. During the press operation, the press piston plunges into the filling frame. When a pressure fluid is applied to the inner side of the pot-shaped diaphragm, the latter sits against the periphery on the filling frame and expands at the end face down to the washing mass located below it to press out the latter.

Abstract: A membrane plate to be assembled with further plates to form a filter press in which a respective filter chamber is formed between the membrane plate and each further plate adjacent thereto, the membrane plate includes a plate member composed of a plate wall portion having a peripheral region provided with a groove, and a continuous plate frame portion surrounding the plate wall portion and secured to the plate wall portion at the peripheral region, a flexible press membrane disposed adjacent the plate wall portion to be acted upon by a pressure medium, the membrane having a continuous bead extending around its periphery and seated in the groove, a retaining frame member disposed adjacent the bead and the periphery of the membrane at the side of the membrane directed away from the wall portion, and elements connecting the frame member to the plate frame portion for permitting movement of the frame member transverse to the plate wall portion between a first position in which the frame member presses the bead i

Abstract: A filter wall constructed separtely from the frame member is clamped in a clamping slot, to which toward the outside edge of the filter plate a widened sealing slot in a shoulder of the support is connected. A projecting edge of the filter wall extends into the latter slot with the shoulder overlapping, the filter wall having an annular flange directed to the outside. The seal is arranged in the sealing slot and has a U-shaped cross section with two arms extending inwardly, whose arms enclose and seal both sides of the annular flange and which seals the support on one side and the frame member on the other side. The spacing between the seal and the joint is sufficient that upon release of the closing pressure of the filter press, without disengaging it, the frame can be moved sufficiently far from the support that the pressurizable chamber is unsealed at the seal in the sealing slot.

Abstract: A laundry press includes an approximately hemispherical, circumferentially perforated pressing basket and a cover which is placeable on the basket in a pressure-tight manner. A diaphragm is mounted on the cover. A pressure medium can be introduced in the space between cover and diaphragm. The water pressed out of the laundry is collected and discharged from a vessel. The cover and the pressing basket are displaceable independently from one another. The pressure medium is introduced initially by means of a quickly delivering pump and the actual pressure for pressing out the laundry is provided by a piston pump.

Abstract: A pressure filter apparatus with media mounting assemblies is provided. The pressure filter tank is generally cylindrical with a cylindrical inner wall having a filter screen therein. A filter media is mounted on the inner wall with seal assemblies above and below the filter screen. Each seal assembly includes a spacer rod and bar continuously welded to the inner wall of the filter and a resilient ring mounted thereon. Each upper and lower edge of the media is sewn to the resilient ring to form a seal therewith.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filter apparatus having a filter vessel into which liquid to be filtered is inlet near the bottom of the vessel. The liquid rises in the vessel and is forced through a filter screen running the height of the vessel. After flowing through the filter screen, the filtered liquid enters an annular enclosure outside the filter screen. The filtered liquid rises in the enclosure to the height of a discharge outlet near the top of the enclosure wall. This assures the even depositing of solids filtered from the liquid along the entire height of the filter screen.

Abstract: A filter bag containing a quantity of finely grounded coffee beans, the bag being attached by a string to a tag so that the bag can be dipped in a cup of boiling water so to make a coffee beverage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated plate material by compression forming, in which material for lamination is sandwiched between two pressure plates, and a layer of fluid pressure medium is sandwiched between said material for lamination and one of said pressure plates and is pressurized so as to pressurize said material for lamination. Thereby, the pressure is well distributed over the superficies of the material for lamination, thus ensuring a good and uniform product. A device is also disclosed for performing the method.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically mounting ready-made headliners into automotive bodies, comprising a jig selectively connectible to an assembly line conveyor to move synchronously therewith while performing the headliner mounting operation by moving a platform with a preferably adhesive coated headliner placed thereon through a window cut-out of a body, elevating the headliner into contact with the ceiling of the body while simultaneously moving a counter-pressure fixture against the roof of the body, and thereafter disconnecting from the conveyor to move in a direction opposite the movement of the conveyor, into a position for loading another headliner and reconnecting to the conveyor for another mounting cycle.

Abstract: A quantity of powder material (14) which is less dense than a predetermined density is disposed in a sealed container (12) which is encapsulated in a pressure transmitting medium (16). The pressure transmitting medium (16) is placed within a pot die (26) of a press where it is restrained as ram (24) enters the pot die (26) and applies a force to the pressure transmitting medium (16) and the container (12). The pressure transmitting medium (16) comprises liquid and is capable of transmitting pressure omnidirectionally about the container (12). The container (12) has a porous structure. The container (12) collapses and permanently deforms as the powder (14) compacts. The container does not completely expand to its initial shape after being removed from the pressure transmitting medium (16) and therefore saves the compacted powder (14') from resilient forces of the container (12) tending to rebound the container (12) to its initial shape.

Abstract: A flanged, dish shaped rectangular pressure responsive diaphragm is made from non-stretchable flat sheet stock in which the corners are formed with a tapering loop of excess material, and pleat folds take up the excess flange material to allow a tab portion to lie flat across the corner. Spacer strips and pieces are added to provide a uniform flange thickness.

Abstract: Fiber-reinforced resin deposits or other materials are consolidated in a noncontact-frictionless manner through the use of a pressurized plenum chamber (20) of a fluid bearing (10). The fluid bearing (10) is flexible and floats relative to the material (16) to be consolidated so that ply drop-offs and other variations in the thickness or surface contour of the material are easily accommodated. While within the plenum chamber, the material is locally heated by radiant energy from a source (30) positioned within the chamber. This localized heating enables the material to solidify in cooler zones of the plenum chamber under a uniform pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid filtering apparatus wherein solids suspended in the liquid are accummlated to form a cake on the filter media as the liquid passes through the media. Upon the buildup of such solids, pressurization upon the liquid forces remaining liquid through the media. Such pressurization is inactivated upon excessive cake buildup, and a conduit helically wound about the outside of the filter media is expanded by air pressure. The conduit is attached at various points about its length so that it forms chord lines between such connection points. Such expansion and chording of the conduit breaks the cake from the media.

Abstract: A running web which contains moisture is caused to travel through the nip of two squeezing rollers one of which is deformable in that it comprises a stationary carrier and a cylindrical shell which surrounds the carrier and also surrounds a first set of inflatable cushions adjacent the nip and a second set of inflatable cushions opposite the first set. Sensors monitor the moisture content of selected longitudinally extending portions of the web, and the signals which are generated by such sensors are processed by an evaluating circuit and are transmitted to valves which regulate the pressure of pneumatic fluid in the cushions. Each cushion of the second set registers with a cushion of the first set, and the registering cushions can receive fluid from associated sets of valves including a pressure regulating valve which can increase or reduce the pressure of fluid in the respective cushions and a second valve which can shift the admission of fluid from one into the other of the registering valves.

Abstract: In an extended nip proess including a stationary support member, a hydraulically actuatable press shoe supported on and extending along the support member and a rotatable counter-roll opposed to and extending along the direction of the press shoe, there is a flexible, tubular press jacket which rotates around the support member and which is sealed so as to be inflatable by air. Before rotation of the counter-roll starts, the press jacket is air inflated and expands to partially wrap around the counte-roll. After rotation of the counter-roll and the press jacket begins, and only after a set minimum velocity has been exceeded, then the press shoe is fluid pressurized against the press jacket. At the time, the air pressure in the press jacket is reduced. Various control devices control the feed of pressure liquid to the press shoe and the feed of air to the press jacket until and then after a minimum speed level is exceeded.

Abstract: A filter for squeezing or pressing out suspensions has the following main components: a boiler-shaped outer casing, a cover releasably closing the outer casing at its open end face, a tubular filter element projecting from the cover and an elastic membrane which is arranged between outer casing and filter element and is connected, on the one hand, to the open end face of the outer casing and, on the other, to the end face of the filter element remote from the cover such that the membrane is inverted when the cover is removed coaxially from the outer casing. In a filter of this type, the inner diameter of the slack membrane in the region of the filter element is equal to or smaller than the outer diameter of the filter element.

Abstract: A press for applying an overlay to the front and sides of an elongate workpiece. Elongate edge margins of a forming sheet are manipulated through actuation of arrays of sheet-manipulating and positioning piston-cylinders to cause the forming sheet to wrap around the workpiece and during such wrapping to press an overlay against the workpiece. Tray assemblies support a workpiece while the overlay is applied, and these are mounted from movement from within to outside the press, to facilitate reloading of the press.

Abstract: A press for applying an overlay to the exterior surfaces of an element where such surfaces have a convexity extending transversely of the longitudinal axis of the element. A tensed forming sheet is included in the press which is caused to wrap around the element to which the overlay is applied.

Abstract: A filter for squeezing or pressing out suspensions has the following main components: a boiler-shaped outer casing, a cover closing the outer casing at its open end, a tubular filter element projecting from the cover and a membrane which is arranged between outer casing and filter element and connected on the one hand to the open end of the outer casing and, on the other, to the end face of the filter element remote from the cover such that the membrane is inverted when the cover is removed coaxially from the outer casing. In a filter of this type, the membrane and the filter element are pivotable or rotatable as a unit about their common axis when the outer casing is in its closed state.

Abstract: In a method of, and an apparatus for accelerating air or gas exchange during cyclical operation of a pressure chamber with the aid of a pumping device connected to the pressure chamber, and with the aid of a compressor for at least partially compressing the air or gas, the steps include filling the pressure chamber with compressed air or gas through the compressor, thereafter discharging the air or gas from the pressure chamber, and operating the pumping device during at least one of the filling or discharging steps.

Abstract: The press container of a wash press sits on a porous press plate. Because of the high press pressure of the press piston head the fabrics of the wash are partially forced into the holes of the press plate. In order to remove the pressed wash safely from the press plate, the pressed wash is raised somewhat from the press plate when the press container and press piston are simultaneously raised, first into a middle position in which the press piston head remains, while the press container is raised further. The wash loosened in this way can be safely slid laterally from the press plate.

Abstract: During the drainage of washed laundry articles in a drainage press, there is, in addition to the discharge of water in the lower region via a lower counterpressure plate (12), the discharge of water through a plunger plate (15) of a pressure plunger (14) via a perforated stamp plate using air pressure for more effective drainage with careful treatment of the laundry articles.

Abstract: Apparatus for the separation of the liquid phase of a solid-liquid suspension, in which the suspension previously thickened is disposed between two endless filtration bands and is subjected to pressure by a presser module to which is imparted a reciprocating motion, includes at least two tight enclosures, juxtaposed and disposed parallel with respect to each other. Each enclosure is provided with an inflatable membrane providing filtration pressure.

Abstract: A one-piece filter plate comprises a pair of webs surrounded by a flange, the webs and flange being integral with each other and of one-piece plastic construction. A pressure medium can be introduced between the webs to force them apart to dewater a filter cake that has built up between the outer surfaces of the webs and the corresponding outer surfaces of the next-adjacent filter plates. The filter plate can be made by vulcanizing together two halves along a medial plane of symmetry.

Abstract: An inflatable chamber (2) is placed inside an outer support body (1), and the outer wall (3) of the inflatable chamber is pressed against the inside wall of the support body by plates (9) and draw bars (10), in such a manner that the inside wall (4) has substantially the same diameter (DGO) when the chamber (2) is under atmospheric pressure and when the chamber is under its maximum pressure for compressing the body against which the inside wall (4) is pressed.

Abstract: A method of containing radioactive or other dangerous material separately or intermixed with a bonding compound of a material, resistant to leaching by water, in a gas-tight container and of converting the material by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) into a dense body. The material is filled into a cylindrical container having a corrugated bellows-like wall. The dangerous material is prevented from filling up the annular spaces formed by the corrugations, by means of a barrier means placed inside the container. A metallic netting combined with a paper-like sheet of ceramic material makes a suitable barrier means.

Abstract: An integrated circuit package is fabricated by assembling a stack which is comprised of a plurality of thin flat epoxy-glass layers, adhesive layers between the epoxy-glass layers, and a staircase-shaped cavity. This cavity extends from an outer epoxy-glass layer to an internal epoxy-glass layer, goes parallel along a portion of the flat surface of the internal epoxy-glass layer, and then penetrates through it. Conductors lie on the internal epoxy-glass layer including bonding pads on the flat surface portion. After the stack is assembled, the outer epoxy-glass layer and the cavity are covered with an elastic bladder. Subsequently, the stack is laminated by forcing a fluid into the bladder at a temperature and pressure which causes the bladder's membrane to stretch and push against all the surfaces of the cavity. This dams the adhesive from flowing onto the bonding pads.

Abstract: Apparatus for dewatering wet laundry comprising a base with drain openings for discharging water pressed out of the laundry, a loose cylinder disposed on the base, a bell disposable on the cylinder with a flexible membrane therein defining with the bell a chamber for a pressure medium and a plurality of rods supported on a lifting apparatus and extensible through openings through the peripheral margin of the bell, through annular flanges on the cylinder and through aligned openings in the base. The rods are provided with locking elements and are pivotable to latch the base, cylinder and bell securely together as well as serving to selectively lift the cylinder and bell or just the bell to facilitate loading and unloading of the apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are method and apparatus for vulcanizing rubber. One example of an environment wherein the teachings of the present invention is quite useful is the environment of the creation of endless rubber belts by vulcanizing the ends of the belt together so as to make the belt endless. The apparatus disclosed herein basically consists of a pair of opposed thin sacks made of a flexible material which may, at the desired thickness thereof, comprise for example stainless steel. The ends of the belt are placed between these sacks and the sacks are supplied with steam at controlled temperature and pressure so as to provide the proper pressure as well as temperature for the vulcanizing process simultaneously.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus and method wherein the solids in a liquid suspension are introduced into a pressure vessel and filtered through a filter section and pneumatic pressure is introduced after further flow of the liquid suspension is cut-off to cause continued flow through the solids accumulated in the filter section to expose gradually increasing areas of accumulated solids to the pneumatic pressures on the filter section and to compress the solids into a cake.

Abstract: A filter plate and diaphragm assembly (10) is disclosed for use in a filter press comprising a horizontal stack of such assemblies interleaved with recess plates (12). Each assembly (10) comprises a plate (11) and a diaphragm (19). Plate (11) has a thicker peripheral portion (13) and staybosses (20). Adjacent portion (13) and staybosses (20) the diaphragm does not overlie the plate (11) but has lips (23, 24) accommodated in recesses (25, 26) in the plate (10). This ensures that the clamping loads applied to the stack are not borne by the diaphragms. The diaphragm 19 can have a drainage channel (28) formed in a rib (29) to receive liquid passing along drainage grooves (27) or the like after passing through a filter cloth (17). Air can be introduced via bores (22) to urge the diaphragm (19) away from the plate (11) to compress a filter cake being formed in the space between the assembly 10 and an adjacent recess plate (12).

Abstract: A compression extractor is disclosed. The compression extractor comprises a tank having a flexible membrane mounted therein. The membrane serves to divide the tank into a mash chamber and a pressure chamber. The mash chamber is adapted to receive a fruit mash or other liquid containing material from which liquid is to be extracted. When a pressure medium is introduced into the pressure chamber, the membrane presses on the mash in the mash chamber to extract the liquid therefrom. A liquid collection system is provided to collect the extracted liquid. To improve collection of the extracted liquid, the side of membrane facing the mash chamber is covered at least in part, with drainage canals or the like to direct liquid located near the membrane to the liquid collection system.

Abstract: The press for pressing batches of articles dry, especially batches of laundry, has a pressure vessel (10) at the pressing station, the orifice of which can be closed by a counterplate (18), and a receiving vessel (4) for receiving the batch of articles at the filling station and for transporting it on a plate (2) into the pressing station under the pressure vessel. The object of the invention is to improve a press of this type, in such a way that the batch of articles is introduced into the pressure vessel in a reliable and faultless way. For this purpose, the pressure vessel is mounted at the pressing station so as to be stationary and at a distance above the plate, the receiving vessel has a height corresponding to the distance between the pressure vessel and the plate, the counterplate can be moved into the pressure vessel by means of the receiving vessel, and, when the counterplate is raised, the receiving vessel can be drawn back into the filling station from the pressing station.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for use in pressing liquids from cloth goods, which apparatus includes a support having a porous surface upon which a batch of goods may be received, a concave pressure vessel having a flexible membrane across its open end to form a pressure chamber therein, and means supporting the vessel with the membrane facing the surface and for movement toward and away from the surface, so that, when the vessel and membrane have been moved to and locked in a position over the batch, water under pressure may be supplied from pump means and through conduit means connecting with the vessel to press liquid from a batch of goods on the surface, and, following pressing of the first mentioned batch into a cake and as the vessel and membrane are raised to permit removal of the cake from the surface, suction may be applied to the pressure vessel to remove water therefrom and withdraw the membrane to a position in which it is adapted to fit over another batch of goods on the surface.

Abstract: Filter cake formed from a slurry is dried in a filter press comprising a plurality of filtration units each having a chamber bounded by a pair of opposed flexible walls with at least one of said walls being constituted by a filter medium. The flexible walls are sandwiched between flexible membranes. The filter cake is formed and compressed in the chambers by hydraulic fluid pressure acting on the flexible membranes. By means of pressure oscillations set up in the hydraulic fluid, the filter cake in the chambers is deformed by bowing from side to side of an initial central plane, whereby drying is improved.

Abstract: In a device for applying surface pressure to advancing workpieces like boards of wooden material etc. with at least one continuous compression belt against the inside of which a compression plate acts, several pressure chambers are distributed along the width and/or the length of the effective pressure surface of the belt. Each pressure chamber consists on the one hand of a sealing strip and on the other hand of the facing surfaces of the compression plate and of the compression belt. The sealing strips are resiliently secured against and can be released from the compression plate by a strip-like diaphragm that demarcates a pressure space.

Abstract: A pressure filter in which the filter element is constituted by a tubular fabric which can be turned inside-out like a stocking. A tubular membrane closed at opposite ends, and inflatable and resiliently deformable radially, is supported coaxially within the filter element. By means of this membrane it is possible to squeeze fully the layer of solid material held on the filter after filtration of a turbid liquid or the like.

Abstract: A flat press for squeezing fluid out of a moist element which is attached to a support has a base provided with a plurality of throughholes for allowing discharge of the fluid and a cover movable towards the base so as to be pressed thereagainst. For squeezing or pressing out, the elements are introduced between the base and the cover together with the support. In order to provide a higher degree of dryness during the pressing, the base and if necessary the cover are provided with a lining of elastic material, for example of foam rubber.

Abstract: A press for extracting fluid from fluid-containing matter so as to separate the fluid from the remaining matter, particularly for dejuicing of agricultural products, primarily fruit, includes a rotatably supported container, and at least one flexible membrane which can be actuated by exerting pressure thereon. The membrane is disposed in the container, and subdivides the container so as to define a pressure chamber and a press space therein. At least one wall surrounds the press space, and the pressure chamber has an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit for a pressure medium. Flexible drainage devices are located at least partly on the wall, and extend into the press space.

Abstract: The outer tubular assembly (4) of the tube pressure filter comprises a cylindrical member (36) and, at each end, an end assembly comprising two annular members (38 and 40) which are releasably secured to the cylindrical member (36) by a split retaining ring (42). The two annular members define a cavity (62) for receiving the lip of a diaphragm (18, FIG. 1). The axially inner annular member (38) defines, with the cylindrical member (36) an annular chamber (56) for receiving fluid under pressure and an annular slot (58) for allowing the fluid to flow between the chamber (56) and the interior of the pressure filter. The split retaining ring (42) engages a groove (52) in the cylindrical member (36), so securing the end assembly to the cylindrical member (36) without the need for welding.

Abstract: A press for the expression of liquid from liquid-containing substances, comprising a stationary container 2 which has a filling opening 3 and an emptying opening and a rotating screw conveyor 4 made up of a screw shaft 6 with screw-vanes 5, located in the interior of the container. The screw conveyor is covered over by a flexible membrane 13 secured in pressure tight fashion to selected portion of the screw conveyor to rotate therewith. Pressure means flows in the space 15 between the conveyor screw shaft 6, the membrane 13, and the screw vanes 5 so that pressure is exerted on the liquid containing substances located in pressing space 16.

Abstract: Apparatus for heat transfer labelling of articles using a resilient pad maintained at elevated temperatures. Decorative laminates affixed to a support member such as a web are fed to a heated platen. A resilient pad consisting of a silicone elastomer is pressed against the laminate at the heated platen, whereby the laminate adheres to the pad when it retracts from the platen. The heated pad is then pressed against an article to be labelled, to which the transfer substrate adheres in preference to the pad surface. The resilient pad is typically heated to a temperature above ambient temperature but lower than that of the heated platen. The pad is heated by repetitive contact with the platen, and additionally by an independent heater. The pad may include one or more interior heating elements, or an exterior radiant heater located adjacent the pad during periods between label transfers. This apparatus is well suited to the labelling of articles of a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and materials.

Abstract: Apparatus for expelling air from pockets between superimposed sheets of successive stacks has a brush or roller which can be lowered onto the topmost sheet of a stack while the leader of the stack is pulled along a stationary support by a tongs. The brush or roller urges successive increments of the lowermost sheet of the moving stack against a stationary or rotary anvil whereby the pockets of air are eliminated in automatic response to forward movement of the stack with the tongs. Expulsion of air from the stacks enhances their shape-retaining ability during transport toward the next processing station or stations as well as at such stations. The brush or roller is mounted on pivotable arms which can be rocked back and forth by one or more levers which are pivotable by a cam and follower assembly receiving motion from the main prime mover of the machine or production line wherein the stacks are formed and/or processed.

Abstract: The inner assembly (2) of a tube pressure filter comprises a core (6) provided with a facing (36) made up of a plurality of laths. At the end of the core (6) there is an annular member (42, 44) which is retained in position between the facing (36) and a split retaining ring (60, 62). The retaining ring (60, 62) fits in a groove (58) in the core and is locked in position by locking elements (64) which fit into aligned recesses in the retaining ring (60, 62) and the annular member (42, 44) and are secured by screws (68).