Abstract: A device drives a preheating roll assembly comprising several rolls, during a heating or preheating stage. A motor assembly includes at least one individual drive and preferably two individual drives, which are used to drive at least the exit roll and preferably the entry roll and the exit roll. The motor assembly also includes one or more asynchronous motors, each asynchronous motor controlling the surface speed and the torque of one of the intermediate rolls. A common frequency converter operates one or more asynchronous motors, in particular all asynchronous motors.

Abstract: A calender includes at least two roll stacks which each have at least three rolls, and in each of which the web path of a fibrous web meanders between each roll pair of the stack. In order to produce a selectable fibrous web grade, the web is passed between each roll pair of each stack, so that at least one roll pair in at least one stack is in nip contact to form a nip that calenders the web. The web runs between each roll pair of each roll stack and, in order to produce a selectable fibrous web grade, a selectable number of rolls is in nip contact with each other in each stack to form at least one nip that calenders the fibrous web.

Abstract: A paper web moistened in a paper machine and reeled on a machine reel is calendered in a multinip calender arranged apart from the paper machine, whose roll assembly is formed of a first set of rolls and a second set of rolls in the travel direction of the paper web. At least one surface of the paper web is moistened with at least one pre-moisturizer, whereafter the paper web is guided to the first calender nip of the first set of rolls and one surface of the paper web is moistened with at least one intermediate moisturizer, whereafter the paper web is guided to the first calender nip of the second set of rolls, wherein a paper web having a roughness of 1.0-1.1 ?m and/or gloss of 54-57% or 56-60% is produced as a result of calendering.

Abstract: Calender and process for operating calender depending upon a desired surface quality, in which calender includes a plurality of nips located between end nips formed by replaceable rolls and end rolls. Process includes selectively guiding a web though several nips of calender and at least one end nip of calender, and when the web is selectively guided through the at least one end nip, selectively replacing the replaceable roll with one of a hard and a soft roll to form the at least one end nip with a hard roll and a soft roll or with two soft rolls. The replaceable roll being connectable to a temperature control device operated with a tempering capacity that depends on the type of the replaced roll. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A vertical calender arrangement comprises a controllable-deflection top roll, a controllable-deflection bottom roll and intermediate rolls arranged between top and bottom rolls. The top roll and the bottom roll are each provided with a power drive.

Abstract: A calender and an arrangement for mounting calender rolls, the calender comprising at least two calender nips (1, 2) formed by at least two stacked rolls (11–14). The rolls are have bearing housings (3–6) by means of which the rolls (11–14) are stacked into roll pairs forming the calender nips (1, 2), and means (31, 32) connecting the bearing housings (3, 4 and 4, 5) of the rolls pairs with each other. At least two successive calender nips (1, 2) are arranged so that in the successive nips the mutual distance between the longitudinal axes of the lower rolls (12, 14) is smaller than the corresponding mutual distance between the respective upper rolls (11, 13) of the nips, whereby the disposition of the rolls (11–14) forms a V-shaped angle as seen from the end of the calender machinery and thus forms an operating area between the nips for changing the rolls. The rolls are combined into nips advantageously using heatable pull rods inserted through the bearing housings.

Abstract: A soft calender has a body structure (10) and at least two roller sets (11; 12). There is at least one calendering nip (N1, N2, N3, N4) formed in between two rollers (13, 14; 14, 15; 16, 17; 17, 18). Of the rollers forming the nip, at least one is a roller with a soft surface (13, 15; 16, 18) and the other is a heating roller (14, 17). The calender body structure (10) is formed with a stepped shape in such a way that the roller sets (11, 12) can be located in an upper and a lower place of location (21) on the same side of the body.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for controlling evaporation and moisture in a multinip calender (10) when a continuous fibrous web (W) is calendered in calendering nips (1,_2,—3,—4,—5) placed one after the other before the fibrous web is wound on a reel-up/winder (9). With a view to making the net evaporation from and the final moisture content of the web (W) constant when the running situations in the calender (10) change, the web is passed in the calender from the outlet of at least one nip into an air-float chamber (20) of the turning airborne type.

Abstract: A supercalender for calendering a paper web and a calendering arrangement for producing matte-quality paper web has a multiple-nip calender in which at least one of the calendering nips of the multiple-nip calender is an extended nip (N9) formed between a polymer roll (18) and either a shoe roll (30) or a calendering belt.

Abstract: A multi-roll calender for controlling the moisture gradient of a fibrous web and for enabling the manufacture of high quality paper grades, such as WFC, LWC-roto and SC-A by on- and off-line calendering. An on- or off-line multi-roll calender formed of separate sets of rolls is used for calendering, and the fibrous web (W) is subjected to intermediate moistening between the sets of rolls (A, B).

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the manufacture of SC-A paper having a high gloss and high smoothness, wherein the paper arriving from the paper machine is supplied on-line to a supercalender (multinip soft calendar), and wherein the paper travels through a plurality of nips for achieving the desired gloss and smoothness properties. The paper web arriving from the paper machine and supplied on-line to a supercalender (multinip soft calendar) is moistened with steam immediately prior to the first nip of the supercalender and is guided through the first nip before the increased moisture of the surface resulting from the application of steam has dropped below a predetermined value in the range of 12% to 25%.

Abstract: A method for a multi-roll calender and a multi-roll calender for controlling the moisture gradient of a fibrous web and for enabling the manufacture of high quality paper grades, such as WFC, LWC-roto and SC-A by on- and off-line calendering. An on- or off-line multi-roll calender formed of separate sets of rolls is used for calendering, and the fibrous web (W) is subjected to intermediate moistening between the sets of rolls (A, B).

Abstract: In a method at the end of the drying section of a paper machine, drying cylinders (1, 2) are arranged in two substantially horizontal cylinder rows, wherein the first drying cylinders (1) are placed substantially higher than the second drying cylinders (2). In the method, the web (W) to be dried is conveyed alternately between the cylinder rows of the drying cylinders (1, 2). Further in the method, the transfer of the web (W) between the drying cylinders (1, 2) is supported by a wire run arrangement, and the web is guided after the last drying cylinder (1, 2) of the drying section (A) by a transfer arrangement in between the rolls of a pair of rolls in the calender section (B) of the paper machine.

Abstract: A calendering method and calender in which a web material is passed through a calender, the calender nip being defined between a heatable hard roll and an endless, flexible and substantially non-compressible calendering belt. The heatable roll is heated in order to plasticize the surface layer of the web and the web is brought into contact with the heatable roll before the calendering of the web. After the preliminary contact of the web with the heatable roll a press treatment proper is applied to the web to be calendered in two stages. First a deformation is produced in the web in a press stage, after that the deformation that was produced is allowed to be reversed partially in a reversing stage and then a new deformation is produced in the web by pressing the web again in a finishing stage.

Abstract: A calender for treatment of a web of a nonwoven textile V made of thermoplastic fibers. The calendar includes a heated embossing roller made of steel and a counter-roller that runs at the same circumference velocity. The local plastification in the nonwoven textile V that is produced at the locations of the raised embossing areas results in a board-like feel of the nonwoven textile V. To reduce this hardness, the web of the nonwoven textile V is broken, after having cooled at least partially.

Abstract: Calender for a fibrous material web and method of operating a calender for a fibrous material web. The calender includes a first roll stack and a second roll stack each arranged in a common plane on a stanchion, each roll stack having a top deflection adjustment roll having a sleeve, a bottom deflection adjustment roll having a sleeve, and three intermediate rolls disposed between the top deflection adjustment roll and the bottom deflection adjustment roll, the uppermost the intermediate roll being fixedly mounted to the stanchion. The calender further has a deflection adjustment device having a sleeve lift supporting each sleeve, at least one deflection adjustment device facing the first roll stack in a first operative position and facing the second roll stack in a second operative position. A nonrotatable bracket supporting each deflection adjustment device and fixedly mounted to the stanchion is also provided.

Abstract: Calender for a material web, and a method for calendaring the material web. The calender includes a frame upon which at least one roll stack is mounted. The roll stack includes a plurality of rolls, in which the end rolls are designed as sag compensation rolls. An intermediate roll adjacent to one sag compensation roll is fixedly mounted to the frame. An adjusting device adjusts the sag compensation roll to control a compressive stress in a first nip, in such a manner that the compressive stress in the first nip is adjusted independently of a compressive stress in a following nip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing calendered paper by an on-line manufacturing system comprising at least a paper machine and a multi-nip calender. The method comprises following steps: removing water from a formed paper web by pressing, drying the pressed paper web by at least one dryer, calendering the dried web by the multi-nip calender, measuring a cross-machine moisture profile or a variable relative thereto, and altering the moisture of the web so that the moisture profile of the web in the cross-direction is even when the web enters the first nip of the calender.

Abstract: Calender for the treatment of a paper web including a roll stack of at least three rolls and with least one double-soft nip. The double-soft nip(s) are formed by two rolls, each with an elastic surface layer. At least one of the rolls forming the double-soft nip is heated. In a process using the calendar to treat a material web, the web is introduced into a roll stack having at least two rolls formed with an elastic surface layer over a rigid core, agglomerated in an elastic double-soft nip between the two rolls, heated to introduce energy into the material web and promote agglomerating, and smoothed in the elastic double-soft nip.

Abstract: Roll for a paper calender. The roll includes a core having opposed end faces and a barrel intermediate the opposed end faces, the barrel having a barrel region. Also included is an elastic cover extending over a working width of the core and a plurality of roller pins, each roller pin engaging a respective end face and having a pin region. Also provided is a temperature control device adapted to supply heat to and/or dissipate heat from the pin regions to a first temperature, and further adapted supply heat to and/or dissipate heat from the barrel region to a second temperature, wherein the first and the second temperatures are different. The present invention also provides a calender that employs such a roll having an elastic cover. Additionally provided is a process for operating such a roll having an elastic cover.

Abstract: A calender hood for a paper machine having a dryer section and a calender section the hood extending along a portion of the paper path from the dryer section through the calender section to restrict movement of the ambient air into the region between the surface of the paper sheet and the calender hood and thereby reduce heat losses to the ambient air by the paper sheet.

Abstract: This invention relates to calendering systems. Such structures of this type, generally, employ the use of hard and soft nips to provide excellent smoothness without gloss mottle.

Abstract: A paper calender has a stack of rolls arranged one above the other. They form an upper stack and a lower stack with a common center roll. Additional center rolls are carried on levers that are capable of pivoting about axes fixed with respect to the frame, and are capable of being placed under load by devices applying force. These devices should be designed to be powerful enough to be capable of compensating for more than the total weight of the associated roll and the parts connected to it. As a result of the various possible settings for the line load, the finishing of the paper can be improved. A method is provided for operating a paper calender having an upper stack of rolls and a lower stack of rolls positioned below the upper stack. Each stack is individually capable of being placed under load by upper and lower force generators.

Abstract: A four nip calender apparatus mounted on a single frame. The apparatus includes a first vertical calender mounted on the frame wherein the web passes through a first nip formed by a first calender roll and a second calender roll. The apparatus also includes a horizontal calender configuration providing two nips. The horizontal, three-roll arrangement is mounted on the frame and has a center roll and a pair of rolls positioned on opposite sides of the center roll which, with the center roll, provide the second and third nips. The apparatus also includes a fourth nip provided by a second vertical calender mounted on the frame.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the manufacture of SC-A paper having a high gloss and high smoothness, wherein the paper arriving from the paper machine is supplied on-line to a supercalender (multinip soft calender), and wherein the paper travels through a plurality of nips for achieving the desired gloss and smoothness properties. The paper web arriving from the paper machine and supplied on-line to a supercalender (multinip soft calender) is moistened with steam immediately prior to the first nip of the supercalender and is guided through the first nip before the increased moisture of the surface resulting from the application of steam has dropped below a predetermined value in the range of 12% to 25%.

Abstract: Calender that may include two separately operable roll stacks. Each roll stack may include a top roll composed of a deflection compensation roll and a bottom roll composed of a deflection compensation roll. The two roll stacks may be arranged one atop the other.

Abstract: A process and device for satining paper may include guiding a sheet through a roll gap defined by a heated hard roll and a soft roll having with a covering. A paper sheet width of the paper may be less than a width of a cylindrical part of each of the covering and the hard roll. The two rolls may be axially adjusted in relation to each other and in accordance with the paper sheet width. Further, the two rolls are positioned such that a first sheet edge is located adjacent a first end of the cylindrical part of the covering and a second sheet edge is located adjacent a second end of the cylindrical part of the hard roll. That is, the cylindrical parts of the covering and hard roll are positioned to be directly over each other, i.e., beyond the sheet edge, at most by a predetermined permissible edge width.

Abstract: A calender for treating both sides of a paper web includes hard rollers and soft rollers. Working nips are formed between the juncture of each hard roller and soft roller. The roller stack can be loaded from one end, and preferably includes six to eight rollers. A changeover nip is formed by the juncture of two soft rollers or at the transition between two stacks. When using two stacks, each stack preferably has three to five rollers. At least one working nip has a dwell time of at least 0.1 ms. A heatable roller adjacent to the working nip is heated to a surface temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The roller stack is loaded such that an average compressive stress in the working nip is greater than or equal to 42 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A calender has at least four rollers that are located one above the other. The rollers rotate about roller bearings. The calender is located within a paper-making machine. Each of the rollers is rotatably driven by an independent driving mechanism. At least two of the rollers are heatable. At least 40% of the rollers are soft rollers. The outer coverings of the soft rollers are made of a synthetic material that is not sensitive to marking so that a doctor blade can be applied to the soft rollers. The calender includes a device that inserts a paper guide strip into the calender.

Abstract: A calender includes at least one roller stack. The upper roller and lower roller of the roller stacks are deflection compensation rollers. The upper roller and/or the lower roller have an outer covering made of a flexible plastic and is designed to bend easily. The roller adjacent to the upper and lower roller is a hard roller.

Abstract: A calender for treating a web of paper includes a stack of hard rollers and soft rollers. The stack includes a first set of processing nips and a second set of processing nips. Each processing nip is formed by a juncture of one of the hard rollers and one of the soft rollers. One side of the web of paper contacts against the hard rollers in the first set of processing nips and contacts against the soft rollers in the second set of processing nips. At least a last soft roller in the stack, which delimits a last processing nip that the web of paper passes through in the calender, has a lower surface roughness R.sub.a than a surface roughness R.sub.a of at least a first soft roller in the stack. The first soft roller delimits a first processing nip that the web of paper passes through in the calender. The surface roughness R. of the last soft roller is less than 0.35 .mu.m.

Abstract: A cross directional caliper control system for a calender. A coarse caliper control mechanism adjusts the pressure over a first range of values. A fine caliper control mechanism adjusts the pressure over a second range of values, where the second range of values is smaller than the first range of values. Sensors sense the dimension of the paper web passing through the calender. A control mechanism coupled to the coarse calender control mechanism, the fine calender mechanism and the sensors controls the caliper across the width of the paper by varying the nip pressure with both the coarse caliper control mechanism and the fine caliper control mechanism to shift the variability of the caliper so that it corresponds to nip pressure adjustments within the second range of values. Bumpless adjustments of the coarse control mechanism are made by making counteracting adjustments to the fine control mechanism.

Abstract: A calender for the treatment of a paper web has at least one roller stack made of "hard" and "soft" rollers. The soft rollers have a covering made of a plastic whose recovery, after deformation, is such that the depth of the remaining deformation, after a faulty formation of up to 1 mm thick passes through the working nip is a maximum of 5 percent of the thickness of the faulty formation. In this way, paper characteristics that have previously been obtained using conventional 12-roller calender can be obtained with a lower number of rollers.

Abstract: A calender for treating a paper web includes a roller stack being loaded with a load on one end. The calender has at least two hard rollers each having a substantially smooth outer surface. The at least two hard rollers each have a device for heating a surface of the roller to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The calender also includes at least two soft rollers, wherein each of the at least two soft rollers is disposed adjacent to at least one of the at least two hard rollers to form a working nip therebetween. At least one working nip has a dwell time of the paper web passing through the working nip of at least 0.1 ms. The load on the rollers produces an average compressive stress in the at least one working nip of at least 42 N/mm.sup.2. An arithmetic mean of the numerical value of the surface temperature T, the dwell time t and the compressive stress p in all of the working nips satisfies the following relationship:a target value Zg=1.378-0.00356.multidot.T-(0.00825-5.12.multidot.10.sup.-5 T)p-?0.

Abstract: A calender for the two-sided treatment of a paper web has two similar stacks each of which has at least two soft rollers and two hard rollers. Working nips are formed between each hard and soft roller. The calender has at least one working nip wherein the dwell time (t) is at least 0.1 ms, the surface temperature (T) is at least 100.degree.C., and the load (P) on the stack creates an average compressive stress in the working nip of more than 42 N/mm.sup.2. This provides a calender that is smaller and less expensive to manufacture and operate than super-calenders of the prior art but that also affords excellent finishing results.

Abstract: A calender for treating both sides of a web of paper includes a roller stack. A working nip is formed between the juncture of one hard roller and one soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between the juncture of two soft rollers. The roller stack has eight rollers. The two middle rollers form the changeover nip. One of the middle rollers is a deflection adjustment roller and has an upper support device which can be pressure loaded and a lower support device which also can be pressure loaded. The supporting force that is exerted on the jacket by the upper support device is greater than the supporting force that is exerted by the lower support device.

Abstract: A calender having one stack of rollers has a working nip formed between a hard roller and a soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between adjacent soft rollers. The changeover nip is arranged approximately in the center of the roller stack. The cumulative weight of the rollers is such that the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed above the changeover nip is at least 80 percent of the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed below the changeover nip.

Abstract: A paper calendering apparatus comprises a nip section for advancing paper sheets formed by at least a pair of rollers, one of which is a metal roller and the other of which is a resilient roller or a metal roller, wherein a gap of equal spacing is formed along the entire width of the roller face at the nip section of the pair of rollers, and is set to less than the thickness of the paper sheet to be finished.