Abstract: A roll forming apparatus includes at least one forming roll being spaced from a forming body to define a gap. The forming roll includes a working zone portion having a working zone surface with a length extending along a rotation axis of the forming roll and a thermal resistance boundary extending at an acute angle relative to the rotation axis. In further examples, methods include the step of feeding a stream of molten glass through the gap to form a glass ribbon including a formed thickness. The thermal resistance boundary facilitates substantial uniform radial expansion of the working zone surface relative to the rotation axis across the length of the working zone surface in response to heating of the working zone portion by the molten glass.

Abstract: A calender unit for producing and/or processing thin films, includes two rollers that are rotatably supported at two bearing points in a frame, which each include a hollow cylindrical roller body that forms the working roller circumference, the two roller circumferences forming a roller gap between themselves and at least the one roller is arranged so that it is able to be cooled using a heat exchange medium, the roller body of this roller being arranged as a hollow cylinder and the roller including a carrier which protrudes at one end from the roller body and is supported torsionally fixed on the frame as well as in the roller body to allow a rotation of same about the roller axis, the support of the crosshead taking place in the roller body between the two bearing points, as seen in the longitudinal direction, and device(s) being provided for reducing profile errors in the operation of the calender unit.

Abstract: A shoe roll of a shoe press for use in a papermaking machine, the shoe roll including a blanket, or endless belt, which houses a shoe assembly that, in cooperation with an external backing roll, forms an extended nip proper. The shoe press includes an oil circulation piping system for removing the oil from the interior of the shoe roll and transferring the oil to an oil trap during the running of the machine, whereby the piping system also includes a suction fan connected thereto. The device is implemented by way of connecting an oil siphon to the oil circulation piping system, the oil siphon adapted to move towards and away from the blanket in the interior of the shoe roll so that, when the roll is stopped, the siphon removes the excess oil from the interior of the blanket by a pressure differential generated by of the suction fan.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature of a heated roll in a calender is provided. The calender comprises at least one heated roll or thermoroll and at least one backing roll, between which is formed a nip through which the material web is conveyed. To the heated roll is supplied internal thermal power by internal heating means of the roll, and external thermal power by external heating means of the roll. Before changing the heated roll, internal thermal power is minimized within a specific period by control means provided in conjunction with the internal heating means; external thermal power is maximized within a specific period by control means provided in conjunction with the external heating means; and the surface temperature of and/or the thermal power released by the heated roll, which corresponds to the surface temperature and/or thermal power desired for the grade of the material web, is maintained within a specific period.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for producing long plastic sheets by pressing molten plastic materials between the forming roller and the forming drum unit, the forming drum unit including a thin cylindrical sleeve supported from inside by a drum support unit and pressed against the outer surface of the forming roller to deform elastically in a curve along the outer surface of the forming roller as it rotates, thus maintaining a relatively long contact length.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing calendered paper by an on-line manufacturing system comprising at least a paper machine and a multi-nip calender. The method comprises following steps: removing water from a formed paper web by pressing, drying the pressed paper web by at least one dryer, calendering the dried web by the multi-nip calender, measuring a cross-machine moisture profile or a variable relative thereto, and altering the moisture of the web so that the moisture profile of the web in the cross-direction is even when the web enters the first nip of the calender.

Abstract: Roll for a paper calender. The roll includes a core having opposed end faces and a barrel intermediate the opposed end faces, the barrel having a barrel region. Also included is an elastic cover extending over a working width of the core and a plurality of roller pins, each roller pin engaging a respective end face and having a pin region. Also provided is a temperature control device adapted to supply heat to and/or dissipate heat from the pin regions to a first temperature, and further adapted supply heat to and/or dissipate heat from the barrel region to a second temperature, wherein the first and the second temperatures are different. The present invention also provides a calender that employs such a roll having an elastic cover. Additionally provided is a process for operating such a roll having an elastic cover.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing or preventing vibrations of a roll set of a paper making apparatus, wherein the roll set comprises at least two rolls of which at least one is a soft roll coated with a compressible coating and comprising a temperature control system. The natural vibrational frequency of the roll set is changed during the operation of the apparatus by changing the temperature of the coating of the at least one soft roll. The changing of the natural frequency prevents resonance on a natural frequency of the roll set.

Abstract: A method for reducing or preventing vibrations of a roll set of a paper making apparatus, wherein the roll set comprises at least two rolls of which at least one is a soft roll coated with a compressible coating and comprising a temperature control system. The natural vibrational frequency of the roll set is changed during the operation of the apparatus by changing the temperature of the coating of at least one soft roll. The changing of the natural frequency prevents resonance on a natural frequency of the roll set.

Abstract: A driving control device in a crawler type tractor comprises a lever capable of being operated in the forward or reverse (backward) direction and capable of being operated in the right or left direction when the lever is operated so as to move to the end of the forward or reverse direction, and a speed-stage command device capable of generating and transmitting commands for speed stages for the forward and the reverse directions. When a first sensor detects the lever operation in the forward or reverse direction; the transmission speed stages can be selected in accordance with the first sensor output and the output of the speedstage command device, and the operation amount of the lever in the right or left direction is detected by a second sensor so that steering clutches of the tractor can be controlled in accordance with the output of the second sensor.