Abstract: A door skin featuring a facing having an exterior surface and an interior surface can be provided. A wood grain pattern portion can be formed in the exterior surface of the facing. The wood grain pattern portion can feature a plurality of grooves formed in the exterior surface of the facing, the grooves are recessed from a first plane of the exterior surface, and tonal portions formed in the exterior surface of the facing. The tonal portions can include at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a third protrusion. Spacing between the first protrusion and the second protrusion can be different from spacing between the second protrusion and the third protrusion.

Abstract: The present invention relates a power ultrasound device for fluids processing. An ultrasonic resonator comprises: an exciter section having a longitudinal axis and dimensioned to be resonant in a direction along the longitudinal axis when the exciter section is energized with high frequency vibrations; and a radiator section having a connection stub and coupled to the exciter section through the connection stub, wherein the radiator section is configured to receive the vibrations from the exciter section and transmit the vibrations as acoustic waves, wherein an axial length of the exciter section is less than a half-wavelength, wherein the connection stub completes the half-wavelength when coupled to the excited section to allow the ultrasonic resonator operate in resonance at design frequency.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning unit, a leaf spring, a holding member, and a strain detection unit. The cleaning unit is configured to contact a surface of an image carrier. The leaf spring supports the cleaning unit. The holding member holds the leaf spring. At least one strain detection unit is attached to the leaf spring. The strain detection unit is configured to detect strain of the leaf spring due to deformation of the leaf spring. The leaf spring has a first end and a second end. The leaf spring includes, at the first end, a first joint region to which the cleaning unit s joined and includes, at the second end, a second joint region to which the holding member is joined. The strain detection unit is located between the first joint region and the second joint region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door skin comprising an exterior surface having outer portions lying on a first plane, spaced grooves recessed from the plane of the outer portions, and tonal portions having a planar area and a plurality of spaced depressions recessed from the plane of said planar area. The present invention is also directed to a method of etching a plate, for use with a molded die set, for embossing a wood grain pattern in the door skin, and the etched plate formed therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door skin comprising an exterior surface having outer portions lying on a first plane, spaced grooves recessed from the plane of the outer portions, and tonal portions having a planar area and a plurality of spaced depressions recessed from the plane of said planar area. The present invention is also directed to a method of etching a plate, for use with a molded die set, for embossing a wood grain pattern in the door skin, and the etched plate formed therefrom.

Abstract: A screen printing head for and method of printing deposits of a print medium onto a workpiece through apertures in a printing screen, the printing head comprising a vibration unit for vibrating a printing blade to condition print medium forward of the printing blade, wherein the printing blade is vibrated at at least one frequency in the range of from about 20 kHz to about 200 kHz and with a displacement of at least about 0.4 ?m.

Abstract: A door skin featuring a facing having an exterior surface and an interior surface can be provided. A wood grain pattern portion can be formed in the exterior surface of the facing. The wood grain pattern portion can feature a plurality of grooves formed in the exterior surface of the facing, the grooves are recessed from a first plane of the exterior surface, and tonal portions formed in the exterior surface of the facing. The tonal portions can include at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a third protrusion. Spacing between the first protrusion and the second protrusion can be different from spacing between the second protrusion and the third protrusion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door skin comprising an exterior surface having outer portions lying on a first plane, spaced grooves recessed from the plane of the outer portions, and tonal portions having a planar area and a plurality of spaced depressions recessed from the plane of said planar area. The present invention is also directed to a method of etching a plate, for use with a molded die set, for embossing a wood grain pattern in the door skin, and the etched plate formed therefrom.

Abstract: A gravure printing system is provided. The gravure printing system includes a plate cylinder, an ink source, a cover blade, and a doctor blade. The plate cylinder has a circumferential surface with at least one groove. The ink source is adapted to provider an ink onto the circumferential surface of the plate cylinder. The cover blade is adapted to form an anti-drying layer on the plate cylinder from the ink. The doctor blade is adapted to contact the plate cylinder and fill the at least one groove with the ink. A point on the circumferential surface sequentially passes by the ink source, the cover blade, and the doctor blade as the plate cylinder rotates. A Young's modulus of a material of the cover blade is less than a Young's modulus of a material of the doctor blade. A method of using the gravure printing system is also provided.

Abstract: Substrate treatment apparatus, printers, and methods to treat a print substrate are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first roller having a rigid surface to receive a treatment fluid from a reservoir, a blade to apply a first pressure to the first roller to adjust an amount of the treatment fluid present on the first roller, and a second roller having a non-rigid surface to apply a second pressure to the first roller, to receive an adjusted amount of the treatment fluid from the first roller and to apply the treatment fluid to a substrate, the first pressure and the second pressure being selected such that the second roller applies the treatment fluid to the substrate in an amount resulting in a layer of treatment fluid less than about 0.4 micrometers thick on the substrate.

Abstract: A document reading device is capable of preventing distortion or twisting occurring in a document conveying device from being transmitted to a reading carriage incorporated in the document conveying device. A document reading device includes a second reading carriage provided in a document conveying unit and configured to read a surface of a document different from a surface read by a first reading carriage, a support frame having a support surface supporting the second reading carriage, a retaining member retaining the second reading carriage by sandwiching the same between itself and the support frame, and an elastic member provided between the second reading carriage and retaining member to press the second reading carriage against the support frame. One of the support surface of the support frame and a supported surface of the second reading carriage supported by the support surface is formed into a curved surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door skin comprising an exterior surface having outer portions lying on a first plane, spaced grooves recessed from the plane of the outer portions, and tonal portions having a planar area and a plurality of spaced depressions recessed from the plane of said planar area. The present invention is also directed to a method of etching a plate, for use with a molded die set, for embossing a wood grain pattern in the door skin, and the etched plate formed therefrom.

Abstract: For sealing between a doctor blade chamber (3) and a rotatable roller (16, 23) in a printing unit, there is provided a gasket (4) having an elastomeric edge (17, 18) for sealing abutment against the roller. The gasket includes a rigid/supporting rail (7) which during operational conditions of the printing unit bears against the roller together with the elastomeric edge or which is spaced apart from the roller.

Abstract: A seal for a doctor blade device in a printing press includes a blade contacting section with a front side engaged with a doctor blade of the doctor blade device and a rear side that is softer, more elastic or more resilient than the front side. A doctor blade device having a seal is also provided.

Abstract: A printing unit has a doctor blade chamber, a rotatable roller, and a gasket for sealing between the doctor blade chamber and the roller. One end of the gasket has at least one sealing surface directed towards the doctor blade chamber, the gasket having a thickness which is delimited by a first edge and a second edge at the sealing surface. The other end of the gasket has an elastomeric edge for sealing abutment against the roller, the elastomeric edge being offset in a longitudinal direction of the roller relative to at least one of the first and second edges and delimits the thickness of the sealing surface. The a surface of the gasket extending between the doctor blade chamber and the roller is inclined at an angled of less than 90° relative to longitudinal axis of the roller and/or the sealing surface, and is concave and/or convex.

Abstract: A doctor assembly for a pad printing system includes a body and a doctor blade. The body has an outer surface and an opposite inner surface that defines a passageway through the body. The inner surface engages a removable pre-filled ink cup to secure the ink cup to the body. The inner surface directs ink from the ink cup through the passageway toward an ink-receiving surface of a cliché device. The doctor blade is coupled with the body and engages the cliché device. The doctor blade wipes the ink along the cliché device as the body laterally moves relative to the cliché device. The doctor blade is coupled with the body such that the doctor blade is laterally spaced apart from the inner surface of the body.

Abstract: An ink supply apparatus of a printing press includes at least one inking device. In the inking device, an ink fountain roller is rotatably supported. An ink fountain main body forms a space to store an ink together with an outer surface of the ink fountain roller. A guide member slidably supports the ink fountain main body and guides the ink fountain main body between a first position where the space is formed and a second position spaced apart from the ink fountain roller than the first position. A doctor including a blade is attached to a doctor holding member between the ink fountain main body and the ink fountain roller when the ink fountain main body is located at the second position. The blade abuts against the ink fountain roller and cleans the ink fountain roller.

Abstract: A doctor blade system intended for a print unit includes a doctor blade support provided with a blade, an edge of the blade is able to come into contact with a peripheral surface of an engraved printing cylinder, a supporting hub, on which the doctor blade support is mounted, a structure fixing the supporting hub to a frame of the print unit. Apparatus provides a reciprocating motion of the blade along the peripheral surface of the engraved cylinder roughly parallel to the axis of revolution of the engraved cylinder. Thrust elements drive movement of the blade along the direction of the peripheral surface of the engraved cylinder. The reciprocating apparatus directly drives the doctor blade support. The thrust element or elements move the supporting hub and the doctor blade support and the blade to maintain a constant contact over the entire length of the edge of the blade with the peripheral surface of the engraved cylinder.

Abstract: A liquid supply assembly for use with a printing system of a type in which a liquid is deposited from the liquid supply assembly in a receiving region on a plate and any excess of the liquid in the receiving region is scraped from the plate by the liquid supply assembly. To this end, the liquid supply assembly employs a reusable cup, a disposable cup insert and a scraping element. As assembled, the reusable cup includes a reusable liquid reservoir, the disposable cup insert includes a temporary liquid reservoir holding the liquid within the reusable liquid reservoir, and the scraping element includes a conduit facilitating a flow of the liquid held by the temporary liquid reservoir through the conduit to the plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scraper device for a printing machine which comprises a scraper body (20) having longitudinal blades (2) and lateral sealing elements, and having ink inlet and outlet passages (24). The scraper body (20) is supported by a scraper support (10) adjacent to an inking roller of a printing machine, and having ink supply and discharge passages (11) connected to respective ink supply and discharge conduits of an ink circulation device. Positioning and fixing means allow fixing the scraper body (20) to the scraper support (10) in an operating position in which openings (24a) of said ink inlet and outlet passages (24) of the scraper body (20) are in fluid communication with openings (11a) of said ink supply and discharge passages (11) of the scraper support (10).

Abstract: A roll blade coating method including transferring an excessive amount of a coating liquid onto a continuously running web, and adjusting the excessive amount of the coating liquid to a desired adhesion amount with a roll blade, wherein the roll blade is held by a holding member for holding the roll blade, wherein the holding member is pressed by a plurality of air cylinders each configured to press the holding member, wherein the air cylinders are arranged in a side of the holding member, which side is opposite to a side where the holding member holds the roll blade, and wherein the air cylinders can separately be adjusted in air pressure.

Abstract: A printing press includes an anilox printing unit having a screen roller and a feed blade as components, in which ink accumulates on an outer side of the feed blade during printing. A method for operating the anilox printing unit includes removing the accumulated ink from the feed blade by moving one of the two components relative to the other of the two components in a first direction in a first step, causing the accumulated ink to be flattened by the feed blade and to be spread onto the screen roller. The component that was moved in the first direction in the first step may be moved in an opposite, second direction in a second step, causing the accumulated ink to be scraped off the screen roller by the feed blade.

Abstract: A liquid supply assembly for use with a printing system of a type in which a liquid is deposited from the liquid supply assembly in a receiving region on a plate and any excess of the liquid in the receiving region is scraped from the plate by the liquid supply assembly. To this end, the liquid supply assembly employs a reusable cup, a disposable cup insert and a scraping element. As assembled, the reusable cup includes a reusable liquid reservoir, the disposable cup insert includes a temporary liquid reservoir holding the liquid within the reusable liquid reservoir, and the scraping element includes a conduit facilitating a flow of the liquid held by the temporary liquid reservoir through the conduit to the plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scraper device for a printing machine which comprises a scraper body (20) having longitudinal blades (2) and lateral sealing elements, and having ink inlet and outlet passages (24). The scraper body (20) is supported by a scraper support (10) adjacent to an inking roller of a printing machine, and having ink supply and discharge passages (11) connected to respective ink supply and discharge conduits of an ink circulation device. Positioning and fixing means allow fixing the scraper body (20) to the scraper support (10) in an operating position in which openings (24a) of said ink inlet and outlet passages (24) of the scraper body (20) are in fluid communication with openings (11a) of said ink supply and discharge passages (11) of the scraper support (10).

Abstract: A chamber blade/sealing assembly for use with a fluid chamber which supplies fluid to a roll, includes a containment blade including an elongated thin plate having opposite ends; and a wear element which increases at least one of stiffness and wear of the thin plate, mounted to a surface of the thin plate at the opposite ends thereof. First and second end seals for sealing first and second ends of the fluid chamber, each include a supporting wall, an upper concave surface on the supporting wall and adapted to engage an outer surface of the roll, and a first upper supporting surface extending from one end of the upper concave surface, the first upper supporting surface adapted to receive the wear element such that the wear element does not substantially increase pressure from the roll on the containment blade at the first upper supporting surface.

Abstract: A liquid supply assembly for use with a printing system of a type in which a liquid is deposited from the liquid supply assembly in a receiving region on a plate and any excess of the liquid in the receiving region is scraped from the plate by the liquid supply assembly. To this end, the liquid supply assembly employs a reusable cup, a disposable cup insert and a scraping element. As assembled, the reusable cup includes a reusable liquid reservoir, the disposable cup insert includes a temporary liquid reservoir holding the liquid within the reusable liquid reservoir, and the scraping element includes a conduit facilitating a flow of the liquid held by the temporary liquid reservoir through the conduit to the plate.

Abstract: A method in connection with coating, comprising a running web (8) arranged to be coated with a coating mix (11), coating means (1) arranged in connection with said web (8), a coating surface (6, 7) at the coating means (1) and arranged in contact with said web (8) to dose said coating mix (11), and said coating means (1) being provided with at least a first coating surface (6) and a second coating surface (7), in such a way that it is possible at said running web (8) to switch between the one (6) and the other (7) surfaces while at least one of said surfaces (6, 7) is in an active contact position.

Abstract: Doctor blade assembly for rotogravure printing units, having a support structure for a doctor blade, a holding device of the support structure and a moving device for moving the holding device. The holding device includes a mounting suitable to fix either a chambered doctor blade or a non-chambered doctor blade to the moving device.

Abstract: A liquid application method includes: an application liquid supplying step of supplying an application liquid to an outer circumferential surface of a roller member which is driven to rotate; a blade abutting step of abutting a blade member against the outer circumferential surface of the roller member so as to remove the application liquid supplied in the application liquid supplying step; and a blade abutment and separation control step of controlling an operation of abutting and an operation of separating the blade member in the blade abutting step.

Abstract: A printer having a roll with a radial outer roll surface has an ink cartridge having a housing itself having a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls bridging the side walls and defining therewith a downwardly open mouth juxtaposed with the roll surface. One of the side walls is shiftable between an outer position defining a relatively large volume and an inner position. Doctor blades supported on the housing have outer edges resiliently engageable at the mouth with the surface. One of the doctor blades is shiftable between an open position with its outer edge spaced from the other doctor blade and a closed position. A mechanism connected to the one wall and to the one doctor blade shifts the one doctor blade between the open position and the closed position and simultaneously shifts the one wall from the inner position to the outer position.

Abstract: A doctor blade system for printing units is disclosed, which is arranged for applying ink, or the like to a rotatable cylinder in a printing unit, comprising an elongated frame, having a support and at least one clamp, which frame is arranged parallel to and outside the cylinder and on which are mounted, on each clamp of the frame, an elongated doctor blade, which is arranged for operative wiping engagement against the cylinder, each clamping portion comprising an elongated slit into which a doctor blade is intended to be partly introduced and fixed by a clamp, wherein the clamp is resiliently arranged for providing a damping action for the doctor blade. A doctor blade clamping device is also disclosed, as well as a chambered doctor blade system, a printing unit, and a method for attaching a clamping portion of a chambered doctor blade frame.

Abstract: An ink return blade 17, an ink filling blade 18, and an ink removal blade 19 are disposed in order at a retreat height that is higher by a predetermined dimension than the plate 10 retained in the plate table 11, and are supported by a supporting frame 20 at a predetermined position on a pedestal 8 of an offset printing apparatus. Separate elevating/lowering actuators 21, 22, 23 are provided for each blade 17, 18, 19. When the plate table 11 that retains the plate 10 is driven in one direction, after ink from an ink pool 25 on the plate 10 is filled into the plate 10 by the ink filling blade 18, and excess ink is removed by the ink removal blade 19. Therefore the plate 10 with a suitable amount of inking thereon can be supplied for printing operations. Thereafter, when the plate table 11 is driven in the opposite direction, the ink return blade 17 is brought into contact with the plate 10, and the ink pool 25 is returned to an initial position.

Abstract: A doctor blade system utilizes a lightweight doctor blade chamber to apply ink to an inking roller. The doctor blade chamber is removably positioned on a support plate which is, in turn, carried by linear guides on pivotable end plates. A rigid box beam is also attached to the end plates and is spaced from the support plate. A plurality of membrane cylinders are mounted on the rigid box beam and engage a surface of the support plate opposite to the surface that supports the doctor blade chamber. Through the application of suitable force, the support plate and its supported doctor blade chamber can be moved, by sliding motion on the linear slides, into uniform engagement with the surface of the ink roller. The system uses pivotable end plates which are supported by exterior plates that are, in turn, pivotably supported by press side frames.

Abstract: Provided is a doctor blade for use with a gravure printing roll, which hardly causes fogging even when it is used for the gravure printing using aqueous ink at the same printing speed as that of the gravure printing using oil based ink, can upgrade the gravure printing using the aqueous ink to a practical level, and can have an extended service life. The doctor blade includes a doctor blade body having a distal end with a knife edge portion, for filling gravure cells with ink and scraping off surplus ink with the knife edge portion being brought into contact with a gravure printing roll through a relative movement of the doctor blade to the gravure printing roll, in which at least the knife edge portion of the doctor blade body is coated with a silicon dioxide film, and the silicon dioxide film is formed by using a perhydropolysilazane solution.

Abstract: A composite doctor blade to be installed in a blade holder (11) containing a throat (15) has a rear part (14) made of a composite material which has a profiling (16) which protrudes beyond the plane (18) defined by the doctor blade in order to retain the doctor blade in the blade holder (11). At a distance from the rear part (14), part (17) of the profiling (16) protrudes from the plane (18) to one side only. Moreover, the part (17) is higher than its width in the cross-sectional plane of the doctor blade.

Abstract: A doctor blade, in particular for metering of inks and coatings from an engraved surface, has a flat oblong base body and a blade region with a working edge being formed at one of the longitudinal sides of the base body. The blade region is at least partially made of a plastics material, whereas the working edge is formed of the plastics material. The base body is made from a reinforced plastics material. The opposing main outer surfaces of the base body are constituted by plastic layers made from a first material, where at least one inner layer made from a second material having a higher rigidity than the first material is provided in between the plastic layers.

Abstract: An intaglio plate wiping system includes a wiping member which forms a nip with the intaglio plate in use and onto which excess intaglio ink is transferred during relative movement between the wiping member and the intaglio plate. A heated doctor blade unit is located downstream of the nip and cooperates with the wiping member to remove intaglio ink from the wiping member. A heated ink collecting container is provided into which ink removed from the wiping member passes.

Abstract: The invention is to cope with the minute liquid pressure change due to drying of ink or paint, clogging due to minute dirt, and other problems occurring at the tip of the doctor blade by controlling the curvature of the doctor blade itself by applying a pressure in the direction perpendicular to the surface direction of the doctor blade located in the doctor holder, thus finely adjusting the tip of the doctor blade.

Abstract: An intaglio printing press includes an intaglio cylinder supported rotatably, an inking device for supplying ink to the intaglio cylinder, a wiping device for removing a surplus ink of the ink supplied to the intaglio cylinder, and a prewiping device, provided upstream of the wiping device and downstream of the inking device in the direction of rotation of the intaglio cylinder, for removing the ink before being removed by the wiping device. The prewiping device has a belt conveyor device for discharging the removed ink to the outside of the printing press.

Abstract: Doctor blade assembly for rotogravure printing units, having a support structure for a doctor blade, a holding device of the support structure and a moving device for moving the holding device. The holding device includes a mounting suitable to fix either a chambered doctor blade or a non-chambered doctor blade to the moving device.

Abstract: A cooling system and method for a paper coating device, especially for cooling a coating blade of the coating device and a coating color to be coated on paper web, whereby a streaking and/or bleeding phenomena caused by accumulation of the coating color at the end of the coating blade are effectively inhibited. The cooling system comprises a cooling means equipped at a back surface of the coating blade, interconnecting hoses for communicating coolant to the cooling means, a circulating unit, and a heat-exchanging unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a display panel includes a printing plate having a plurality of recesses formed on its surface and a hole formed at at least one end thereof, a transfer roller for receiving ink injected in the recesses, a supporting plate for supporting a substrate thereon, wherein the ink from the transfer roller is transferred onto the substrate according to a rotation of the roller, and an ink re-using unit positioned in the hole. Productivity can be improved by reducing a fabrication cost by provision of the ink re-using unit to re-use ink.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus (1) for coating a cylinder (C), in particular a wiping cylinder of an intaglio printing press, with a plastic composition comprising inter alia a blade mechanism (4) comprising a single substantially planar blade (40) with a straight edge (40a) extending along the full length of the cylinder to be coated and which is mounted rotatably about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the cylinder to be coated. The blade comprises, at its terminal end proximate to the cylinder, an inclined end portion (4a) having an inverted-V shape rising from the upper side of the blade, the top edge of the inclined end portion forming the straight edge of the blade. The blade is adapted to be rotated so that the straight edge of the blade undergoes an upward movement substantially tangential to the periphery of the cylinder in order to discontinue the application of the plastic composition onto the surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A pad printing system includes a doctor blade and an ink liner frame removably attached to the doctor blade. The ink liner frame is removably attachable to an ink liner. A pad printing system includes a doctor blade, an ink liner, and an ink liner frame removably attached to the doctor blade, wherein the ink liner frame is removably attachable to the ink liner.

Abstract: A method for operating a pad printing system includes receiving a removable pre-filled ink cup on a doctor assembly, orienting the removable pre-filled ink filled cup on the doctor assembly, and dispensing ink from the oriented removable pre-filled ink cup. A removable pre-filled ink cup is provided for a pad printing system including an ink retention portion pre-filled with ink, and a doctor assembly orientation portion formed on an outer portion of the retention portion, wherein the removable pre-filled ink cup is configured to deposit ink on a cliché device via a doctor assembly mated with the doctor assembly orientation portion.

Abstract: A pad printing system includes a doctor assembly, a first force applicator, and a second force applicator. The doctor assembly further includes a first set of opposing contact points and a second set of opposing contact points, wherein the first set is offset from the second set. The first force applicator is operable to apply force at the first set of contact points and the second force applicator is operable to apply a force to the second set of contact points.

Abstract: A squeegee unit for a rotary screen-printing device comprises a squeegee (2) with a squeegee edge (3) which is designed, during operation of a rotary screen-printing device in which the squeegee unit is mounted, to be pressed onto the inner side of a cylindrical screen of the rotary screen-printing device, and a squeegee holder (1) in which the squeegee is mounted. The squeegee edge (3) can be moved away from the squeegee holder (1) and towards the squeegee holder. A resilient element (18) is arranged between the squeegee edge (3) and the squeegee holder (1), in such a manner that the squeegee edge is pressed away from the squeegee holder by spring force. The squeegee unit is provided with travel-limiting means which are designed in such a manner that the squeegee edge (3) can be moved over a relatively short distance of at most 1 mm and preferably of at most 0.5 from the working position in a direction away from the squeegee holder.

Abstract: A color chamber doctor blade has two doctor blade knives oriented in a roof-like fashion against a roller, from which the two doctor blade knives can be fixed on a doctor blade chamber body by means of a clamping plate. The clamping plate is in active connection with long-stretch fasteners in the axial direction (z) of the roller. The long-stretch fasteners are arranged substantially parallel to the clamping plate, and apply the force required for fixing at least one doctor blade knife. The resultant of the force exercised by the fasteners points toward the doctor blade chamber body.

Abstract: An ink supply system is used with a printer of the type in which ink is deposited in an engraved receiving region on a cliché plate and is scraped from the plate leaving ink in the receiving region. The ink supply system includes an ink cup having a hollow interior defining an ink reservoir and defining an outer edge. The outer edge has a doctor blade formed thereon for engaging and scraping the plate. The ink cup has an inlet and an outlet. A pump has a suction side and a discharge side with the suction side in flow communication with the cup outlet for drawing ink from the cup. A viscosity controller is in flow communication with the pump discharge and receives ink from the pump. A flow conduit extends between the viscosity controller and the ink cup for providing a flow of ink from the viscosity controller to the ink cup.

Abstract: Deposition of a metal-containing reagent solution or suspension onto a conductive substrate by various pad-printing techniques is described. This results in a pseudocapacitive oxide coating, nitride coating, carbon nitride coating, or carbide coating having an acceptable surface area for incorporation into an electrolytic capacitor, such as one having a tantalum anode.