Abstract: According to one embodiment, the charging circuit includes the control unit maintains an ON state of the main switching element by being driven within the predetermined time after power is input to the input unit and stopping the function of the time constant circuit, and when the full charge detection unit detects the fully charged state, the control unit turns off the main switching element by restoring the function of the time constant circuit after the predetermined time is elapsed.

Abstract: An apparatus for storing energy comprises a two-quadrant chopper connectable to a converter DC link, at least one energy store, connected to the two-quadrant chopper for storing energy, so that the two-quadrant chopper can be used to transport energy from the converter DC link to the at least one energy store or vice versa. The apparatus further comprises a control device for controlling a current flowing in accordance with the transport of the energy, wherein the control device is configured to control the current flowing in accordance with the transport on the basis of a thermal load on the at least one energy store.

Abstract: A throttle drive actuator for an engine includes a rotor and a stator. The rotor connects with a valve of a throttle body to rotate the valve, to open a close an air passage of the throttle body of the engine.

Abstract: A heat sink made from laminated plates and formed with spaced apart ribs and slits positioned so as to control circulation of refrigerant over the heat sink during cooling of an object by the heat sink.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator having a permanent magnet coupled to an armature of the electromagnetic actuator is provided. The electromagnetic actuator includes a housing, a pole piece arranged within the housing and secured by an end plate, and an armature assembly having an armature and a permanent magnet coupled to the armature. The armature is movable between a first position and a second position. The electromagnetic actuator further includes a wire coil positioned around the armature assembly and arranged within the housing. An actuation position of the armature between the first position and the second position is proportional to a magnitude of current applied to the wire coil.

Abstract: A throttle drive actuator for an engine includes a first magnet and a second magnet positioned adjacent the first magnet. The north pole of the second magnet is positioned opposite the south pole of the first magnet to create a first magnetic field, and the south pole of the second magnet is positioned opposite the north pole of the first magnet to create a second magnetic field. A direction of the second magnetic field is directed opposite a direction of the first magnetic field. An armature is positioned between the first magnet and the second magnet, the armature including windings. The armature rotates between the first magnet and the second magnet when the windings are energized, and the armature rotates a valve of a throttle body of the engine, to open a close an air passage of the throttle body.