Abstract: This invention relates to a device for protection from the heat flash of atomic weapons. The invention comprises a nylon net coated with a mixture of neoprene and at least one explosive initiator selected from the group consisting of tetracene, lead styphnate and silver fulminate.

Abstract: Cartridged ammunition 1 for a grenade pistol includes a casing 10 made, for example, of plastic, the casing having an opening. A projectile 11 is disposed in the casing opening and includes a tracer charge and/or delayed-action charge 11b. A primer 13 and a propelling charge 14 are disposed in a cup 12 at the base of casing 10. The cup 12 is composed of two mutually concentric sleeves 12a and 12b, with the inner sleeve 12b being mounted so as to be slidable in the outer sleeve 12a and extendable in the manner of a telescope. The outer sleeve 12a has a free end section which is provided with an external thread 100 followed by an annular, predetermined, circumferential break location 12d. The base of projectile 11 includes a sleeve 17 provided with an internal thread which can be screwed onto the outer sleeve 12a of cup 12. A firing channel 12c is provided in the bottom or endwall 12e of the cup-shaped inner sleeve 12b, with such firing channel being oriented toward the tracer and/or delayed-action charge 11b.

Abstract: The work area advanced warning system is for use on the work site to give warning of impending danger in order to give time for workers and others to avoid the danger before the damage. Dangers are sensed by the use of contained exploding charges, smoke and horns or sirens activated by remote control to create unnatural comotion thus alerting the senses to potential loss.

Abstract: Pyrolyzed carbon fibers are intercalated with alkali metal by contacting fibers with hot metal vapors at a specified temperature to produce an infrared emissive chaff. This chaff can be released into the air to produce a heat generating cloud, which can serve as an infrared decoy or screen to protect military targets against weapons having infrared detectors. The chaff gives off a longer lasting, more moderate heat supply due to the intercalation of its active element, and is much easier to store and handle than prior art pyrophorics.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved smoke generator. In particular it relates to a method and apparatus for producing dense smoke clouds for camouflage purposes utilizing a solid propellant.

Abstract: An improved smoke canister 1 has a high-pressure proof propellant chamber 20 containing a propellant charge 21, consisting of a reduced-smoke generating powder, which can be ignited electrically by an ignition charge 19. Capillary bores 20b and 20c are provided respectively in both end faces of the propellant chamber 20. When a smoke canister 1 is fired, propellant gases under high pressure exit via the capillary bore 20b into the launcher (not shown), and contribute to the uniform acceleration of the smoke canister 1. This makes it possible to launch heavier smoke canisters. The smoke-generating charge 12 is ignited by means of the second capillary bore 20c.

Abstract: A grenade arrangement for forming a visual and infrared screening cloud, having a frangible body, a hollow cylindrical solid compact cohesive mass of compacted generally mutually adhered fine metal flakes of a copper composition, particularly brass, and of submicron thickness and multimicron in lateral dimensions, a cylindrical mass of HE explosive within such hollow cylindrical mass for aerosoling such metal flakes into the atmosphere, and having HE explosive percussisvely activating detonator means, a launch propulsion charge and pyrotechnic delay means between the propulsion charge and the HE explosive detonator.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a smoke-producing pyrotechnical composition which is designed for the production of a smoke screen that prohibits the transmission of infrared radiance from a target to a pick-up.It includes a compound which generates, through thermal decomposing, carbon particles of which the size is included between about 1 and 14 .mu.m, and an oxidoreducing system which reacts at a temperature that exceeds 1000 degrees C. and a binding agent. The compound which generates carbon particles can be hexachloroethane, hexachlorobenzene, naphtalene, anthracene, or their mixture; the reducing agent can be a metal powder (magnesium) and the oxidizer hexachlorobenzene and/or hexachloroethane.An application to the execution of smoke-producing devices.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic device comprises a projectile, a ground mounted device or a floating device whose casing contains a charge of titanium or other suitable combustible metal-containing material, charcoal, or other reducing agent and gunpowder such that, following ignition, infra-red emitting particles are emitted to form an infra-red radiating screen. The carbon reduces oxidation of the combustible material prior to emission.

Abstract: The pyrotechnic device comprises a projectile, a ground mounted device or a floating device whose casing contains a charge of particulate material, for example a combustible silicon-containing material in particular mixed with titanium or other suitable combustible metal-containing material and gunpowder such that, following ignition, infra-red emitting particles are emitted for forming an infra-red radiating screen.

Abstract: A visual-and-infrared-screening cloud-forming product is made by forming a slurry of fine metal flakes of copper composition, particularly brass, of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions, together with a volatile surface-wetting agent liquid, in the form of a liquid hydrocarbon, extruding and severing the extended slurry mass into small segments, drying the small segments, placing the small segments into a desired container shape and crushing such segments in place and into such shape, in particular in a hollow cylindrical shape. An HE explosive mass is inserted into the resulting compacted hollow cylinder, enabling bursting of the compacted mass.

Abstract: A visual and infrared screening cloud is formed, comprised of an aerosol of fine metal flakes of copper composition, particularly brass, in which the flakes are of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions. The cloud is formed by aerosoling a compact generally cohesive mass of copper composition metal flakes of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral dimensions through the action of explosively bursting such compact mass in the atmosphere at the desired cloud location.

Abstract: A smoke grenade comprising a launching device (1), an instantaneous smoke device (2) and an IR-smoke generator (3) is provided with a casing (4) which can be deformed to guiding/supporting fins (4').

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a smoke-producing pyrotechnical ammunition to shield the visible and infrared radiance in a wave length included between 0.4 and 14 .mu.m emitted by a target. First we produce instantly a first hot aerosol with a fast pyrotechnical composition, which masks the target through diffusion in the visible spectrum and with its emitting potential in the infrared zone. Then, we produce a second aerosol which contains hot carbon particles of which the size is included between 1 and 14 .mu.m with a slow pyrotechnical composition for shielding mainly through diffraction the thermal image emitted by the target. The fast composition includes zinc and zinc oxide, potassium perchlorate, hexachlorobenzene or hexachloroethane powder and a binding agent. The slow composition includes a compound which generates carbon particles of 1 to 14 .mu.

Abstract: The invention is a smoke generator which atomizes fog oil by means of a slinger disc affixed to, and rotating with, a turbine wheel. The atomized fog oil mixes with, and is evaporated by, the hot, turbine exhaust gas. Upon leaving the generator, the evaporated fog oil recondenses into a smoke cloud. The smoke cloud generated is to provide a visual screen on a battlefield for concealing the whereabouts of troops and equipment from observance by an enemy.

Abstract: A projectile for delivering to a target a can containing pressurized material which is to be dispersed over the area of target. In one embodiment, the projectile includes a cylindrical hollow housing to the rear end of which is attached a launching tube with a fin assembly. The can is slidably disposed within the housing. There is a space between a cap which closes the forward end of the housing and the can in the housing. The can slides forward in the housing toward the cap upon impact of the cap against the target. This opens a valve which releases the contents of the sealed can into the housing, and this, in turn, blows the cap off the housing so that the released material is dispersed over the target area. In another embodiment, the can itself has the launching tube and fin assembly attached to its bottom. Instead of being enclosed in a housing, the top of the can carries a cap which closes the top of the can and which cap is detented spaced away from the dispensing nozzle.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic, aircraft carried bomb such as a smoke bomb, illumination b, flare bomb and the like. The bomb comprises detachable delay and nose sections and two main body sections separable from each other and each holding a pyrotechnic charge. The tail section houses a braking parachute which is deployed by the action of a time fuze upon release from the carrier aircraft. The tail and nose sections further house each a main parachute associated each with one of the main body sections. After a certain delay the deployed braking parachute starts an ignition train which causes ejection of the tail and front sections, deployment of the main parachutes, separation of the two main body sections from each other and ignition of the pyrotechnic charges therein. The two main body sections parachute down and reach the ground in soft landing with the pyrotechnic charges burning during the descent and, if desired, they may be arranged to continue to burn for a while after landing, e.g. in case of a smoke bomb.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a directed aerosol stream from gaseous and/or vapor phase reactants by conveying the reactants to a reaction site, reacting the reactants at the reaction site in a flame free chemical reaction to produce an aerosol composition, and causing the aerosol composition to flow from the reaction site and immediately surrounding the aerosol composition with a moving, essentially aerosol free gas and/or vapor stream to form a directed aerosol stream enveloped in the aerosol free stream, in which the step of conveying includes conducting each reactant through a respective distributor and then through a discharge element having a substantially higher flow resistance than the distributor in a substantially vertical upward direction to the reaction site, and the step of causing is carried out so that the aerosol composition flows in a substantially vertical upward direction.

Abstract: An infrared radiation-emitting projectile includes a casing and a contact head attached thereto, the casing containing an igniter-destructor capsule centrally positioned therein which contains an igniter-destructor charge, a layer of combustible flakes between the igniter-destructor capsule and the side wall of the casing, and an ignition-expediting material such as red phosphorus between the igniter-destructor capsule and the side wall of the casing.

Abstract: Several pyrotechnic smoke screen sets are arranged on top of each other. Each of them has an igniter and a decomposition sets. They are in separate containers which, in succession, are ignited by a delay device at a desired interval.

Abstract: Device for producing a series of consecutive decoy clouds, in particular infrared decoy clouds which move progressively away from the actual target, in which several projectiles (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) are arranged within a thin walled discharge tube (1), each projectile is practically of identical construction and has a separate ignition disintegrator unit (10) for disintegrating it and for igniting and scattering the combustible charge (18) to form a decoy cloud, a separate ejection chamber (27) provided with a propellant charge cartridge (28) is provided on each projectile, each propellant charge cartridge (28) can be ignited via a separate electrically actuated ignition lead (5) by means of a command controlled ignition distributor unit (69) and each projectile has a separate percussion fuse (47) for the ignition disintegrator unit (10) which can be actuated by releasing its safety device (360 mechanically, its safety device (36) only being released after ignition of the propellant charge cartridge (28) wit

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process and an arrangement for manufacturing a smoke emitting arrangement which generates a trace of smoke of predetermined color, red or other color, particularly adapted for use with a spin-stabilized projectile forming a distress or signal flare, and the colored smoke emitting arrangement obtained thereby. The process is characterized in that one obtains a smoke emitting composition by dry-mixing in a pulverulent state a sublimable coloring medium and a pyrotechnic carrier support composition; by distributing the coloring medium between the particles of the carrier support composition; and then placing the end-product (charge), so obtained, into a rigid, fluid-tight housing, which has an opening forming a nozzle oriented along an average predetermined direction, and by compressing the charge in in the interior of this housing in such a way that it is least compressed in the proximity of the nozzle.

Abstract: According to the invention, a smoke emission device such as a golf ball or a baseball game ball which emits attactive smoke while flying is provided for entertainment display. The smoke emission device includes a central core of a detonator material, a layer of a smoke emitting material and an outer shell having apertures for allowing the smoke to pass therethrough. A wire net between 100 and 10 mesh is interposed between the outer shell and the layer of the smoke emitting material to cover at least the apertures to thereby prevent hot molten mass of the combustion product from spilling out of the apertures.

Abstract: A smoke canister used as a spotting charge for locating a point in space re a warhead has been detonated. The canister is provided with a plurality of seals to prevent leakage of the smoke producing chemical in the canister during a very long storage life of the canister in the missile warhead.

Abstract: A smoke-producing composition which will produce a dense smoke in about 5 conds and continues to produce a visible cloud having a duration of about 10 minutes for military screening operations in the field. The composition has critical limits in proportions and particle size for effective and efficient use in the 81 mm mortar cartridge. The composition consists essentially of 75 to 90 parts red phosphorus of 10.+-.5.mu. in size, 10 to 20 parts sodium nitrate of 30.+-.15.mu., and 4 to 10 parts of an epoxy binder. All parts being by weight.

Abstract: A device comprising an infrared signature cloaking round forming part of the ammunition load of a cannon-armed vehicle provides an immediate response to a hostile threat from IR tracked or IR guided weapons by forming, when fired from the cannon, a mist that absorbs, scatters, reflects, refracts, or diffracts the infrared signature of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of molding a red phosphorous pyrotechnic mix containing an epoxy nder, which is markedly improved by the addition of silica.

Abstract: A method of screening infra-red radiation is disclosed which comprises fong between the source of said radiation and the point of reception or detection an aerosol of finely-divided, thin flat particles of aluminum which is highly reflective and opaque to said radiation, the dimensions of said particles being of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of said radiation.

Abstract: Described is a pyrotechnic charge as smoke- or combustion charge in the form of separate pressed objects arranged in a case, the improvement comprising the fact that the case (1) for the pressed objects (3) consists of plastic or light metal provided with preset breaking points (2). More specifically, the pyrotechnic charge contains a charge base containing smoke compounds in the form of pressed objects and also contains an igniting charge.

Abstract: A black smoke generator is provided for generating a smoke screen for use on military vehicles, installations and the like. The black smoke generator is a self-sustaining unit and comprises a compressor having an outlet, a turbine having an inlet and a burner assembly operatively connected between the compressor outlet and the turbine inlet. The burner assembly has a housing which defines a combustion chamber while fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber at a rate which produces an excessively rich fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber. Upon ignition of the fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber, black smoke is exhausted through the turbine which simultaneously drives the compressor. A method for generating black smoke is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to the safety of ammunitions.The projectile of a cartridge has a base which houses a safety stop consisting of a transversely slidable valve. A device ensures that the valve cannot be released until the projectile has been subjected to a powerful acceleration. Another safety device very advantageously ensures that the pyrotechnical chain inserted in the base functions only when the pressure of the ejection charge has been able to release a sealing-block.In particular, the invention may be applied to infra red window releasing cartridges.

Abstract: A full-caliber shell for training purposes to be fired with a low charge in a large-caliber firearm, e.g. a howitzer or a gun. THe shell comprises a front part (1) made of heavy material and an effect part casing (2) and a bottom unit (3) substantially made of plastic material which is highly resistant to high pressures. The effect part casing comprising the effect part and the bottom unit is arranged to withstand the great stress forces which arise in connection with the firing of the shell in the howitzer when the heavy front part is to be accelerated by means of said effect part and bottom unit. The stress forces are then very pronounced, and are of the magnitude of those arising in connection with the firing of a steel shell with the corresponding charge.

Abstract: Crowd control projectile and a method of ejecting flash and acoustic shock charges from said crowd control projectile. The projectile comprises a housing containing a fuse acting on a delay charge for igniting an ejector charge and at least one charge which can be ejected from the housing without destroying the housing. The projectile has a lid which is blown off by a slight pressure build-up in the container and at least one flash and acoustic shock charge arranged in a tube which is disposed in the housing together with an ejector and scatter charge which is ignited by the delay charge via a fuse cord. The crowd control projectile may also contain a smoke or irritant substance charge disposed in a tube or separate compartment of the projectile which is adapted to be ignited by said delay charge.In an alternate embodiment of the crowd control projectile the upper half of the projectile is constructed as described hereinabove and is mechanically connected to a lower half.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic spotting charge for training projectiles contains 30-50% zinc owder, 10-30% aluminum powder, 10-30% potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate, and 10-30% potassium perchlorate. The composition (a) is fast reacting and produces a large volume of white smoke visible at a great distance before the projectile buries itself in the ground and (b) is of low brisance and does not cause fragmentation of the projectile.

Abstract: A smoke generator utilizes a boiler chamber within which a mixture of water nd liquid smoke generant are heated above the boiling point of water, thereby producing free steam confined within the chamber. The steam and heated liquid are independently removed from the chamber and recombined at optimum pressure and flow in a special atomizing nozzle to generate a smoke of particulate size under ten microns.

Abstract: End caps for a launch environment simulator apparatus are provided which add realism to the firing simulation by producing smoke and a small amount of debris. The end caps serve to retain a combustible gas mixture within the apparatus prior to firing. Upon firing the end caps are consumed, producing the smoke and debris.

Abstract: A smoke shell for providing successive ignition of slow burning and fast burning smoke emitting charges. A steel shell containing a slow burning charge is ejected in a delayed time period after an inner casing with its upper fast burning charge has been ejected.

Abstract: A hollow projectile, to be launched by rocket or fired from a cannon, has a central venturi tube that vents to the external environment near the forward end of the projectile. A pressurized liquid or a solid, combustible matrix that contains a gas or colloid producing material surrounds the venturi tube. This material is released through the venturi tube either by burning the matrix or by rupturing a diaphragm that retains the liquid. A timer, started by an accelerometer in response to the acceleration of the projectile when it is launched, fires an igniter or an explosive fuse to release the gaseous material. Spring loaded valve means, which normally closes the venturi tube, is forced open by gas pressure within the tube to permit discharge of gaseous material into the external environment. This valve means establishes a threshold pressure within the projectile that helps to ignite the matrix and to maintain combustion thereof, and to accelerate the gases being discharged from the projectile.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for the preparation of a smoke composition based on hexachloroethane, zinc oxide, and metal powder, in which zinc oxide granules obtained by high compression and subsequent crushing are used as a mixture component and the intermittent burnoff of previous smoke compositions of this type is thus avoided; the invention also concerns a smoke generator filled with such a smoke composition.

Abstract: A transmission attenuating aerosol, which is transmission attenuating and has a low refractive index for electromagnetic radiation, particularly for absorption within the IR-range, which aerosol includes activated carbon having approximately 80% of the particles distributed within a range of diameters between 1 and 9 .mu.m and 10% above and below these limits, the activated carbon also being arranged having high mechanical strength.

Abstract: An air burst munitions simulator which provides for the aerial dissemination of readily dispersable substance. A payload container adapted to contain the substance to be dispersed is launched into the air by a propellant charge, typically gunpowder. A time delay fuse assembly serves to detonate a high energy explosive charge which shatters the container to release the dispersible substance in air.

Abstract: A smoke cartridge for producing instantaneous smoke, particularly for screening a vehicle. A casing, preferably made of aluminum, has a first elongated compartment in which a plurality of annular smoke elements are stacked one above the other with a common central opening passing through all of them. A second compartment adjacent the first compartment has a discharge composition therein and a mechanism for igniting the same. When ignited, the discharge composition causes a jet of flames to pass through the central opening between the smoke elements, igniting the latter. A further compartment contains a further discharge composition, preferably ignited after a delay, for propelling the entire casing after the smoke elements have been discharged therefrom.

Abstract: A smoke grenade for providing screening. A container has in the lower portion thereof a discharge composition ignited by a primer composition for igniting an ignition/bursting composition which in turn ignites a set of easily ignitable smoke charges, preferably disc shaped smoke charges surrounding the ignition/bursting composition. Ahead of the first charges in the direction of travel of the grenade is a further smoke charge which is compact and hence more slowly ignitable than the first set of charges. A delay booster and a further primer composition ignite this further smoke charge after a delay.

Abstract: A hollow projectile, to be launched by rocket or fired from a cannon, has a central venturi tube that vents to the external environment near the forward end of the projectile. A pressurized liquid or a solid, combustible matrix that contains a gas or colloid producing material surrounds the venturi tube. This material is released through the venturi tube either by burning the matrix or by rupturing a diaphragm that retains the liquid. A timer, started by an accelerometer in response to the acceleration of the projectile when it is launched, fires an igniter or an explosive fuse to release the gaseous material. Spring loaded valve means, which normally closes the venturi tube, is forced open by gas pressure within the tube to permit discharge of gaseous material into the external environment. This valve means establishes a threshold pressure within the projectile that helps to ignite the matrix and to maintain combustion thereof, and to accelerate the gases being discharged from the projectile.

Abstract: A smoke cup projectile charge comprising smoke cups stacked one above the other in the shell jacket in discharging direction, the smoke cup supporting components having identical strength and being filled with smoke charge composition comprising hexachloroethane, zinc oxide and metal powder, and a fuse system of priming cartridges embedded in transmission composition in the smoke charge and ignited by capillary delay tubes.

Abstract: A dispenser retains a hermetically sealed metal canister which holds a pyrophoric fluid, radar chaff, other electronic countermeasure materials or a combination thereof for ejection from an aircraft. Several openings in the canister are sealed with Pyrofuze foil material closures and a Pyrofuze wire braid is interconnected between each of the closures and the canister in close proximity to a Pyrofuze delay braid having one end thereof fixedly attached to the canister. A safety tab on one corner of the canister extends downward between the delay braid and the wire braid to prevent cross ignition until the canister is fully ejected from the dispenser. When a gas producing squib on the dispenser is fired, the Pyrofuze delay braid is ignited by the flame front from the squib and the canister is forced from the dispenser causing the safety tab to be automatically removed from the canister.

Abstract: A T-shaped combined smoke-producing projectile and launch housing assembly aving dual-canister means for establishing an effective smoke screen simultaneously with an effective source of illumination and light-radiation throughout the duration of projectile flight after initiation of the launch or propelling charge. The aforesaid assembly is adapted to be attached to and detached from a tank or other vehicle within about 30 seconds via suitable quick release mounting means not comprising a part of this invention. The assembly includes a launching or propelling charge disposed within a propelling charge chamber, and means for causing simultaneous ignition of the compounds within the dual smoke generating canisters and of intense light-radiation to help blind enemy automatic weapons systems after the projectile has been launched.

Abstract: An air purge system device for use with nozzle tubes carrying fuel oil to a iesel engine exhaust system for vaporization of the fuel oil. Provided is at least one nozzle tube for carrying fuel oil to the diesel engine exhaust system and an electrically controlled solenoid valve for controlling flow of fuel from a fuel supply source for the diesel engine to the nozzle tubes. An air purge line is provided for forcing air into the tube from the diesel engine air box. A one-way check valve is provided to permit air flow from the air purge line to the tube and prevent fuel flow from the fuel valve to the air purge line.The method described prevents coke build-up in nozzle tubes carrying the fuel oil, which fuel is vaporized during operation of a fuel supply valve.

Abstract: An improved device for a smoke obscuration munition includes a thin-walled erosol can body. A sealed central burster tube is affixed to and extends into the sealed payload within the device. The payload consists of a slurry contained in the annular space outside the burster which includes a highly volatile, low density, low surface tension hydrocarbon liquid and a obscuration agent as the payload.