Abstract: One embodiment of a reusable gas grenade canister includes an inner casing defining an interior space. An outer casing is spaced from the inner casing. A top plate is used to close a top end of the canister. Offset ports extend through the inner and outer casings. Fins extend outwardly from the outer casing for elevating the canister above a support surface. In use, a grenade is located and secured within the interior space. Upon ignition, material is expelled from the grenade into the interior space, then flows through the ports into the baffle space, then to a point exterior of the canister. In another embodiment, the canister comprises a body defining an interior space and includes a spike extending therefrom, the spike defining a flow path for gas to flow from the interior space to a point remote from the body.

Abstract: A war games land mine includes a fluid supply mechanism, a housing and a sealing device. The fluid supply mechanism is configured for containing and selectively releasing therefrom a pressurized fluid. The housing has an interior surface, a first orifice and a second orifice, the first orifice of the housing being fluidly coupled with the fluid supply mechanism. The sealing device is movably mounted within the housing, the sealing device having a first side and a second side. The first side and the interior surface of the housing define a first chamber therebetween, the first chamber being fluidly coupled with the first orifice. The second side and the interior surface defining a second chamber therebetween, the second chamber being fluidly coupled with the second orifice and configured for being substantially filled with a marking agent.

Abstract: Projectile systems are provided herein employing an inhibiting and/or marking substance for impairing/marking a living target, such as a human or animal target. The projectile systems provide effectiveness by impacting the target with sufficient force to cause the target to move into a simultaneously radially dispersing inhibiting/marking substance contained within a capsule of the projectile system. In preferred embodiments, the projectile system includes a generally spherical frangible projectile that is optimally filled to greater than about 50%, more preferably about 75% to 99% of its total volume, most preferably to about 90% of capacity, with the substance to be delivered to the target. One or more frangible projectiles are configured to fit with a shell casing configured to fit within a delivery device.

Abstract: A sprayer device mounts to the barrel of a firearm and includes a housing having forward and rear portions which hold opposite ends of a spray canister containing a pressurized charge of a debilitating chemical substance. The forward and rear portions are adjustably positionable along an elongate brace for accommodating a variety of spray canister sizes. When held between the forward and rear portions of the housing, a nozzle stem of the spray canister is positioned for engagement with a front cap of the housing in axial alignment with a discharge aperture. A trigger actuator on the rear portion is operable to urge the spray canister forward relative to the housing so that the nozzle stem is depressed against the front cap, thereby causing release of the debilitating chemical substance through the discharge aperture in a forward trajectory.

Abstract: A non-lethal projectile system for non-lethally inhibiting a living target, multi-functional launching devices for delivering the non-lethal projectile systems to a target, methods of assembling the non-lethal projectiles, and tactical methods of the use of the non-lethal projectile, the non-lethal projectile consists of a projectile body to be impacted with a living target and an inhibiting substance within the projectile body, wherein upon impact with the target, the inhibiting substance is dispersed on and about the target. In a variation, the projectile body ruptures upon impact releasing the substance. In another variation, the inhibiting substance is a powdered substance comprising a powdered pepper derived substance, for example, oleoresin capsicum or capsaicin.

Abstract: A method of controlling unruly persons comprising identifying an area containing unruly persons refusing to respond to rule of law, filling the area with a non-toxic, non-injurious fogging material which interferes with the visual sense of persons in the area so as to prevent the persons from orienting themselves within the area and prevents the persons from seeing other persons within the area and providing for at least one authorized person within the area a thermal imaging camera operable to thermally detect persons within the area and to generate an image representing the persons detected. At least one authorized person within the area a viewing device for viewing the image of the detected persons and causing said at least one authorized person to subdue the unruly persons while viewing the images of the unruly persons and while the unruly persons are prevented from seeing the at least one authorized person.

Abstract: Projectile systems are provided herein employing an inhibiting and/or marking substance for impairing/marking a living target, such as a human or animal target, which projectile systems are optimized to provide maximum effectiveness by impacting the target with sufficient force to cause the target to move into a simultaneously radially dispersing inhibiting/marking substance contained within a capsule of the projectile system. In preferred embodiments, the projectile system includes a generally spherical capsule that is optimally filled to greater than about 50%, more preferably about 75% to 99% of its total volume, most preferably to about 90% of capacity, with the substance to be delivered to the target. The capsule is preferably formed as two about equal halves.

Abstract: The malodorant compositions provided by the invention are formed from ingredients comprised of at least a malodorant compound and a carrier liquid, the compositions having a toxicity category rating of at least III. Preferred malodorant compounds suitable for use in the compositions of this invention of include organic sulfur compounds, and the compositions may include an appropriate amount of an odor intensifier, e.g., skatole, to provide a malodorant composition having low toxicity while providing the olfactory stimuli desired. The combination of these compounds is particularly effective in producing a malodorous stimulus for use in a variety of settings where non-lethal weapons are employed, all without permanently damaging the targeted subject or the surrounding environment. Non-lethal weapon systems for delivering to target the malodorant compositions of this invention, and associated methods of use of the compositions of this invention, are also described.

Abstract: A system for the precisely and accurately controlled delivery and collection of aerosolized masses. The system includes an aerosol generator, an upstream electro-optional aerosol mass concentration sensor past which aerosols are transported at a known upstream volumetric flow rate, a deposition zone within which aerosols are collected on or within a media, and a downstream electro-optical aerosol mass concentration sensor past which aerosols uncollected in the deposition zone are transported at a known downstream volumetric flow rate. The net mass of aerosols collected in the deposition zone is determined by integrating over time the product of mass concentration measured by the upstream electro-optical sensor and the upstream volumetric flow rate minus the product of mass concentration measured by the downstream electro-optical sensor and the downstream volumetric flow rate.

Abstract: A projectile and method for the destruction of normally explosive targets and includes a projectile shell body containing a pyrogenically activated intermetallic reactive payload in the forward section of the shell and an amount of tracer material aft of the payload in the shell body for igniting the intermediate reactive payload. The tracer material is ignited by the shell propellant upon launch.

Abstract: The malodorant compositions provided by the invention are formed from ingredients comprised of at least a malodorant compound and a carrier liquid, the compositions having a toxicity category rating of at least III. Preferred malodorant compounds suitable for use in the compositions of this invention of include organic sulfur compounds, and the compositions may include an appropriate amount of an odor intensifier, e.g., skatole, to provide a malodorant composition having low toxicity while providing the olfactory stimuli desired. The combination of these compounds is particularly effective in producing a malodorous stimulus for use in a variety of settings where non-lethal weapons are employed, all without permanently damaging the targeted subject or the surrounding environment. Non-lethal weapon systems for delivering to target the malodorant compositions of this invention, and associated methods of use of the compositions of this invention, are also described.

Abstract: A warhead has polar imbiber masses containing a complexed energetic composition of a cyclodextrin nitrate, a nitrate ester plasticizer, bismuth subsalicylate and a stabilizer that is dispersed into a cloud prior to target impact.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-lethal ammunition comprising a projectile (100) including: a body (110) which houses a container (130) adapted to generate a pressurized gas, and a nosecone (140) associated with a striker (154) adapted to enable an active agent to be dispersed on impact, wherein the body (110) is placed in a case (50, 60) and the container (130) or the striker is disposed on a slide (120) guided to slide in the body (110); means (117, 118, 119) are provided to prevent movement of the slide (120) before the body (110) leaves the case (50, 60) to prevent movement towards each other of the striker (154) and the container (130), and the body (110) of the projectile (100) comprises a plurality of orifices (170) disposed around its axis to enable the active agent to be dispersed omnidirectionally.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a device for generating a V agent vapor and aerosol. The device comprises a container having a first and second chamber separated by a destructable diaphragm. The chemical components necessary to form the V agent are divided between the two compartments. Freon or a similar fluorinated hydrocarbon is placed in one of the chambers which communicates with an ejection nozzle through a sealed opening. An explosive charge is detonated to remove the diaphragm between the compartments and to allow the chemical components to combine and form the V agent. The heat of the reaction in the presence of the freon causes the pressure to increase in the chamber. This pressure, together with the heat of reaction, breaks the seal between the chambers and the ejection nozzle and the V agent is ejected from the nozzle as a vapor and aerosol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-lethal projectile. The projectile (1) comprises a longitudinal body (5) having internally a longitudinal striker (55) suitable for perforating a container (47) of fluid under pressure in controlled manner, in particular by impact of the projectile (1) on a target. The striker (55) has an internal passage (59) opening to the outside of the body (5) via channels (60) made through a rigid wall (35) secured to the body (5) such that the outlet offered to the fluid under pressure remains disengaged even if the impact is accompanied by the deformation of the container (47). The fluid contained in the container (47) can thus escape and spread over the target even in such a case.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device comprising a casing having a base end and a ainer end, with a firing primer mounted through the base end and extending into a propellant zone which contains a propellant. The firing primer is thereby detonationally connected to the propellant. A diffuser plate is mounted inside of the casing on a side of the propellant zone opposite to the firing primer. A filler area inside of the casing is adjacent to the diffuser on an opposite side to the propellant zone. The filler area contains particles of a powder having interstitial void space between the particles. A frangible end seal is attached to the casing within the retainer end, with the frangible end seal being positioned adjacent to the filler area on an opposite side of the diffuser. When activated, propellant gases expand through the diffuser into the fill area deagglomerating and fluidizing the powder particles and increasing pressure until the end seal ruptures and releases an aerosol cloud.

Abstract: A power device includes at least two power conversion circuits respectively having at least one of switching elements, at least one of which switching elements in these conversion circuits being used in common as an element constituting the at least two different power conversion circuits, a control device providing at least a period in which at least one of currents flowing from at least one of the different power conversion circuits to the commonly used switching element has a polarity inverse to at least the other one of the currents flowing from at least the other one of the power conversion circuits, so as to cancel each other, and a unit for detecting the state of the respective conversion circuits. The operation of the switching elements is thereby made modifiable in accordance with a lowering in the resistance of a load of the device, and the withstand voltage of the elements can be prevented effectively from rising even upon any fluctuation in the load.

Abstract: An air-delivered infrared anti-ship missile decoy is delivered from an aiaft to a desired location below sea surface ahead of advancing forces and then activated at a later time by a remotely-transmitted encoded signal to separate a payload assembly from the remainder of the decoy, float the payload assembly on the sea surface and then produce a relatively large infrared plume above the payload assembly and atop the sea surface that provides an infrared signature for decoying and deception purposes.

Abstract: A projectile, particularly for nonlethal active components. The projectile has a disintegratable shell with pyrotechnic means. The projectile has two or more shell layers made of explosive foil, each alternating with another shell layer made of supportive foil material, between a radially outer shell layer made of supportive foil material and a radially inner protective shell. The different layers made of explosive foil can be ignited sequentially when viewed radially from the outside to the inside.

Abstract: Improvements applied to the case of a smoke bomb.This invention relates to the envelope of a smoke bomb case.It consists, on the one hand, of a traditional wall (1), resistant to the pressure of the smoke bomb constituents (4) when it is the object of the exothermic reaction of the smoke bomb powder, once it has been initiated by an adequate technique. It comprises, on the other hand, at least one area of reduced resistance (3), formed by a relatively fine layer, the said area being covered by a cover (2) of a resistance comparable to the remainder of the traditional wall (1), and which is pierced by a large number of holes (6, 7, and 8).It is characterized by the fact that each hole (6 or 7 or 8) of said cover (2) has a warped form.

Abstract: Ammunition comprising a cylindrical case (1) with one of the closed ends having coaxially a concentric chamber (1a) capable of receiving a propulsive means for a projectile lodged in the case. The propulsive means consists of a blank cartridge (2) lodged in a diffusing means (3), the cartridge and diffusing means assembly being inserted into the coaxial chamber of the case.

Abstract: A method for precipitating atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols, including iodide based complex multicomponent aerosol compositions. The compositions comprise a solid mass formed by a compacted mixture of silver iodide and the iodides, iodates, and periodates of alkali metals, lead, copper, barium; ammonia, barium chromate, and selected oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, and fuels such as poly-p-phenylene, phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxide resin, and shellac and mixtures thereof. The compositions, upon burning, produce an aerosol effective to promote atmospheric water precipitation.

Abstract: Rather than physically disabling tactical armored vehicles such vehicles can be rendered equally ineffectual as weapon systems by attenuating or distorting the electromagnetic radiation necessary to their control, communications, and target acquisition ability. This objective can be achieved by blanketing a portion of such vehicles with a rigid polymeric foam within which is dispersed metallic flakes. Upon activation of the foaming system by a proximity fuse foam is generated and ejected from the warhead. The foam expands and solidifies on ports, emitters or receptors of tactical armored vehicle, generally within a second or so after delivery, attenuating or distorting visible, radio-frequency, and microwave radiation sufficiently to destroy the effectiveness of the vehicle. The surface condition of the vehicle is of secondary importance, as chemical adhesion is not relied upon.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical initiation of detonation of a fuel-in-air (FAE) cloud such as might be used in a minefield breaching system. A component of the system is adapted to carry fuel to the breaching site and is also adapted to carry a compatible chemical, either gaseous or liquid. Upon detonation of a suitable explosive within the component the fuel is dispersed outwardly to form the cloud and the chemical is jetted outwardly into the cloud in a turbulent manner. A chemical reaction between the chemical initiator and the fuel-air mixture leads almost instantaneously to an explosive shock wave that propagates through the cloud causing detonation thereof. Such detonation neutralizes the minefield along a desired path. With the invention it is not necessary to utilize secondary charges and hence a more efficient and reliable breaching system is achieved.

Abstract: A smoke forming composition is provided suitable for being explosively dirsed in projectiles, bombs, grenades and the like munitions which is composed of a mixture of finely divided solid particles of smoke forming material and a liquid component in an amount sufficient to densify the solid particles of smoke forming materials to increase the bulk density thereof as well as reducing the danger of ignition or "flashing" of the smoke forming materials when explosively dispersed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile having an interior space in which disposable payloads and/or electronic components are arranged, and which are of a type intended to have an extended lifetime. To protect the interior components from corrosion, the interior space is filled with a protective gas, for example, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen, or a mixture of these gases. The protective gas may be present in the interior space at a greater than atmospheric pressure of, for example, three bar.

Abstract: The antitank-antipersonnel weapons of this invention are synergistic combinations of lens-compromising agents, radar-compromising agents, and human irritants.The lens-compromising agents opaque the external lenses of tank periscopes and gunsights, and the radar-compromising agents block radar signals, forcing tank crews to navigate tanks and aim weapons by direct observation through open hatches, and to don "gas" masks for protection against the human irritants.The lenses of protective masks are also opaqued by the weapons of this invention, and when they are, tanks, tank crews, and other personnel are functionally blind and unable to fight.

Abstract: A luring scent releasing arrow includes a hollow tubular metal shaft having a pad of absorbent material located within the shaft adjacent a group of openings through the wall of the shaft. A sleeve is mounted on the shaft for sliding movement forwardly of the shaft from a position in which the sleeve covers and seals all of the openings to a position where all of the openings are uncovered. This movement is induced by the impact of the arrow upon a targeted location. The absorbent pad is saturated with a scented liquid by unthreading a detachable blunted arrow head from the forward end of the shaft and pouring the liquid into the shaft.

Abstract: A method of defending against a warfare cloud of toxic aerosol utilizes a charged defensive aerosol which is sprayed into the cloud. The defensive aerosol is made of a defensive agent which may be chemically or biologically active. The agent is sprayed through charged nozzles to impart a charge to the aerosol. The charge should be at least several thousands of volts with respect to ground so that particles of the defensive aerosol combine and coagulate with particles of the toxic aerosol to neutralize and cause rapid settling of the warfare cloud.

Abstract: A weapon for use in a simulated war game which has the characteristics of a land mine and therefore does not require the user to be in proximity to a target when the weapon is activated. The weapon includes a housing having a first chamber adapted to contain a slurry of a marking agent and dispersing agent. A second chamber, communicating with the first chamber, is adapted to contain a propelling agent such as a cylinder of compressed gas for example. A trigger mechanism is operatively associated with an activator for the propelling agent to actuate the activator when the trigger mechanism is tripped. When the activator is actuated, the propellant is released into the first chamber to drive the slurry from such chamber through an opening into an exterior receptacle, which in turn directs the slurry in a desired pattern exteriorly of the housing.

Abstract: A laser weapon countermeasure method in which a chemical countermeasure is eployed into the atmosphere along a predetermined length that is located between that which is desired to be protected and a high power laser weapon so as to cause the laser energy emanating from said laser weapon to bloom and be dissipated when the laser energy is directed into the atmosphere containing said chemical countermeasure.

Abstract: New chemical compounds having the generic formula: ##STR1## wherein X is one equivalent of a monovalent or polyvalent anion; R and R' re methyl or ethyl radicals; R.sub.1, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2, R.sub.2 ' are hydrogen or a methyl radical; and Z is a radical selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl and having utility as incapacitating agents and in munitions.

Abstract: New chemical compounds having the generic formula: ##STR1## wherein X is one equivalent of an anion selected from monovalent and pollent anions, and R,R' and Z are aliphatic radicals selected from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl, and butyl, with the provision that when Z is a radical selected from the group of octyl, dodecyl, and cyclohexyl, R,R' are selected from methyl and ethyl groups, and having utility as incapacitating agents and in munitions.

Abstract: There is disclosing a novel dynamic seal for a projectile having an inter chamber for cylindrical canisters of discrete liquids wherein a circumferential gap is formed between adjacent canisters in said chamber. The seal comprises a ring member which is formed of an elastomeric material and possesses an annular chamber containing a deformable substance of relatively high density. The ring member is juxtaposed about said circumferential gap so that by the centrifugal force of the spinning projectile the ring member is deformed and forced radially against said gap, thereby sealing and preventing leakage of liquid through said gap.

Abstract: A hollow projectile, to be launched by rocket or fired from a cannon, has a central venturi tube that vents to the external environment near the forward end of the projectile. A pressurized liquid or a solid, combustible matrix that contains a gas or colloid producing material surrounds the venturi tube. This material is released through the venturi tube either by burning the matrix or by rupturing a diaphragm that retains the liquid. A timer, started by an accelerometer in response to the acceleration of the projectile when it is launched, fires an igniter or an explosive fuse to release the gaseous material. Spring loaded valve means, which normally closes the venturi tube, is forced open by gas pressure within the tube to permit discharge of gaseous material into the external environment. This valve means establishes a threshold pressure within the projectile that helps to ignite the matrix and to maintain combustion thereof, and to accelerate the gases being discharged from the projectile.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersing liquids, comprises a casing which houses a reservoir for the liquid to be dispersed. A plurality of nozzles communicate with the reservoir, in which the liquid is placed under pressure. Any of a variety of devices for initiating dispensing of the liquid can be provided. Among these are, in the case of an aerial bomb, an inertial mass that ruptures the nozzles to open them upon impact of the bomb, or a slow-burning charge the pressure of whose combustion gases is applied to the liquid, or a parachute whose pull moves parts of the apparatus relative to each other to open the nozzles. The nozzle can selectively dispense directly to the atmosphere, to form a spray, or dispense through filters to form an aerosol.

Abstract: An air burst munitions simulator which provides for the aerial dissemination of readily dispersable substance. A payload container adapted to contain the substance to be dispersed is launched into the air by a propellant charge, typically gunpowder. A time delay fuse assembly serves to detonate a high energy explosive charge which shatters the container to release the dispersible substance in air.

Abstract: A smoke cartridge for producing instantaneous smoke, particularly for screening a vehicle. A casing, preferably made of aluminum, has a first elongated compartment in which a plurality of annular smoke elements are stacked one above the other with a common central opening passing through all of them. A second compartment adjacent the first compartment has a discharge composition therein and a mechanism for igniting the same. When ignited, the discharge composition causes a jet of flames to pass through the central opening between the smoke elements, igniting the latter. A further compartment contains a further discharge composition, preferably ignited after a delay, for propelling the entire casing after the smoke elements have been discharged therefrom.

Abstract: A hollow projectile, to be launched by rocket or fired from a cannon, has a central venturi tube that vents to the external environment near the forward end of the projectile. A pressurized liquid or a solid, combustible matrix that contains a gas or colloid producing material surrounds the venturi tube. This material is released through the venturi tube either by burning the matrix or by rupturing a diaphragm that retains the liquid. A timer, started by an accelerometer in response to the acceleration of the projectile when it is launched, fires an igniter or an explosive fuse to release the gaseous material. Spring loaded valve means, which normally closes the venturi tube, is forced open by gas pressure within the tube to permit discharge of gaseous material into the external environment. This valve means establishes a threshold pressure within the projectile that helps to ignite the matrix and to maintain combustion thereof, and to accelerate the gases being discharged from the projectile.

Abstract: A waterproofed explosive charge is suspended within a frangible, spherical shell containing an aqueous solution. The assembly is dropped from an airplane or helicopter towards a fire below. Either a shock-actuated percussion cap or a fuse-ignited detonation cap activates the explosive charge at the appropriate moment and the resultant explosion creates a vapor-like fog. A portion of the combustion-supporting oxygen is displaced by the fog droplets. The minute water droplets also absorb heat energy, thereby lowering surrounding air and fuel temperatures. These effects, coupled with the concussive shock wave, act to snuff the fire.

Abstract: A mixture containing 3,3-bis(aziodomethyloxetane) and o-chlorobenzyl maloitrile for use as a riot-control gas.