Abstract: This invention relates to a method that can be used to scientifically fabricate pseudoscents of explosives, which, in their entirety, are comprised of non-energetic materials. It also discloses specific compositions of such pseudoscents, which can be used as energetically-inert-but-odoriferously-identical simulants for a range of explosives and are comprised of non-energetic components of the scent signature of an explosive and/or energetic scent components of the same headspace scent signature that have been rendered non-energetic. The scents achievable by the groups of formulations generated by this method encompass the different types of military and commercial explosives, and the components within the pseudoscents can be tuned to generate simulants representative of different qualities and quantities of such explosives.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for cooling a component inside a tool includes a container and a plurality of heat sinks positioned in the container. The components are positioned in the container with the heat sinks for maintaining a reduced temperature inside the container. Further, an insulating layer and a reflective layer surround the heat sinks and components to reduce heat transfer. Alternatively, the container can have a hollow wall that encloses the space in which a heat sink material (such as an eutectic material) is disposed. The components to be protected are located in the container. The eutectic material includes a composition having tin and zinc. The insulating layer includes a container that stores a vacuum layer, such as a dewar flask.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) comprises an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (14) having internal surfaces (48). The apparatus (10) also comprises an inflator (20) for directing gas (104) into the inflatable device (14) to inflate the inflatable device. The inflator (20) simultaneously directs a coating material (102) into the inflatable device to coat the internal surfaces (48) of the inflatable device (14) to decrease the permeability of the inflatable device to the gas.

Abstract: A lightweight aerosol dispenser enclosing a first component of an explosive nature is filled at a factory. A second component is supplied in a smaller container, separate from the dispenser, containing a predetermined amount of propellant. By providing separate containers for each of the explosive and propellant components, both components retain their classification as a flammable substance for transportation and storage purposes. However, in the field, the propellant is injected into the solution container immediately before use. Only after the two substance components have been mixed can an explosive composition be produced. If, for any reason, the explosive composition comprising a foam is not used, it can be washed away with water or will dissipate itself within a few hours.

Abstract: An autoignition system for use in an inflator or method of inflating includes a separator which divides a composition capable of spontaneous combustion or autoignition so that it cannot combust until the separator is removed or altered in form. The separator is made of a material which melts at a select temperature so that autoignition will occur upon melting of the separator. The system can also use the separator or a burst disc to sensitize a desensitized spontaneous combustion mixture to achieve autoignition at a desired temperature.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an electrical ignitor for a model rocket, including two insulated lead wires, with each lead wire having an uninsulated end. An element wire interconnects the uninsulated ends from each lead wire. The element wire forms a plurality of turns around one of the insulated lead wires. A pyrogen compound surrounds the element wire.

Abstract: A rock fragmentation system using Gold Schmidt method and process for blasting using the machine are provided, wherein the blasting machine has a capacitor bank, a switch, a high voltage electric power supply, a first charge dump and a second charge dump, and an electrode assembly which is connected to capacitor bank and switch with a coxial cable and electrodes at a lower end of the electrode assembly, wherein an aluminum and metal oxide composition of a predetermined mixture ratio is inserted between electrodes in a lower end of the electrode assembly for generating an instant reaction energy by discharging the electric energy.

Abstract: An intermetallic thermal sensor comprised of a hermetically sealed housing containing alternating layers of electronegative and active metals or their alloys in intimate contact. The layers may be wafer or washer-shaped. If washer-shaped, the holes in the wafers are aligned with each other to create a well within the housing and any extension thereof. A tubular-shaped liner extends into the well and may contain an energetic composition such as BKNO.sub.3. In one embodiment a thermite charge in the sensor can be ignited for venting applications. The active metal and electronegative metal and their alloys are selected so that when the melting point of one or both metals, alloys, or metal and alloy pairs has reached its or their melting point in response to external heat within a design range of the sensor, a vigorous exothermic reaction occurs to initiate a gas-producing reaction in the well or to ignite the thermite for operation of a cook-off mitigation system.

Abstract: A system for reducing the temperature-dependent influence of the powder on the muzzle velocity of ammunition units on discharging of the ammunition units from a barrel of a large-caliber gun with high muzzle velocities includes a plurality of part charges having predetermined types, powder varieties, charge sizes and geometric dimensions of the powder, controlling unit for determining desired muzzle velocities based on predetermined parameters including influence of a powder temperature in the part charges during discharging from the barrel so that the desired muzzle velocity of respective ammunition units and barrel pressures do not exceed a predetermined acceptable value while ensuring the highest possible performance of the gun and for determining a corresponding predetermined combination of part charges to achieve the desired muzzle velocity, and selecting and assembling devices responsive to the signal from the controlling unit for selecting predetermined combinations of part charges from a plurality of

Abstract: A device for controlling discharge of ammunition units from the barrel of a gun in sequence with muzzle velocities within a large velocity range, enables simultaneous activation of the ammunition units on a target area. The device comprises a plurality of part charges having different predetermined compositions including sizes, types, powder varieties, powder dimensions, and being combinable into plurality of selected combinations defining total charges. A controlling device is provided for receiving information regarding the firing parameters and parameters influencing muzzle velocity including powder temperature of the part charges and pressure in the gun barrel and for calculating relevant velocities from the large range of velocities which allow for plurality of sequentially fired ammunition units to simultaneously arrive at the target area.

Abstract: A one-shot thermal fuse mounted directly on the casing of a centrifugal pump to prevent overheating and concentration of ammonium nitrate. The thermal fuse is screwed into a standard pipe coupling welded to a designated location on the pump casing. The thermal fuse has an electrical contact connected in the pump control circuit. A compressed spring is prevented from urging the electrical contact into an open position by a pellet of fusible material which is designed to melt at a desired threshold temperature below the temperature at which ammonium nitrate explodes. If the heat produced by the pump melts the pellet of fusible material, the spring is released, thereby opening the electrical contact and shutting off the pump. Alternatively, the temperature-sensitive element mounted on the pump casing can be a thermocouple or a temperature switch having a bimetallic element.

Abstract: A structure for attenuating explosive shock waves to prevent propogation of accidental explosions by sympathetic detonation of adjacent explosives comprising bidirectionally symmetric layers of material of consecutively increasing or decreasing acoustic impedance laminated about a center layer. The structure may be made by combining several materials, as in consecutive layers of aluminum, plastic, and a rigid foam surrounding on both sides a layer of steel; or, two materials, as in a center layer of Kevlar.TM. surrounded on both faces with layers of plastic. The plies comprising the layer of Kevlar.TM. are canted with respect to the plastic layers.

Abstract: A safe and arm device, which has an explosive train interrupted by a void establish a safe condition, has the void filled with a liquid explosive to establish an armed condition. The void may be in a device in which the liquid explosive is motivated by fluid pressure corresponding to free-fall or other velocities. The void may be a chamber portion filled with the liquid explosive by expansion of a bladder. Premature arming may be prevented by forming the explosive liquid from nonexplosive liquids mixed by rupture of a bladder or by melting a solid explosive.

Abstract: To deploy an inflatable member, such as an occupant restraint safety bag in a motor vehicle, a liquid propellant is expelled from a storage reservoir into a reaction chamber through ports created at frangible pressure points in the reservoir wall and ignited by detonation of an explosive charge to generate a non-toxic, bag inflating gas by exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A binary munition system comprising at least two non-explosive ingredients hat combine in flight to form a relatively safe explosive. The combination of said non-explosive ingredients for the purpose of forming safe explosives is novel.The binary munition stores the non-explosive ingredients in separate compartments which utilize membranes, bags or containers to facilitate the separation. The munition is equipped with means in which to rupture the compartments upon launch or fire. The purpose of the munition is to maintain separation of the non-explosive ingredients and to achieve mixing of the ingredients upon launch or fire of said munition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for forming an explosive and more particularly to a system that is portable, self-contained and is capable of mixing essentially non-explosive ingredients from separate containers or separate compartments within a container to form an explosive. The system is particularly adaptable for military or tactical applications.

Abstract: A rotational projectile having a hollow, metallic nose portion (1) containing a charge adapted to detonate by impact against a target without the use of a fuse, whereby the nose portion, rearwardly of either a detonatable charge (2) or a component of such a charge, contains a second component (3) situated in an axially through-going and forwardly diverging channel (5) in a non-metallic insert (4) in the nose portion (1).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a smoke-producing pyrotechnical ammunition to shield the visible and infrared radiance in a wave length included between 0.4 and 14 .mu.m emitted by a target. First we produce instantly a first hot aerosol with a fast pyrotechnical composition, which masks the target through diffusion in the visible spectrum and with its emitting potential in the infrared zone. Then, we produce a second aerosol which contains hot carbon particles of which the size is included between 1 and 14 .mu.m with a slow pyrotechnical composition for shielding mainly through diffraction the thermal image emitted by the target. The fast composition includes zinc and zinc oxide, potassium perchlorate, hexachlorobenzene or hexachloroethane powder and a binding agent. The slow composition includes a compound which generates carbon particles of 1 to 14 .mu.

Abstract: A method of combining explosive compositions prepared from commercially available nitric acid and a common industrial solvent is disclosed herein which exhibits exceedingly high blasting strengths. The compositions are relatively more stable than conventional shaped charge explosives such as HMX or RDX and far less expensive. The compositions are transported separately to the blasting site where the compositions are combined in ambient temperature for immediate use.

Abstract: Methods of detecting the presence and extent of hydrocarbon accumulations in subterranean formations are provided comprising introducing a first gas into the formation having the property of being substantially unreactive with the formation and with water contained therein but forming a combustible mixture with hydrocarbons and introducing a second gas into the formation having the property of being substantially unreactive with the formation and water but being explosively reactive with the first gas when mixed therewith in the presence of hydrocarbons. The second gas is mixed with the first gas in the formation and when in the presence of hydrocarbons the mixture explodes thereby generating seismic waves which travel through the earth to the surface thereof. The seismic waves are detected on the surface to thereby determine the presence and extent of the hydrocarbon accumulations in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A blasting cap is detonated to convey a shock wave to thereby initiate the explosion of an explosive charge by means of a remotely operable pressurized fluid operated blasting cap detonating device including a fluid pressure operating piston, a compression spring operable to absorb energy from the piston, and a striking pin operable for release by engagement thereof by the piston and then operable for final movement in response to force from the compression spring.