Pore Forming Patents (Class 106/122)
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Patent number: 4385135Abstract: Flexible intumescent sheet materials containing low density filler components to provide low density mounting mats which reduce the mount density to prevent ceramic diesel particulate monolith cracking are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1982Date of Patent: May 24, 1983Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Roger L. Langer, Alan J. Marlor
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Patent number: 4371573Abstract: The electroless deposition of nickel coatings on metals and metal alloy is accomplished with aqueous baths which contain 10-50 g/l of a fluorine-containing nickel compound; 40 to 200 g/l diammonium hydrogen citrate; 20 to 100 g/l ammonium hydrogen difluoride; 5 to 50 g/l 2-hydroxy-4-methyl benzoic acid, (2,4-cresotinic acid); 0.0005-0.05 g/l copper salt; and 10-100 g/l sodium hypophosphite. Nickel fluoride and nickel (II)-hydroxide carbonate dissolved in hydrofluoric acid have been found particularly advantageous. Smooth and uniform, corrosion-resistant coatings are obtained also on complicated formed parts of magnesium and magnesium alloys.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1981Date of Patent: February 1, 1983Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Herbert Januschkowetz, Hans Laub
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Patent number: 4368223Abstract: A nickel layer is prepared by applying a nickel salt and a reducing agent for reducing said nickel salt, on a substrate and reducing said nickel salt by a chemical reaction. The chemical reduction is carried out in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine, and imidazole.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1981Date of Patent: January 11, 1983Assignee: Asahi Glass Company, Ltd.Inventors: Takayuki Kobayashi, Ryo Tamamura
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Patent number: 4355097Abstract: Disclosed are tellurium (IV) compounds represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: D is a Lewis base function containing a group VA or VIA donor atom;Q represents the atoms necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring, when taken together with C, D and Te, when m is 1 and represents the atoms linking C and D when m is greater than 1;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl;X is an anion;n is 1 or 2; andm is an integer from 1 to 500.These compounds are useful in an image-forming combination comprising the described Te(IV) compound and a reducing agent. The image-forming combination is useful in a variety of materials, including a dry amplification element.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1980Date of Patent: October 19, 1982Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Henry J. Gysling, Sylvia A. Gardner
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Patent number: 4348237Abstract: An additive composition and a method for using same are disclosed. The additive is useful in preparation of foamed bitumens such as asphalt used in manufacture of bituminous pavements. The additive is comprised of a metal stearate and a carrier oil, and is added to asphalt used to manufacture asphalt foam compositions to improve the foaming characteristics of the asphalt.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1980Date of Patent: September 7, 1982Assignee: Conoco Inc.Inventor: P. Jay Ruckel
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Patent number: 4341876Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the production of a foamable mixture from at least two fluid, foam forming reactants and aggregates, in which the aggregate is added to one of the reactants and the resulting preliminary mixture is then mixed with the other reactant.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1980Date of Patent: July 27, 1982Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl D. Kreuer, Klaus Schulte
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Patent number: 4340428Abstract: A semi-permeable asymmetrical membrane, useful for water desalting by reve osmosis and comprising cellulose acetate polymer, is formed from a casting solution in which there is incorporated, as a swelling medium, organophilic bentonite, that is, bentonite (preferably Montmorillonite) which has been directly reacted with di-methyl-di-stearyl (quaternary) ammonium chloride to have had its exchangeable cations replaced by long-chain hydrocarbons. The bentonite is swelled in dioxane, and the solution also includes acetone, equal parts of cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate, acetic acid and methanol. The steps of casting, cold water immersion and annealing are generally conventional. Incorporation of the bentonite results in high salt restraining capacity along with high product water flow and good flow stability.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1980Date of Patent: July 20, 1982Assignee: Gesellschaft fur Kernenergieverwertung in Schiffbau und Schiffahrt GmbHInventors: Karl W. Boddeker, Axel Wenzlaff
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Patent number: 4336070Abstract: A process for producing a porous shaped material of acylated chitin derivative wherein a soluble derivative of chitin is acylated, characterized in that an aqueous solution of the derivative of chitin containing a diluent, a porosity-regulating agent and a surfactant is added into a solution of an organic acid anhydride containing a surfactant.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1980Date of Patent: June 22, 1982Assignee: Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Junichi Koshugi
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Patent number: 4331547Abstract: A thermal insulating foam is provided which is made from a collagen protein such as clear animal glue; and a method of making such a foam is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1980Date of Patent: May 25, 1982Inventors: Everett J. Stotts, Glenn S. Arbuthnot
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Patent number: 4328319Abstract: A process is provided for preparing propellant compositions including a film-forming synthetic polymer that are capable of forming foamed structures containing open and/or closed cells, which may optionally contain a material which is deposited in the pores and/or walls of the structure as the structure is formed, which comprises coating the synthetic polymer in particulate form with an inert solid material insoluble in the propellant and in solutions of the synthetic resin the propellant at atmospheric temperature; and then adding the propellant and dissolving the synthetic polymer in the propellant.Type: GrantFiled: October 27, 1980Date of Patent: May 4, 1982Assignee: Restech Research Limited PartnershipInventors: Lloyd I. Osipow, J. George Spitzer
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Patent number: 4325737Abstract: Organic foams having a low density and very small cell size and method for producing same in either a metal-loaded or unloaded (nonmetal loaded) form are described. Metal-doped foams are produced by soaking a polymer gel in an aqueous solution of desired metal salt, soaking the gel successively in a solvent series of decreasing polarity to remove water from the gel and replace it with a solvent of lower polarity with each successive solvent in the series being miscible with the solvents on each side and being saturated with the desired metal salt, and removing the last of the solvents from the gel to produce the desired metal-doped foam having desired density cell size, and metal loading. The unloaded or metal-doped foams can be utilized in a variety of applications requiring low density, small cell size foam. For example, rubidium-doped foam made in accordance with the invention has utility in special applications, such as in x-ray lasers.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 1980Date of Patent: April 20, 1982Assignee: The United States Department of EnergyInventor: James A. Rinde
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Patent number: 4324589Abstract: This invention relates to monitoring the concentration of a component dissolved in solution where the component imparts a perceptible color to the solution and varies in concentration with use of the solution.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1980Date of Patent: April 13, 1982Assignee: Shipley Company Inc.Inventors: Michael Gulla, Barry J. Hartnett
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Patent number: 4312980Abstract: A solution of cellulose triacetate in a mixed solvent consisting essentially of a chlorinated hydrocarbon with a boiling point lower than that of an aqueous medium and an aliphatic higher alcohol with 6 or more than 6 carbon atoms is suspended into the aqueous medium to form droplets of the above-mentioned solution, and then the chlorinated hydrocarbon in the droplets is removed by evaporation to obtain spherical particles of cellulose triacetate containing the aliphatic higher alcohol. The spherical particles thus obtained are saponified and removed of the aliphatic higher alcohol, to prepare porous cellulose spherical particles.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1980Date of Patent: January 26, 1982Assignees: Chisso Corporation, Yoshiaki MotozatoInventors: Yoshiaki Motozato, Hiroaki Ishibashi
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Patent number: 4296207Abstract: Residue from dressing bauxite is mixed with NaCl and ground; polyurethane foam is ground and mixed with CaCl.sub.2 ; a silicon organic compound and quartz powder is added to one or both of the ground mixtures; the grains are embedded in bituminous material or asphalt to be used for making a surface road, being protected against frost by these salts. Specific examples and method steps are described.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1980Date of Patent: October 20, 1981Assignee: Mannesmann AktiengesellschaftInventor: Werner Siegmund
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Patent number: 4272388Abstract: An injectable thixotropic material for use as insulating material, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of 250-1500 parts by weight of water, 5-70 parts by weight of binder, 1-10 parts by weight anionic or cationic wetting agent, 10-100 parts by weight of mineral wool, 30-300 parts by weight of expanded vermiculite, optionally 1-10 parts by weight of ammonia, and optionally a difficulty fusible ballast material.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 1980Date of Patent: June 9, 1981Inventor: Harald Wermelin
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Patent number: 4269625Abstract: Method of currentless deposition of tin on a catalytic surface by means of a highly alkaline solution which contains stannous ions in a quantity of at least 0.20 mole/l and is used at temperatures of 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. The solution operates on the basis of the mechanism of disproportioning of stannous ions. The tin deposition is, however, accelerated by means of a strong reducing agent such as a hypophosphite.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 1979Date of Patent: May 26, 1981Assignee: U.S. Philips CorporationInventor: Arian Molenaar
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Patent number: 4256734Abstract: A method is provided for making road surface coatings by depositing a layer of chippings on a hydrocarbon binder in the form of a foam and wherein the thickness of the foam is substantially equal to the maximum dimension of the chippings and thereafter compacting the resulting product mixture.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 1977Date of Patent: March 17, 1981Inventor: Rene Smadja
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Patent number: 4255202Abstract: Viscous, flowable, pressure-compensating fitting materials or compositions having low density, sturdy, glass microbeads distributed therein, which are suitable for a variety of uses and applications, including, but not limited to, fitting pads for footwear, cushioning structures, medical devices, hand grips, or the like.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1979Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Hanson Industries Inc.Inventor: Jack C. Swan, Jr.
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Patent number: 4239846Abstract: Disclosed are tellurium (IV) compounds represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: D is a Lewis base function containing a group VA or VIA donor atom;Q represents the atoms necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring, when taken together with C, D and Te, when m is 1 and represents the atoms linking C and D when m is greater than 1;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl;X is an anion;n is 1 or 2; andm is an integer from 1 to 500.These compounds are useful in an image-forming combination comprising the described Te(IV) compound and a reducing agent. The image-forming combination is useful in a variety of materials, including a dry amplification element.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 1978Date of Patent: December 16, 1980Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Henry J. Gysling, Sylvia A. Gardner
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Patent number: 4235836Abstract: The invention relates to thermally insulating, fire resistant material and its production.A problem associated with fire resistant material comprising refractory material and a binder is the tendency, in use, of the material to disintegrate due to bond failure. In the invention, hollow particles of a glass or of a ceramic are combined with a binder to give a material where the proportions of binder are such that the material is capable of deformation at high temperatures (e.g. up to 1100.degree. C.) without fracture or loss of cohesion. A specific example consists of 93% by weight of hollow spherical particles of pulverized fuel ash and 7% by weight of sodium silicate binder. The material is particularly useful in the protection of steel structures.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1979Date of Patent: November 25, 1980Assignee: United Kingdom Atomic Energy AuthorityInventors: Leonard L. Wassell, Gerald B. Cole, Alan Briggs, James F. Pollock
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Patent number: 4230751Abstract: A method and treating material are presented for forming a mixed-carbide layer of at least one Va-Group element and of chromium on the surface of a carbon-containing ferrous-alloy material. A molten treating bath is prepared by introducing one or more Va-Group elements in oxide form and chromium in metal or alloy form or by introducing one or more Va-Group elements in metal or alloy form and at least one chromium oxide into a molten bath composed of boric acid, of at least one borate or of a mixture thereof. An article of carbon-containing ferrous alloy is immersed and maintained in the molten treating bath until a mixed-carbide layer is formed on its surface. The mixed-carbide layer formed on the surface of the article is very smooth, wear resistant and high-temperature-oxidation resistant.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 1978Date of Patent: October 28, 1980Assignees: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota, Chuo KenkyushoInventors: Noboru Komatsu, Tohru Arai, Hironori Fujita
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Patent number: 4225678Abstract: A process for manufacturing a foamed polymeric material from starting materials which include a bitumen and a hydroxy fatty oil is disclosed. In addition to the process itself, certain final products of the process are claimed.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 1979Date of Patent: September 30, 1980Assignee: George F. Thagard, Jr.Inventor: Santanu Roy
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Patent number: 4224133Abstract: An improved cathode for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or water, the cathode having been plated in an electroless plating bath containing a salt of Ni, Co or Fe in the presence of a hypophosphite and as a reducing agent, a sulfur or selenium containing compound.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1977Date of Patent: September 23, 1980Assignee: Showa Denko K.K.Inventor: Shuji Takahashi
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Patent number: 4219364Abstract: A process for producing a sulfur foam containing at least 50 weight percent sulfur which comprises contacting and reacting molten sulfur with phenol or an aliphatic polysulfide to thereby obtain a phenol-sulfur adduct or an aliphatic polysulfide-sulfur adduct and contacting and reacting the adduct with maleic anhydride at a temperature between about 100.degree. and 190.degree. C. to thereby obtain a sulfur foam. In the case of phenol, preferably the phenol is reacted with the sulfur in the presence of a hydroxide base.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1978Date of Patent: August 26, 1980Assignee: Chevron Research CompanyInventor: Gar L. Woo
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Patent number: 4208453Abstract: Diffusion coatings can be masked from portions of a workpiece by combination of layers, the outer one of which forms coherent strong shell that holds inner layer or layers in place. All ingredients of these layers can be materials such as nickel, nickel aluminide, chromium, chromic oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) and inert diluent that do not contaminate superalloys or even low alloy or plain carbon steels. Such a holding shell can also be used to retain on a workpiece surface a layer that causes formation of a diffusion coating. Low alloy steel conduit can be internally chromized and/or externally chromized or aluminized to make it more desirable for use as high pressure steam boiler heat exchange tubing. Nickel articles aluminized with deep Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3 layer that has outer skin more heavily aluminized can have aluminum correspondingly leached out from outer skin only.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1976Date of Patent: June 17, 1980Assignee: Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc.Inventor: Alfonso L. Baldi
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Patent number: 4199417Abstract: Aqueous alkaline bath composition for electroplating a black metallic co-deposit on ferrous and non-ferrous substrates comprised of an antimony-containing compound; a copper, nickel or zinc compound, and a strong base.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 1978Date of Patent: April 22, 1980Inventor: Mariano Borruso
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Patent number: 4194913Abstract: An aqueous bath useful in, and methods for, immersion plating of tin and tin-lead alloys which give greatly increased deposition rates and thicker coatings of better quality accomplished by incorporating into immersion plating tin bath compositions soluble plumbous salts in the amount from 0.5 grams per liter calculated on the basis of elemental lead to the maximum amount soluble in the bath and a sulphur-containing complexing agent for the tin and lead such as thiourea or a thiourea-type derivative; the bath solution contains stannous chloride, lead chloride, sodium hypophosphite (as a solubility enhancer) and with hydrochloric acid used as an agent for adjusting the pH in the resulting bath from 0.5 to 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1977Date of Patent: March 25, 1980Assignee: AMP IncorporatedInventor: Thomas F. Davis
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Patent number: 4193813Abstract: Method for making a collagen sponge including the following steps. Native collagen form of fibrillar protein is comminuted and homogenized in an acid environment; noncollagenous material is removed and residual collagen is mixed with water the pH of the resulting slurry is adjusted to 4.5 to 5.0 by the addition of acetic acid; gluteraldehyde is then added and the slurry poured into molds and frozen at approximately -10.degree. centigrade for approximately 20 hours. The frozen mass is then thawed, washed, and immersed in a wash of pH 8 to 9 for approximately 2 hours at 20.degree. centigrade. Sufficient reducing agent is added to the wash to create excess reducing equivalents. The sponge is then immersed in a buffer solution of pH 4 to 5 for a time sufficient to equilibrate to uniform pH. The sponge formed by the above method is then moistended and self-administered in the upper vault of the vagina proximal to the cervix. The sponge is then retained for a desired period, usually several days to one month.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 1976Date of Patent: March 18, 1980Assignee: Medi-Coll, Inc.Inventor: Milos Chvapil
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Patent number: 4190457Abstract: An inorganic xerogel is produced by contacting an inorganic hydrogel with a contacting system which comprises at least one organosilicon compound and thereafter heating the resulting hydrogel to remove essentially all the liquid components therein.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1978Date of Patent: February 26, 1980Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co.Inventor: Max P. McDaniel
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Patent number: 4189324Abstract: An electroless nickel plating solution is characterized by the addition of a small but effective amount of a source of gallium for improved stability and deposit properties.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1978Date of Patent: February 19, 1980Inventors: Michael Gulla, Christy Savas
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Patent number: 4172735Abstract: Flame resistant foam plastics of cellulose and kieselguhr or one of several types of mica such as roscoelite, lepidolite, biotite, phlogopite, vermiculite or muscovite where at least 80 percent by weight of the kieselguhr or the mica show grain sizes ranging from 0.4 to 650 microns and where the bulk density of the kieselguhr is less than 0.40 g./cc. and the bulk density of the mica is less than 0.37 g./cc.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1977Date of Patent: October 30, 1979Assignee: Akzona IncorporatedInventors: Arno Wegerhoff, Dieter Frank
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Patent number: 4171987Abstract: A micro-porous sheet having excellent thermostability which contains a cellulose ester as a basic component and 0.1 to 20 wt% of a cellulose ether based on the cellulose ester.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1975Date of Patent: October 23, 1979Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masaru Horiguchi, Nobuo Hiratsuka, Sumio Otani
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Patent number: 4168519Abstract: A capacitor having electrodes consisting essentially of 65-95 parts tin and 35-5 parts zinc.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1977Date of Patent: September 18, 1979Assignee: Erie Technological Products Inc.Inventor: Jerome J. Hertz
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Patent number: 4142909Abstract: The contraction of aqueous hydraulic cement mixtures is controlled by the addition thereto of a gas generating agent capable of generating gas in the mixture without the addition of activators or other agents. Gas generation may be controlled over an extended period of time so that even slow setting cementitious mixtures may have their shrinkage or contraction inhibited during setting and hardening.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1975Date of Patent: March 6, 1979Assignee: Construction Products Research, Inc.Inventor: Robert W. Gaines
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Patent number: 4131481Abstract: This specification relates to foams produced from ion leachable glass and a polycarboxylic acid.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1977Date of Patent: December 26, 1978Assignee: The British Petroleum Company LimitedInventors: Paul H. Drake, Colin J. Humphris, John E. Preedy
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Patent number: 4125648Abstract: A method for depositing electroless nickel on aluminum or aluminum alloy is described. The method is particularly useful for fabricating bonding pads on aluminum metallized semiconductor devices and for creating beam leads. The described method deposits a thick nickel layer directly on aluminum without the use of intermediate layers or surface activation as required in the prior art. The method basically comprises immersion in a stop-etchant which simultaneously removes aluminum oxide and activates the surface; immersion in a solution which activates the aluminum with nickel ions and deactivates mask material; and immersion in a novel electroless nickel bath. A technique for electrolessly depositing gold is also described.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 1978Date of Patent: November 14, 1978Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventor: Frederick Vratny
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Vibratory chemical reactor having insulation which acquires an electrostatic charge during vibration
Patent number: 4125378Abstract: The mantle of a vibratory spiral reactor is filled with powdery material for insulation which acquires an electrostatic charge during vibration, thereby providing air spaces and resisting compaction during operation of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1977Date of Patent: November 14, 1978Assignee: Varta Batterie AktiengesellschaftInventor: Hans von Dohren -
Patent number: 4122215Abstract: A method for depositing electroless nickel on aluminum or aluminum alloy is described. The method is particularly useful for fabricating bonding pads on aluminum metallized semiconductor devices and for creating beam leads. The described method deposits a thick nickel layer directly on aluminum without the use of intermediate layers or surface activation as required in the prior art. The method basically comprises immersion in a stop-etchant which simultaneously removes aluminum oxide and activates the surface; immersion in a solution which activates the aluminum with nickel ions and deactivates mask material; and immersion in a novel electroless nickel bath. A technique for electrolessly depositing gold is also described.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1976Date of Patent: October 24, 1978Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventor: Frederick Vratny
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Patent number: 4118449Abstract: Low-density microcellular foam having a cell size of not greater than 2 .mu.m and method of making by dissolving cellulose acetate in an acetone-based solvent, gelling the solution in a water bath maintained at 0-10.degree. C for a selected period of time to allow impurities to diffuse out, freezing the gel, and then freeze-drying wherein water and solvents sublime and the gel structure solidifies into low-density microcellular foam. The foam has a density of 0.065 to 0.6.times.10.sup.3 kg/m.sup.3 and cell size of about 0.3 to 2 .mu.m. The small cell size foam is particularly adaptable for encapsulation of laser targets.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1976Date of Patent: October 3, 1978Assignee: The United States of America as presprented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: James A. Rinde
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Patent number: 4115140Abstract: Improved building compositions are prepared by including in CaO-containing components/SiO.sub.2 -containing components admixtures a small amount of chemically precipitates silicic acid containing flourine as an impurity.A steam-cured building material preferably prepared by first pre-grinding sand with the chemically precipitated silicic acid and water, storing the resulting slurry for at least 0.5 hour and then mixing it with the CaO-containing component. The wet grinding and storing steps have been found to have a surprisingly favorable effect on the viscosity of the pumpable sand slurry and on the behavior of the risen mixture at the cutting.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1977Date of Patent: September 19, 1978Assignee: Intong ABInventors: Dieter Hums, Friedrich Hergeth, Werner Wetzig
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Patent number: 4110529Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing spherical particles, either homogeneous or porous, from polymer solutions, wherein a polymer solution is dispersed or suspended in a liquid dispersing medium incapable of dissolving the polymer and immiscible with the polymer solvent, and the emulsion thus obtained is poured, while stirring, into an excess of a polymer-coagulating liquid which is miscible with the polymer solvent but immiscible with the dispersing medium, whereafter the two liquid phases are separated from each other and from the spherical polymer particles which are then isolated.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 1975Date of Patent: August 29, 1978Assignee: Ceschoslovak akademie vedInventor: Vladimir Stoy
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Patent number: 4104077Abstract: A porous inorganic product which is excellent in acoustic absorptivity and filtration efficiency and is high in strength is produced by bringing suitably sized organic foam particles, which have elasticity and can be shrunk greatly by heating or can be dissolved in a solvent, into contact with one another under pressure so as to deform each thereof, filling the gaps present between the organic foam particles with an inorganic binder such as cement, hardening the inorganic binder to form a hardened material, and shrinking the organic foam particles contained in the hardened material.Type: GrantFiled: November 11, 1976Date of Patent: August 1, 1978Assignees: The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., Nihon Cement Co., Ltd., Asano Pole Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kazuaki Kobayashi, Noboru Takaha, Masao Katsuragi
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Patent number: 4093466Abstract: Salt compositions and baths thereof useful in, and methods for, immersion plating of tin and tin-lead alloys which give greatly increased deposition rates and thicker coatings of better quality accomplished by incorporating into immersion plating tin bath compositions soluble plumbous salts in the amount of from 0.5 grams per liter calculated on the basis of elemental lead to the maximum amount soluble in the bath and a sulphur-containing complexing agent for the tin and lead such as thiourea or a thiourea-type derivative. Preferably the salt elements are stannous chloride, lead chloride, sodium hypophosphite (as a solubility enhancer) and with hydrochloric acid used as a agent for adjusting the pH in the resulting bath from 0.5 to 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1975Date of Patent: June 6, 1978Assignee: AMP IncorporatedInventor: Thomas Francis Davis
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Patent number: 4077890Abstract: Composition for imparting desirable properties to fabric on clothes comprising a water-soluble or dispersible adhesive such as a gum or polymeric resin and at least one adjuvant, capable of imparting desirable properties to the fabric on clothes such as a fabric softener, for example. The composition is quickly disintegrable upon application of heat and moisture to release the adjuvant on the fabric on clothes while leaving substantially no residue of gum thereon or in the surrounding environment, such as a clothes dryer. It can be in a foamed or unfoamed condition but is preferably foamed and made by mixing the constituents, that is, the gum and adjuvant, and then whipping the mixture where a foam is desired and subsequently drying the mixture to form the composition.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1974Date of Patent: March 7, 1978Inventor: Graham Barker
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Patent number: 4076656Abstract: Method of producing porous synthetic plastic compositions by blending into a polymer at least about 45 volume percent of a plastic-insoluble, water soluble particulate material and a liquid at processing temperatures, capable of forming channels between the solid particles. The blend is then formed into any desired product such as by calendering, extruding or molding and thereafter the water soluble particulate matter and channel forming liquid are leached with water from the product to form a porous plastic.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 1973Date of Patent: February 28, 1978Assignee: DeBell & Richardson, Inc.Inventors: LeRoy A. White, William H. Holley
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Patent number: 4064282Abstract: Starch sponge products having improved thermal stability and handling characteristics. Process of preparing same employing heat stable gum systems.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1975Date of Patent: December 20, 1977Assignee: General Mills, Inc.Inventors: Curtis H. Hallstrom, Brian E. Glass, Ali R. Touba, George V. Daravingas
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Patent number: 4045238Abstract: Regenerated cellulose sponges of incresed absorbency and rate of absorption formed by impregnating the sponge material with a solution or dispersion containing from 0.005 to 0.25% of a water-soluble or water-dispersible, high molecular weight, hydrophylic, film-forming polymer, drying the impregnated sponge and compressing it. The presence of the film-forming polymer allows the cutting of desired shaped individual sponges from the treated sponge material with a minimal formation of lint particles on the cut surfaces.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 1975Date of Patent: August 30, 1977Assignee: Avicon, Inc.Inventors: Orlando A. Battista, Richard L. Ward
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Patent number: 4043825Abstract: In the production of a gypsum-based porous body of high strength by foaming a gypsum-water mixture containing alkali, hydrogen peroxide and a decomposition catalyst therefor, the improvement which comprises including in said mixture an acid-reacting compound with active hydrogen atoms in a quantity insufficient for complete neutralization of the alkali. The alkali is preferably calcium and/or magnesium oxide and/or hydroxide and the preferred acid-reacting compounds are phosphates and/or sulfates, especially potassium hydrogen phosphates. The acid-reacting compound is employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize about 5 to 50% of the alkali, the final pH being about 12 to 12.5.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 1975Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Martin Muller, Friedrich Hinsche, Gerhard Winter, Karl Brandle
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Patent number: 4040850Abstract: In the production of a gypsum-based porous body of high strength by foaming a gypsum-water mixture, the improvement which comprises including in said mixture about 0.1 to 1 part of a water-soluble aluminum compound per 100 parts by weight of gypsum, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide in such a quantity that the final mixture has a pH-value in the range of about 10 to 13, a decomposition catalyst, and about 0.5 to 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, expressed as a 35% solution, per 100 parts by weight of mixture, the ratio of solids to liquid being about 1 : 0.4 - 1.The preferred aluminum compound is aluminum nitrate. The preferred decomposition catalysts are manganese compounds such as manganates or permanganates, e.g. potassium permanganate.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 1975Date of Patent: August 9, 1977Assignee: Bayer AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hans Kyri, Karl Brandle, Martin Muller, Heinrich Heine
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Patent number: RE30434Abstract: Salt compositions and baths thereof useful in, and methods for, immersion plating of tin and tin-lead alloys which give greatly increased deposition rates and thicker coatings of better quality accomplished by incorporating into immersion plating tin bath compositions soluble plumbous salts in the amount of from 0.5 grams per liter calculated on the basis of elemental lead to the maximum amount soluble in the bath and a sulphur-containing complexing agent for the tin and lead such as thiourea or a thiourea-type derivative. Preferably the salt elements are stannous chloride, lead chloride, sodium hypophosphite (as a solubility enhancer) and with hydrochloric acid used as a agent for adjusting the pH in the resulting bath from 0.5 to 1.0.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1978Date of Patent: November 11, 1980Assignee: AMP IncorporatedInventor: Thomas F. Davis