Abstract: The invention provides resin- and mineral oil-free pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions, comprising 55%-100% by weight of a copolymer of propylene and one or more further monomers selected from the group composed of ethylene and 1-olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the copolymer has been prepared with the aid of metallocene catalysts and is characterized by a. a melt viscosity at 170° C. of 20 to 8000 mPas (DIN 53019); b. a density of 0.84 to 0.90 g/cm3 (23° C., ISO 1183); c. a glass transition temperature of less than ?30° C. (DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014); and d. a flow point, measured according to ASTM D97, of less than 50° C., which due to their permanently tacky properties are suitable as pressure-activated pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides solid compositions comprising a sorbent and an active composition, as well as delivery devices comprising the solid compositions. The disclosure also provides methods of making the solid compositions, as well as methods of utilizing the solid compositions as a pest repellant and as attractant for targets.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to wall repair compounds such as joint compounds, spackling compounds, and the like used to repair imperfections in walls or fill joints between adjacent wallboard panels. Particularly, the present invention relates to such a wall repair compound comprising a dust reduction additive that reduces the quantity of airborne dust generated when the hardened compound is sanded and also exhibits improved adhesive properties. The dust reduction additive also imparts adhesion to the wall repair compounds to which it is added, for example to a joint compound. The dust reduction additive is a powder prepared from colloidally-protected, wax-based microstructure dispersions.

Abstract: A snow equipment wax composition including at least 65 wt % of candelilla wax and sunflower wax; at least 20 wt % of pillar blend soy wax; and up to 15 wt % of one or more additional materials selected from the group of additional waxes, natural plant oils, and hydrogenated plant oils.

Abstract: Wax compositions are provided with improved properties for various applications, such as coating of composite cellulosic materials, e.g., composite wood material, more specifically oriented strand board. As described herein, wax compositions include a kinematic viscosity measured at 100° C. of ?13.1 mm2/s; and a contact angle on glass of ?34.4°, which provide enhanced water proofing properties. The wax composition may have a flash point of greater than 450° F. Wax composition are provided with improved properties for candle jars. As described herein, candle jar wax compositions include 150N foots oil and 600N slack wax. The wax composition can include up to about 80% 150N foots oil.

Abstract: An improved surface material is particularly suited for non-turf baseball field applications such as the pitcher's mound and base paths. The material generally comprises clay, wax, alkane fluid and sand and has a putty-like consistency. Cleats can penetrate the material but are not likely to pull it out in clumps upon removal of the cleats. Method for forming the surface includes spraying emulsified wax and/or alkane fluid on a surface and mixing it with the surface material.

Abstract: A shingle coating asphalt composition is provided that is produced from a paving grade asphalt. The shingle coating asphalt composition comprise a paving grade asphalt that has been overblown to achieve a first penetration value that is at or below about 15 dmm and a first softening point that is at least about 210° F. The shingle coating composition may further include an additive that is included in an amount to achieve a second softening point that is less than about 230° F. and a second penetration value that is between about 15 and 20 dmm. The additive may comprise at least one ester. The inventive shingle coating asphalt composition may be thermally stable at processing temperatures of at least 450° F.

Abstract: A foamable polymeric mixture is provided that includes a polymer composition and at least one blowing agent. The blowing agent may comprise any blowing agents known not to deplete the ozone or increase the prevalence of global warming, such as CO2, HFO, HFC and mixtures thereof. The foamable polymeric mixture may further includes at least one processing aid comprising an organic phase changing material. The inventive foamable mixture is capable of processing at a pressure range of 800 to 1200 psi (5.5 to 8.3 MPa).

Abstract: A photoacoustic measurement device having a puncture needle, where the puncture needle 14 is a hollow needle that has an opening formed at a tip thereof. The puncture needle 14 includes a puncture needle body 31 and a light guide 32. The light guide 32 extends in a longitudinal direction of the puncture needle body. The light guide 32 emits light at least in part to the puncture needle body 31 while guiding light emitted from a light source toward the tip of the puncture needle body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon wax composition with superior properties as ozone- and aging-protecting additive in rubber products, the production thereof and the use thereof as ozone- and aging-protecting additive. The hydrocarbon wax composition is characterized by its distribution of hydrocarbon molecules by number of carbon atoms per hydrocarbon molecule and its distribution of branched and linear hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wax composition comprising one or more fatty acid diester compounds having the formula of R1 and R2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C50 alkyl or aryl; and n1 is an integer from 2 to 10. This invention also relates to a wax composition comprising: a) one or more fatty acid monoester or diester compounds having the formula of: and b) one or more hydroxylated fatty acid diester compounds having the formula of In these formulae, R is H or COR1?; R1? and R2? are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C4 to C50 alkyl or aryl; n2 is an integer from 2 to 24; m is an integer from 2 to 12; and .(OH)m represents 2 to 12 hydroxyl groups substituting for 2 to 12 hydrogen atoms in the alkyl groups R1? and/or R2?. Uses of the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Thermally stable built-up roofing asphalt (“BURA”) composition comprising a paving grade asphalt is disclosed. The paving grade asphalt has been over-blown to a first softening point and an additive is included in an amount to achieve a second softening point. The additive comprises at least at least one ester. The BURA composition is thermally stable at processing temperatures of at least 450° F.

Abstract: A thermal interface material includes, in one exemplary embodiment, a polymer, a phase change material, a first thermally conductive filler having a first particle size, and a second thermally conductive filler having a second particle size. The first particle size is larger than the second particle size. A formulation for forming a thermal interface material and an electronic component including a thermal interface material are also provided.

Abstract: A wet coating composition useful for coating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate is provided. The composition includes two aqueous emulsions. The first emulsion includes an oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax and the second emulsion includes an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic amide copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic acid/acrylic amide copolymer wax or a mixture thereof. The oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax has a surface energy less than or equal to 2 m N/m being substantially dispersive energy. The wet coating composition when dried forms a coating having a surface energy ranging from 20 to 60 m N/m being the sum of dispersive and polar energies. A process for treating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate with the wet coating composition, a substrate coated and articles including the coated substrate are also described. The process involves a heating step to allow migration of the coating towards a core of the cellulosic fiber-based substrate.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising a diene rubber, a tackifier comprising a resin having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,500 to 2,500, and a wax is disclosed. The wax contains from 20.0 to 40.0 mass % of a linear saturated hydrocarbon having from 25 to 30 carbon atoms, from 8.0 to 18.0 mass % of a linear saturated hydrocarbon having from 35 to 40 carbon atoms, and from 1.0 to 6.0 mass % of a linear saturated hydrocarbon having 45 or more carbon atoms. The amount of the tackifier added is larger than the amount of the wax added.

Abstract: A one-part self-etching, self-priming dental adhesive having a pH of at most 2, which comprises an aqueous mixture containing (i) one or more polymerizable monomers optionally containing an acidic group, (ii) optionally one or more organic or inorganic acids, (iii) a polymerization initiator, and (iv) a thermal polymerisation inhibitor of the following formula (I): ?wherein R?1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. R?2, which may be the same or different if more than one R?2 is present, independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and c represents an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: Non-aqueous dental adhesive comprising a mixture containing (i) one or more polymerizable monomers optionally containing an acidic group, (ii) a polymerization initiator, and (iii) a thermal polymerization inhibitor of the following formula (I) wherein R?1 represents a hydrogen atom, or a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. R?2, which may be the same or different if more than one R?2 is present, independently represent a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and c represents an integer of from 1 to 4, and (iv) optionally an organic solvent.

Abstract: A shingle coating asphalt composition is provided that is produced from a paving grade asphalt. The shingle coating asphalt composition comprise a paving grade asphalt that has been overblown to achieve a first penetration value that is at or below about 15 dmm and a first softening point that is at least about 210° F. The shingle coating composition may further include an additive that is included in an amount to achieve a second softening point that is less than about 230° F. and a second penetration value that is between about 15 and 20 dmm. The additive may comprise at least one ester. The inventive shingle coating asphalt composition may be thermally stable at processing temperatures of at least 450° F.

Abstract: Select geopolymers are mixed, at high shear, with fluid fine tailings from an oil sand operation to increase the yield strength of deposits of the geopolymer-treated fluid fine tailings stream and to enhance the dewaterability of the deposits for meeting the regulated, minimum undrained shear strength of 5 kilopascals (kPa) in the fluid fine tailings deposited in the previous year.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to the field of plant propagation. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the propagation of vegetatively reproducing plants and plants and plant parts produced by such methods. The invention also provides encapsulated propagules. The invention also provides various end uses for the encapsulated propagules and for plants grown from the same. The invention also provides a method for the modification of the architecture of rhizomes and rhizomes having modified architecture and a method for the modification of the architecture of stem cuttings and stem cuttings having modified architecture. The invention also provides a coating for a propagule and a propagule coated therewith.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry that is useful upon being spray dried for the formation of a powder of hard material. The aqueous slurry includes starting powder components of the hard material. The slurry further includes an oxidation inhibitor, a surfactant in an amount between about 0.05 weight percent and about 0.30 weight percent of the weight of the starting powder components of the hard material, a binder, a defoamer and water in an between about 15 weight percent and about 30 weight percent of the weight of the weight of the starting powder components of the hard material. The aqueous slurry has a percent solids value that is between about 70 percent and about 85 percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blend of at least one boron source and at least one silicon source, wherein the blend comprises boron and silicon in a weight ratio boron to silicon within a range from about 5:100 to about 2:1, wherein silicon and boron are present in the blend in at least 25 wt %, and wherein the at least one boron source and the at least one silicon source are oxygen free except for inevitable amounts of contaminating oxygen, and wherein the blend is a mechanical blend of powders, and wherein particles in the powders have an average particle size less than 250 ?m. The present invention relates further to a composition comprising the blend a substrate applied with the blend, a method for providing a brazed product, and uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composition comprising a blend of at least one boron source and at least one silicon source, and the composition further comprises particles selected from particles having wear resistance properties, particles having surface enhancing properties, particles having catalytic properties or combinations thereof, wherein the blend comprises boron and silicon in a weight ratio boron to silicon within a range from about 3:100 wt:wt to about 100:3 wt:wt, wherein silicon and boron are present in the blend in at least 25 wt %, and wherein the at least one boron source and the at least one silicon source are oxygen free except for inevitable amounts of contaminating oxygen, and wherein the blend is a mechanical blend of particles in and the particles have an average particle size less than 250 ?m. The present invention relates further to a method for providing a coated product and a coated product obtained by the method.

Abstract: This invention relates to asphalt compositions. More specifically, this invention relates to asphalt binder compositions including asphalt, elemental sulfur and polyethylene wax, and methods of making the same. In some aspects, the invention provides a sulfur wax asphalt binder composition that includes a base asphalt having viscoelastic properties, an elemental sulfur, and a polyethylene wax. The polyethylene wax is combined with the base asphalt and the elemental sulfur to create the sulfur wax asphalt binder composition. The polyethylene wax is present in the sulfur wax asphalt binder composition in an amount effective to increase the viscoelastic properties as compared to the viscoelastic properties of the base asphalt.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wood product including using a water and wax mixture with wood particles in a production process of wood products, wherein the wax mixture includes a hydrocarbon wax, and a water-repellant material selected from the group consisting of (a) an asphaltite, (b) a polyolefin copolymer, (c) a polyolefin synthetic wax, and (d) combinations thereof, and forming a wood product.

Abstract: A process for treating a tailings stream comprises (a) contacting (1) a gelling agent and (2) an activator with said tailings stream to produce a gel; (b) entrapping solids including sand and clay, and other solid particles with the gel; and (c) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify to produce a trafficable deposit; wherein the tailings stream comprises water and solids, which solids comprise sand, clay and other solids particles, and wherein 5% by volume to 100% by volume of the solids have a particle size less than 0.05 mm, based on the total volume of the solids. The process may further comprises spreading the gel produced in step (a) or the trafficable deposit produced in step (c) over a surface. The present invention is particularly useful to treat tailings streams produced in processes to extract bitumen from oil sands ores.

Abstract: Latent dispersants were made by the hydrogenation of an alkyl ketene dimer, alkenyl ketene dimer, or ketene multimer. Adding the latent dispersant to paper or paperboard increased its resistance to water and water vapor while maintaining recyclability and repulpability. Additionally, provided is a method for increasing the repulpability of a wax coated paper or paperboard. Dispersants made by the hydrolysis of the alkyl ketene dimer, alkenyl ketene dimer, and ketene multimer are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a sealer to be used for a bolt including a sprayed preservative coating coated onto at least a threaded portion. The sealer contains a wax therein in the range of 1 to 10 mass % both inclusive.

Abstract: A method of producing a roofing shingle coating asphalt from a non-coating grade asphalt feedstock includes the following steps. The non-coating grade asphalt feedstock is partially blown to lower its penetration to a first penetration that is within or close to a target penetration range of the coating asphalt, and to raise its softening point to a first softening point that is lower than a target softening point range of the coating asphalt. A wax is added to the partially blown non-coating grade asphalt to further raise its softening point to a second softening point that is within the target softening point range to produce the coating asphalt. The wax may also be added during the blowing process. Resulting roofing coating asphalt compositions may comprise a paving grade asphalt and a wax, and yet still has desirable penetration, softening point and viscosity.

Abstract: An aqueous paint formulation having an aqueous basecoat and an aqueous dispersion having an at least partially neutralized ethylene copolymer wax, wherein the ethylene copolymer wax contains as comonomers in copolymerized form (A) 12-40 wt % of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid of formula (I), (B) 60-88 wt % of ethylene, and (C) 0-10 wt % of a further comonomer; or the ethylene copolymer was contains as comonomers in copolymerized form (A?) 5-50 wt % of a comonomer of formula (II), (B?) 50-95 wt % of ethylene, and (C?) 0-20 wt % of a further comonomer; wherein the ethylene copolymer wax comprising the comonomers (A), (B), and optionally (C) has a molecular weight Mw of 10000 to 150000 g/mol, and the ethylene copolymer wax comprising the comonomers (A?), (B?), and optionally (C?) has a molecular weight Mw of 5000 to 40000 g/mol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous dispersion comprising: (a) at least one solid wax particle having a particle size ranging from equal to or greater than 1 micron to about 100 microns and comprising at least one wax having a melting point of greater than 35° C.; (b) a surfactant mixture comprising at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one ionic surfactant; and (c) water. The aqueous dispersion may be employed in compositions capable of delivering benefits to various substrates, for example, keratinous substrates such as skin and hair.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified asphalt composition including a styrenic block copolymer and a vegetable wax as modifier. With lower viscosity at high temperatures as compared to the asphalt composition modified only with the styrenic block copolymer, it can be manufactured and used at lower temperatures. Also, with higher ductility at low temperatures, it can minimize fatigue crack even in cold weathers.

Abstract: A non-blown roofing grade bitumen composition comprising bitumen feedstock, polyolefin having a molecular weight of from about 800 to about 50,000 g/mol, and optionally one or more additives, wherein the softening point of the composition is above 70° C. as determined according to method ASTM D36 and the penetration of the composition is at least about 12 dmm at 25° C. as determined according to method ASTM D5. A method of making the same.

Abstract: An aqueous paint formulation having an aqueous basecoat and an aqueous dispersion having an at least partially neutralized ethylene copolymer wax, wherein the ethylene copolymer wax contains as comonomers in copolymerized form (A) 12-40 wt % of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid of formula (I), (B) 60-88 wt % of ethylene, and (C) 0-10 wt % of a further comonomer; or the ethylene copolymer was contains as comonomers in copolymerized form (A?) 5-50 wt % of a comonomer of formula (II), (B?) 50-95 wt % of ethylene, and (C?) 0-20 wt % of a further comonomer; wherein the ethylene copolymer wax comprising the comonomers (A), (B), and optionally (C) has a molecular weight Mw of 10000 to 150000 g/mol, and the ethylene copolymer wax comprising the comonomers (A?), (B?), and optionally (C?) has a molecular weight Mw of 5000 to 40000 g/mol.

Abstract: There is provided compositions and methods for producing three-dimensional objects by selective deposition modeling with a polar build material and a non-polar support material. The build material comprises a hydrocarbon wax material and a viscosity modifier, and the support material comprises a hydrocarbon alcohol wax material and a viscosity modifier. After the selective deposition modeling process has been completed, the object can be placed in a bath of polar solvent to remove the support material. The particular materials provided herein, and the post-processing methods associated therewith, provide for improved part quality of the three-dimensional object and for improved post-processing techniques. The three-dimensional objects can subsequently be used in a number of applications, such as patterns for investment casting.

Abstract: It is an additive that modifies the Theological properties of asphalt under warm conditions, and makes it possible to mix and compact asphalt mixtures with a reduction in temperature of up to 35° C., which is constituted by wax, an adhesion-improving additive and a fluxing agent, which reduces asphalt oxidation, causing it to be less-aged and more resistant to fatigue, reduces the interfacial tension between the aggregate and the asphalt, increases adhesion between them, making the mixture resistant to the damages caused by humidity, increases resistance to permanent deformation, causes gas emissions to be reduced and leads to savings in fuel consumption. The additive according to the invention has the following effects:—At high temperatures (between 100° C. and 160° C.), IT REDUCES the asphalt viscosity, as compared to asphalt without the additive.—At temperatures between 58° C. and 82° C., IT INCREASES the asphalt viscosity, as compared to asphalt without the additive.—At temperatures lower than 25° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing electrical and/or optical components, wherein a hot melt composition including an alkane based wax and an amorphous material as a masking material is used. The hot melt composition has a melting point of between 40° C. and 85° C. and a viscosity of between 5 and 20 mPa·s at not less than one temperature within the range of between 50° C. and 140° C. A hot melt composition includes between 40 weight % and 89.9 weight % of an alkane based wax; between 10 weight % and 50 weight % of an amorphous material; and between 0.1 weight % and 10 weight % of a phosphonium based ionic liquid. A system and a method for manufacturing electronic and/or optical components is provided, wherein after the etch processes and/or plating processes, the hot melt composition is removed from the substrate with the aid of hot water.

Abstract: The present invention is related to processes for the preparation of asphalt compositions including a step of adding an organosilane composition, including one or more quaternary organosilane compounds, to an asphalt binder to provide a stable foamed asphalt binder composition. The foamed asphalt binder composition can be mixed with, sprayed onto, or otherwise coated substantially over the outer surface on an aggregate to provide an asphalt composition suitable for a variety of paving applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a formulation for an antifouling coating system to be applied on submerged substrates. The invention is characterized in that the formulation contains at least 30 wt % of water relative to the total weight thereof, at least 10 wt % relative to the total weight thereof of a dry extract of a waterproofing agent selected from a silicone resin, a polyurethane resin, and/or a styrene acrylic copolymer resin either alone or mixed, and at least 5 wt % relative to the total weight thereof of a dry extract of an active anti-adhesion agent. The invention also relates to a method for processing substrates to be submerged using such a formulation, and to the use of such a formulation as an antifouling agent for deterring the attachment of marine organisms such as algae, shellfish and other crustaceans on any submerged substrate, and in particular ship hulls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a stabilizing composition comprising (a) an effective stabilizing amount of at least one merocyanine derivative having an absorption maximum of 350 to 400 nm, and (b) at least one UV filter selected from benzotriazole derivatives; and optionally (c) at least one excited state quencher; for the protection of body care and household products against the deleterious effects of light, heat and oxygen.

Abstract: In one aspect, support materials operable for use in 3D printing systems are described herein. In some embodiments, a support material comprises a wax component comprising at least one ethoxylated fatty alcohol and a viscosity modifying agent, wherein the support material is water dispersible. In some embodiments, the wax component comprises a mixture of at least one fatty alcohol and at least one ethoxylated fatty alcohol.

Abstract: In one aspect, support materials operable for use in 3D printing systems are described herein. In some embodiments, a support material comprises a wax component comprising at least one ethoxylated fatty alcohol and a viscosity modifying agent, wherein the support material is water dispersible. In some embodiments, the wax component comprises a mixture of at least one fatty alcohol and at least one ethoxylated fatty alcohol.

Abstract: It has been determined that sealant fluid formulations comprising a lubricant oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch waxes demonstrate performance comparable to sealant fluid comprising lubricants derived from polyalphaolefins (PAO's). The sealant fluids of the current invention can provide excellent performance properties similar to those provided by PAO based sealant fluids, but at lower cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low VOC coating additive employing a water-dispersible polymer, a water insoluble plasticizer, cyclohexanedimethanol, and optionally an amphiphilic component. The additive can be added to a coating to improve at least one performance characteristics of the coating, such as, wet-edge time, open time, scrub resistance, wet adhesion, and water resistance.

Abstract: A polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) compound for a bituminous covering layer of a roof sheet, predominantly including a distillation bitumen, in particular one which may contain a synthetic rubber filler in the form of SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) in an amount which modifies the properties of the distillation bitumen, wherein an additive which further modifies the bitumen is present in the form of a polymer, wherein the SBS-modified bitumen further modified by the additive has properties in respect of a softening point and penetration, wherein the polymer is polyethylene present in an amount ranging from 2.5 wt.-% to 7.5 wt.-%, the softening point is in a range between 70° C. and 170° C., and the penetration value is between 99 and 30 1/10 mm.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting an olefin wax with an oxidizing agent to produce an oxidized olefin wax, contacting the oxidized olefin wax with an odor-reducing material to produce an odor-reduced oxidized olefin wax, and removing water from the odor-reduced oxidized olefin wax. A composition comprising a product of a mixture of an oxidized olefin wax and an odor-reducing material, wherein the needle penetration of the composition is less than the oxidized alpha olefin wax in the absence of the odor-reducing material.

Abstract: A flotation device temporary repair composition comprising a wax and a metal silicate. Further ingredients may include mineral oil, elastomeric polymers, pigment agents and aroma agents. The repair composition is suitable for repairing a flotation device, such as a surfboard, by simple application into the damaged area to form an instant watertight seal, without the need for curing, and can be removed by hand at a later date to allow more permanent repair.

Abstract: Composite panels may be prepared using a moisture resistance additive having a formulation that includes a triglyceride having a saponification value of at least 150 and an iodine value of at least 35. The additive may be used in the form of a water emulsion. The water emulsion may be prepared by dispersing the components of the additive formulation under conditions sufficient to at least partially saponify the triglyceride. The moisture resistance additive can impart resistance to moisture absorption and thickness swelling to composite panels prepared therewith.

Abstract: A process for treating a tailings stream comprises (a) contacting (1) a gelling agent and (2) an activator with said tailings stream to produce a gel; (b) entrapping solids including sand and clay, and other solid particles with the gel; and (c) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify to produce a trafficable deposit; wherein the tailings stream comprises water and solids, which solids comprise sand, clay and other solids particles, and wherein 5% by volume to 100% by volume of the solids have a particle size less than 0.05 mm, based on the total volume of the solids. The process may further comprises spreading the gel produced in step (a) or the trafficable deposit produced in step (c) over a surface. The present invention is particularly useful to treat tailings streams produced in processes to extract bitumen from oil sands ores.

Abstract: A shipping structure is formed from a mixture of small pieces of tumbled glass. The shipping structure can incorporate a wick element to allow the shipping structure to function as a candle. The glass and wax may be from post-consumer materials. The shipping structure can be chilled for use in shipping of materials where cooling of shipped materials will be beneficial. Multiple shipping structures can be combined to house or shield shipped items within a container.