Abstract: A sensor element for gas sensors is described for determining gas components of a gas mixture, especially in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having at least one electrochemical measuring cell and at least one porous layer that is exposed to the gas mixture. The porous layer contains palladium, platinum, ruthenium, an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, the platinum being contained in the porous layer at a minimum concentration of 1.5 wt. %. Furthermore, a method and an impregnating solution are described for producing the sensor element.

Abstract: A support material for use with a digital manufacturing system, the support material comprising at least one inorganic ionic compound and is configured to be deposited with the digital manufacturing system using a layer-based additive technique to form a support structure for supporting at least one overhanging region of a three-dimensional model built with the digital manufacturing system.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe paint for application to an exhaust pipe base includes an inorganic glass particle, an inorganic particle, and at least one of an inorganic binder and an inorganic binder precursor.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe paint for application to an exhaust pipe base includes an inorganic glass particle, an inorganic particle, and at least one of an inorganic binder and a precursor of the inorganic binder. The inorganic binder partially softens at a softening temperature of the inorganic glass particle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inorganic artificial marble having excellent impact strength and weather resistance. The inorganic artificial marble can be a substitute for natural stone and used as an exterior finishing material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating for a device for forming glass products, comprising: a first quasicrystalline or approximant or amorphous metallic phase; and a second phase composed of a eutectic alloy having a melting point between 950 and 1150° C. and having a nominal hardness between 30 and 65 HRc; a mould for manufacturing hollow glass products that is provided with this coating; equipment for forming glass in sheets or plates that is provided with this coating; a material constituting this coating; a premixed or prealloyed powder, or a flexible cord or cored-wire that makes it possible to obtain this coating; a thermal spraying process for obtaining this coating.

Abstract: A method for depositing a protective coating on a complex shaped substrate includes the steps of: (1) dipping a complex shaped substrate into a slurry to form a base coat thereon, the slurry comprising an aqueous solution, at least one refractory metal oxide, and at least one transient fluid additive present in an amount of about 0.1 percent to 10 percent by weight of the slurry; (2) curing the dipped substrate; (3) dipping the substrate into a precursor solution to form a top barrier coat thereon; and (4) heat treating the dipped, cured substrate to form a protective coating.

Abstract: A modified sol-gel method to create metal-rich siliceous material, such as colloidal silica or aluminosilicate particles is disclosed. Initially, the metal salt of choice is added to a silicic acid solution or a silicic acid solution containing aluminum salt. The aluminum is added to vary the metal-support interaction as it forms Al—O—Si linkages within the silica matrix. Besides aluminum, other metals can be added that form M—O—Si (M=Ti, B, etc.) linkages, which do not become reduced when treated with a reducing agent. Once the metal, silicic acid and/or aluminum salt is generated, it is subjected to colloidal growth by addition to a basic heel. Upon colloidal synthesis, the metal salt containing colloidal particle is left as is to maximize colloidal stability or is reduced with hydrazine to produce the zero valence metal-containing colloidal particle.

Abstract: A method and system for treating a material to enhance its properties is disclosed, particularly in the context of filler material for adhesives. The method and system includes ultrasonic treatment of the material in a solution and vacuum processing the material thereafter. The resulting material has been shown to exhibit at least one of increased thermal conductivity (˜50% gain) and reduced viscosity (˜50% reduction) as compared to non-treated material.

Abstract: A process for producing a fine silver particle colloidal dispersion the fine silver particles of which have a larger average particle diameter than those in the conventional Carey-Lea process and also which has superior dispersion stability. An aqueous silver nitrate solution is allowed to react with a mixed solution of an aqueous iron(II) sulfate solution and an aqueous sodium citrate solution, and the resultant reaction fluid containing an agglomerate of fine silver particles is left at 0 to 100° C. to obtain an agglomerate of fine silver particles having grown into granular particles. Next, this agglomerate of fine silver particles having grown into granular particles is filtered, and, to the resultant cake of the agglomerate of fine silver particles, pure water is added to obtain a fine silver particle colloidal dispersion having an average particle diameter of 20 to 200 nm.

Abstract: Metal products having improved properties and processes for preparing the metal products are provided. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a metal product comprising a metal surface, an oxide layer and a glass layer. The glass layer is provided by coating a stable aqueous silicate or borosilicate solution onto the metal surface and curing the aqueous solution to produce a glass layer. The metal products have surface characteristics that outperform current anodized metal surfaces.

Abstract: Nano-structured interconnect formation and a reworkable bonding process using solder films. Large area fabrication of nano-structured interconnects is demonstrated at a very fine pitch. This technology can be used for pushing the limits of current flip chip bonding in terms of pitch, number of I/Os, superior combination of electrical and mechanical properties as well as reworkability. Sol-gel and electroless processes were developed to demonstrate film bonding interfaces between metallic pads and nano interconnects. Solution-derived nano-solder technology is an attractive low-cost method for several applications such as MEMS hermetic packaging, compliant interconnect bonding and bump-less nano-interconnects.

Abstract: A coated article comprising a substrate and a copper oxide and manganese oxide coating over the substrate, the coating having the molar ratio of copper to manganese in the range of about 6.8 to 1.2 and a blue color in transmission is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique solution to the problems of both steady-state and transient signals produced by a variety of interfering stimuli, including humidity, which relies upon the inclusion in a gas sensing electrode in an electrochemical gas sensor of a catalyst material in addition to a first catalyst material reactive to the target gas, the additional, or second, catalyst material producing a response to an interfering stimulus which is of the opposite polarity to that generated by the first catalyst material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to plastering mortars which exhibit enhanced adhesion to concrete surfaces and comprise monofluorophosphates, to adhesion primers comprising monofluorophosphates, and to a method of improving the adhesion of cement-bound plasters to concrete surfaces, which involves applying a monofluorophosphate to the concrete surface.

Abstract: The carbon-containing hard coating (1) according to the invention comprises nano-crystalline grains being separated from each other by grain boundaries, wherein said hard coating comprises aluminum (Al), at least one additional metal (Me1, Me2), carbon (C) and at least one further element (E1, E2) and has the chemical composition: (AlxMe1yMe2z)CuE1vE2w wherein Me1 is a metal, and Me2 is a metal, with x>0.4 and x+y+z=1 and y,z?0, and E1 and E2 are further chemical elements with 1>u>0 and u+v+w=1 and v,w?0. The grain boundaries have a higher concentration of carbon atoms than the nano-crystalline grains.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting stain formation in a floor covering. The composition includes a copper glycine complex in combination with magnesium hydroxide and a carrier. The composition can be advantageously applied to a wood-based substrate upon which a floor covering is overlaid. Flooring assemblies that include the composition are also provided.

Abstract: A coating admixture, method of coating and substrates coated thereby, wherein the coating contains colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, or combinations thereof; a filler such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide; and one or more emissivity agents such as silicon hexaboride, carbon tetraboride, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, tungsten disilicide, zirconium diboride, cupric chromite, or metallic oxides such as iron oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides, chromium oxides, copper chromium oxides, cerium oxides, terbium oxides, and derivatives thereof. In a coating solution, an admixture of the coating contains water. A stabilizer such as bentonite, kaolin, magnesium alumina silicon clay, tabular alumina and stabilized zirconium oxide is also added.

Abstract: Snow and ice-melting granules prepared from compacted blends of salts of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and a method for preparing such granules, are provided. The inventive granules have improved mechanical properties and, as such, are not readily reduced to a powder when subjected to mechanical loadings during transit and storage. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive granules employ one or more corrosion inhibitors homogeneously distributed throughout the granules.

Abstract: A thermal spray powder of the present invention includes particles composed of molybdenum disulfide, and a coating layer provided on the surface of each of the particles. The coating layer is composed of a metal that is softened or melted at a temperature lower than the heat decomposition temperature of the molybdenum disulfide. The coating layer is preferably composed of copper. The thermal spray powder suppresses heat decomposition of the molybdenum disulfide contained in the thermal spray powder during thermal spraying.

Abstract: A process for primer coating steel which is intended to be fabricated and overcoated, in which process the steel is primer coated with a primer coating comprising a silica binder. The binder comprises alumina-stabilized aqueous silica sol and, optionally, a minor amount of alkali metal silicate. The binder has a SiO2/M2O mole ratio, wherein M represents the total of alkali metal and ammonium ions, of at least 6:1. After the primer coating has dried to the extent that it is touch dry, it is optionally treated with a solution which increases the film strength of the primer coating.

Abstract: Coating foundry sand with a thin layer of an oxidation-promoting catalyst. Preferred catalysts comprise ferric and cupric oxides. The catalysts promote the oxidation of any polymeric binder or residues admixed with the sand. The sand is coated by wetting the grains with a solution of a catalyst precursor, drying the sand and baking the sand in air to convert the precursor to the catalyst.

Abstract: Snow and ice-melting granules prepared from compacted blends of salts of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and a method for preparing such granules, are provided. The inventive granules have improved mechanical properties and, as such, are not readily reduced to a powder when subjected to mechanical loadings during transit and storage. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive granules employ one or more corrosion inhibitors homogeneously distributed throughout the granules.

Abstract: A method of bonding substrates by hydroxide-catalyzed hydration/dehydration involves applying a bonding material to at least one surface to be bonded, and placing the at least one surface sufficiently close to another surface such that a bonding interface is formed between them. A bonding material of the invention comprises a source of hydroxide ions, and may optionally include a silicate component, a particulate filling material, and a property-modifying component. Bonding methods of the invention reliably and reproducibly provide bonds which are strong and precise, and which may be tailored according to a wide range of possible applications. Possible applications for bonding materials of the invention include: forming composite materials, coating substrates, forming laminate structures, assembly of precision optical components, and preparing objects of defined geometry and composition. Bonding materials and methods of preparing the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Stains and methods of forming stains comprising saturated hydrochloric acid solutions of blended metallic salts that are chemically reactive with masonry concrete, stone, and like materials. The concentrated stains produce a full spectrum of colors derived from earth elements in the metals and transition element group, and from ores, and refined chemicals. Groups of concentrated mixtures emphasize the colors black, yellow, cyan and magenta to produce an overall earth-tone color. By separately dissolving each heavy metal constituent in an acid solution to the point of total saturation or crystallization, and then adding these mixtures to a predetermined base acid mixture, a stable, concentrated stain results. The individual ingredients are blended to produce a chosen color spectrum by adjusting mixture proportions.

Abstract: A coating that inhibits stain formation in floor covering. The coating includes a copper amine complex, preferably a copper morpholine complex, and is advantageously applied to an underlayment upon which a floor covering is adhered. Coated panels and floor assemblies that include the coating are also described.

Abstract: A sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is added to a flue gas G6; hydrogen chloride contained in this flue gas is removed as residue of dechlorination; the thus removed residue of dechlorination is dissolved by adding water i; water-insoluble constituents k are separated from the resulting aqueous solution j; and after adjusting pH of the aqueous solution 1 remaining after separation of the water-insoluble constituents k, mercury, dioxin and the like are removed and discharged. The sodium-based dechlorinating agent g is mixed with a hydrophilic anti-caking agent, with an angle of repose of 40° or more, a dispersibility of less than 50, and a floodability index value of less than 90. A mean particle diameter of sodium hydrogencarbonate is set within a range of from 2 &mgr;m to 30 &mgr;m. The hydrophilic anti-caking agent comprises silica, and is contained in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more in the sodium-based dechlorinating agent.

Abstract: A component of a thermal processing apparatus for a fluid stream of hydrocarbons, a precursor glass for a glass-ceramic coating on such component and a method of inhibiting deposition of a material, such as carbon, on a surface of the component.

Abstract: A flame spray mending material effective for applying a dense thermal spray mending layer to a silica brick wall of an industrial furnace, having a high crystallization ratio immediately after thermal spraying in a broad thermal spray condition, having an oxide concentration of 89% by weight or more of SiO2, more than 2.0 to 4.0% by weight of Na2O and/or more than 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of Li2O, having a 80% or more crystallization ratio after thermal spraying and 200 kgf/cm2 or more compression strength. A slight amount of CaO may be present to make a flame spray mending material with an oxide concentration of 89% by weight or more of SiO2, more than 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of CaO, 0.5 to 4.0% by weight of Na2O and/or more than 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of Li2O, and 1.0% by weight of less of Al2O3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binder composition comprising a glass powder with a particle size of at least less than 0.15 mm and an alkali activator containing at least one alkali metal and at least one silicate. Preferably, a sodium silicate with a SiO2:Na2O weight ratio between about 1.6:1 to about 2.0:1. Mixed with water, the binder composition can be cured at ambient temperature, but rapidly yields a very high strength at an elevated temperature between about 40° C. to about 120° C. Preferably, between about 70° C. to about 90° C. The invention further provides a method of making artificial stone using glass as a sole binder and aggregate.

Abstract: An anticorrosive and antifouling additive for paints, which is effective to protect structures such as steel ships and pipes from rust, and prevent the adhesion of marine organisms and algae to the structures used in seawater without adversely affecting the marine environment, and a paint containing the same additive are provided. The additive comprises 70 to 94% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of bastnasite, monazite and Chinese complex mineral, 3% by weight or more of tourmaline, and 3% by weight or more of zircon, with respect to the total amount of the additive. The additive emits a required amount of negative ions to achieve the effect of preventing the adhesion of marine organisms and algae and prevents the occurrence of rust. In practical use, the additive can be added to a conventional paint in an amount of 8 to 15% with respect to paint weight.

Abstract: The bonding of two materials through hydroxide-catalyzed hydration/dehydration is achieved at room temperature by applying hydroxide ions to at least one of the two bonding surfaces and by placing the surfaces sufficiently close to each other to form a chemical bond between them. The surfaces may be placed sufficiently close to each other by simply placing one surface on top of the other. A silicate material may also be used as a filling material to help fill gaps between the surfaces caused by surface figure mismatches. A powder of a silica-based or silica-containing material may also be used as an additional filling material. The hydroxide-catalyzed bonding method forms bonds which are not only as precise and transparent as optical contact bonds, but also as strong and reliable as high-temperature frit bonds. The hydroxide-catalyzed bonding method is also simple and inexpensive.

Abstract: A colored film comprising gold, bismuth oxide and an oxide other than bismuth oxide.