Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of inorganically coated pigments and fillers and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A pigmentary material comprises silver in a lattice of crystalline zirconia, which material contains at least 0.4% by weight of the silver. A process for preparing a pigmentary material comprising silver in a lattice of crystalline zirconia comprises calcining a zirconium component which yields the zirconia, and a silver component which yields the silver, forming a calcination mixture of the resultant zirconium and silver moieties and cooling the mixture, the weight of fluoride compound in the total weight of the components to be calcined being less than 6%.

Abstract: Composite conductive powder comprises a calcined mixture of conductive powder mainly comprising indium oxide which contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide as a dopant and conductive powder mainly comprising tin oxide which contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide, tantalum oxide and niobium oxide as a dopant, and a conductive film is formed from the composite, conductive powder. The composite, conductive powder and the conductive film produced from the powder permit the reduction in the amounts of materials for the ITO film, in particular, indium which is an expensive material and the composite, conductive powder can simultaneously satisfy both requirements for high transparency and high conductivity even if it is used for the formation of films through the coating technique.

Abstract: The invention relates to colored luster pigments consisting of a transparent or metallic reflecting core, of a coating consisting of at least one silicon oxide of the composition SiO.sub.0.25 to SiO.sub.0.95 and of further optional coatings, to coating processes by coating metallic silicon in the presence of oxygen, if required with changing its partial pressure, as well as to the use of these luster pigments for pigmenting plastic materials, paints and printing inks, and to pigmented compositions comprising these luster pigments.

Abstract: Colored pigments are provided from the green-yellow to red spectrum based on oxide-nitrides with two or three different cations Q, R and S in the crystal lattice, wherein the nitrogen to oxygen atomic ratio is determinative for the color. These pigments crystallise in the pyrochlore, spinel or elpasolite structure. Pigments in the perovskite are as provided with increased color brilliance. The color of the pigments can be adjusted in a wide range of the color spectrum during their preparation within a substance class with the cations Q, R and S and while retaining the crystal structure, by increasing or lowering the atomic ratio N to O in the oxide-nitride and bringing about the required charge balancing by replacing an equivalent quantity of the cation Q with the valency q by a cation R with the valency q+1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to color pigments based on substrates which are coated with a doped layer of iron(III) oxide, to processes for their preparation and to their use, especially in aqueous coating systems.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process of making composite aggregate pigments (CAPs) having superior optical and dispersion characteristics. These pigments are produced by aggregating titanium dioxide and calcined clay with zirconium hydroxy complex chemicals in a slurry in the pH range of 6.0-10.5. Superior optical properties are obtained by heat treating the pigments after removal from the slurry. Multi-faceted pigments are obtained by including a small amount of a rod-shaped pigment, such as wollastonite, in the composite pigment.

Abstract: Reaction spray process for preparing inclusion pigments by suspending the pigment to be encapsulated in an aqueous solution or suspension of a precursor of the inclusion material, spraying the suspension, with or without the addition of nitric acid and fuel, in a tubular reactor heated at from 850.degree. to 1100.degree. C., separating the inclusion pigment from the product stream and, if desired post-calcining the pigment at a temperature of at least 816.degree. C.

Abstract: Goniochromatic luster pigments based on multiply coated platelet-shaped metallic substrates comprising at least one layer packet ofA) a layer consisting essentially of silicon oxide, silicon oxide hydrate, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxide hydrate, andB) a metallic layer which consists essentially of aluminum and is at least partially transparent to visible light,and also, if desired, additionallyC) an outer layer which consists essentially of colorless or selectively absorbing metal oxide and/or is phosphate-, chromate- and/or vanadate-containing,are useful for coloring paints, inks, including printing inks, plastics, glasses, ceramic products and decorative cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: A process for producing a zirconia beating opacifier is disclosed. The process comprising the steps of: (I) heat treatment of a zirconia bearing material comprising heating the zirconia bearing material in the presence of an additive to form a heat modified product having one or more phases which, when incorporated in a glaze and the glaze fired, exhibit opacifying characteristics; and (ii) cooling the heat modified product to produce a product which can be used for imparting opacity.

Abstract: Colored/pigmented substrates, for example plastics, paints, varnishes, ceramics, glazes, papers, inks, cosmetics, dyes, binders, coatings, rubbers, etc., include an effective coloration-imparting amount of at least one colorant terbium compound having the formula ATbO.sub.3 and/or ATbMO.sub.3, wherein A is at least one alkaline earth metal and M is cerium, zirconium, praseodymium, or combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a structured composite pigmentary material comprises forming a dispersion of uncoated particles of titanium dioxide at a pH value at which the particles have a surface charge and subjecting the dispersion to cross-flow filtration until the dispersion contains more than 50% by weight titanium dioxide. The concentrated dispersion is mixed with a dispersion of chemically distinct particles having a surface charge of opposite sign under conditions which ensure that the sign of the surface charge on either of the particulate materials is not reversed. In the resultant composite pigmentary material the titanium dioxide particles are held in association with the chemically distinct particles as a result of said surface charges.

Abstract: Gels based on a network of oxygen-bridged metal and/or semi-metal atoms and produced using a hydrolytic sol-gel process are often not homogeneous. Known non-hydrolytic sol-gel processes give rise to gels containing halogen.A novel non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been found which gives rise to halogen-free and homogeneous gels and to xerogels obtainable therefrom.In this process, one or more compounds (I) from the series of metal or semi-metal alkoxides, oxoalkoxides, amides or oxoamides are condensed, with elimination of carboxylic acid esters or carboxylic acid amides, until gelation occurs with one or more compounds (II) from the series of metal or semi-metal carboxylates or oxocarboxylates in an anhydrous organic solvent containing no hydroxyl groups.Preferred gels and xerogels contain in the network metal or semi-metal atoms from main group and subgroup III to V and from the rare-earth elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrophobic inorganic oxide products which comprises reacting the inorganic oxide particles with organohalosilanes, preferably organochlorosilanes, to produce hydrophobic organosilane coated inorganic oxides. It is preferred that the organohalosilane compounds be reacted with the inorganic oxide particles in an aqueous slurry. The inorganic oxide pigments prepared by the processes of this invention have essentially quantitative retention of the organosilanes and contain no adsorbed aldehydes on their surface. The by-products produced in the preferred embodiments of the invention are innocuous salts, which are environmentally safe and readily disposable.

Abstract: An article with a surface with a paint film adherent thereto having a liquid medium hardened into a solid to form said paint film and having first and second parallel surfaces with the first parallel surface being adhered to the surface of the article and the second surface exposed to be viewed by the human eye. A plurality of flakes are provided having first and second planar parallel surfaces lying in said paint film with the first and second planar parallel surfaces being parallel to the first and second parallel surfaces of the paint film. The flakes are characterized in that they have physical dimensions such that when the dimensions of the flakes are measured parallel to and perpendicular to the respective first and second planar parallel surfaces, an aspect ratio of at least two-to-one is provided.

Abstract: A stable aqueous sol of colloidal zirconia having lowered surface activity and useful for polishing semiconductors and the like, is prepared by a process comprising calcining a colloidal zirconia having a specific surface area of 10 to 400 m.sup.2 /g, a particle size of 20 to 500 nm and a dehydratable water content of 4 to 15% by weight at 400.degree. to 1,000.degree. C. to form a calcined zirconia having a dehydratable water content of 0.1 to 2% by weight, and pulverizing the calcined zirconia in the presence of a water-soluble acid or alkali in water, to form the stable sol of colloidal zirconia having a specific surface area of 5 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, a particle size of 20 to 1,500 nm and a dehydratable water content of 0.1 to 3% by weight. The stable sol of colloidal zirconia has a ZrO.sub.2 concentration of 5 to 80% by weight.

Abstract: Thermally split zirconium silicate is produced such that the crystalline zirconium dioxide embedded in an amorphous silica phase exhibits an average grain or particle size (d.sub.50 value) in a range of 0.5 .mu.m to 3.0 .mu.m and a specific surface (BET) in a range of 3 to 15 m.sup.2 /g. The zirconium dioxide produced by this method is particularly suited for the production of zirconium silicate pigments with improved color characteristics. The thermally split zirconium silicate is also particularly well suited for processes used in the obtention of zirconium dioxide. The method of producing the thermally split zirconium silicate includes melting zirconium silicate in an induction melting furnace and cooling off a free falling stream of melt by blowing on it with a gas and/or spraying it with water.

Abstract: Luster pigments based on multiply coated plateletlike metallic substrates comprise at least one layer packet comprisingA) a colorless coating having a refractive index n.ltoreq.1.8, andB) a selectively absorbing coating having a refractive index n.gtoreq.2.0and also if desired additionallyC) an outer, colorless or selectively absorbing coating different than the layer (B) underneath.

Abstract: An organic pigment particle having chemically bonded to its surface an organometallic zirconium compound, cosmetic compositions containing the pigment particles, and a method for reducing the staining potential of organic pigments.

Abstract: A laser beam absorbing resin composition is disclosed which includes 100 parts by weight of a resin, and 1-100 parts by weight of composite particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1-50 .mu.m and each including a particulate, laser beam absorbing inorganic substance, and a colorant physically bonded directly to the inorganic substance and capable of discoloring upon being heated at a temperature of 250.degree. C. or more, the weight ratio of the colorant to the inorganic substance being in the range of 1:99 to 50:50. By irradiating a shaped, hardened body of the above composition with a laser beam, the colorant is thermally decomposed, so that the color of the irradiated surface is changed and becomes discriminative from that of non-irradiated surface.

Abstract: Nontoxic yellow/orange pigment compositions, well suited for the coloration of a wide variety of substrates, for example paints, varnishes, plastics, ceramics, etc., comprise a major amount of a zirconium oxide and an additive amount of cerium, praseodymium and/or terbium values, such rare earth values being in the form of the oxides thereof.

Abstract: A composite particulate pigmentary material is disclosed which comprises an association of at least two chemically distinct materials in which the particles of one material carry a positive surface charge and the particles of the second material carry a negative surface charge and particles are held in association as a result of these surface charges. Also disclosed is a method for preparing composite particulate pigmentary material comprising forming aqueous dispersions of two particulate materials under conditions in which the surface charges of the particles of the two materials are of different signs and mixing the dispersions. Typical materials useful for preparing the composite include inorganic pigments, fillers and extenders and organic polymeric microspheres. The product is useful as a pigment in, for example, paints, inks, paper and plastics.

Abstract: Pigments for use in paper are comprised of structured aggregate clays which are reaction products of kaolin clays and colloidal silicas. Silica modified clays of low treatment level can under certain high-shear mixing conditions be attritioned back to their starting clay particle size consequently yielding silica coated clay particles that provide unique properties. Also provided are structured aggregate clay products produced by the reaction of kaolin clay, colloidal silicas and spacer particles such as titanium dioxide, which products have improved porosity and light scattering characteristics. Also provided are clay slurry products which comprise mixtures of the reaction product of kaolin clay and colloidal silica, and optionally titanium dioxide, blended with other clay products.

Abstract: Luster pigments comprising coated, plateletlike, silicatic substrates wherein the coating comprises a layer consisting essentially of carbon and aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, antimony oxide or mixtures thereof, are obtainable by applying carbon-containing compounds of the metals aluminum, chromium, cerium, zirconium, antimony or mixtures thereof with or without further carbon-containing compounds of the molecular formula (CH.sub.2 O).sub.n, where n is from 1 to 6 for one monomeric unit, to the substrate particles and then thermally decomposing the carbon-containing compounds on the surface of the substrate particles under oxygen-excluding conditions.

Abstract: A pigment composition includes a pigment extender which optionally contains a pigment, and further includes a non-hydrogenated phospholipid material, such as non-hydrogenated lecithin, and a surface modifying agent. Suitable modifying agents are selected from fatty acids, fatty acid esters or fatty acid triglycerides, silicones and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Compositions comprisinga) an organic material of high molecular weight in the form of a paint or varnish or of a printing ink,b) a pigment composition comprising an organic pigment whose particle surface is provided with a tenacious coating of alkyl silicate, said coating being fixed by adsorption of an alkyl silicate on a layer that coats the surface of the pigment particles and consists essentially of partially hydrolyzed organic compounds of elements of group 4A or 4B of the Periodic System selected from the group consisting of chelates of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl and R.sub.3 is halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, and M is Ti or Sn, and of esters of formulaM.sub.1 (OR.sub.4).sub.4 (III),wherein M.sub.1 is an element of group 4A or 4B of the Periodic System and R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, which alkyl silicate is hydrolyzed before, during or after adsorption.

Abstract: An optional element having a cured coating film on optical base material wherein the cured coating film is prepared with a coating composition comprising an organosilicon compound and modified stannic oxide-zirconium oxide composite colloidal particles which are obtained by partially or fully coating the surface of stannic oxide-zirconium oxide composite colloidal particles with tungstic oxide-stannic oxide composite colloidal particles. The formed cured coating film is excellent in hot water resistance, and light-resistance and weathering resistance are not impaired even when the antireflection film made by vepor deposition of inorganic oxides is applied on the cured coating film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface-modified pigments based on platelet-like substrates which, for improving the settling and redispersion behavior, have been recoated with a mixture comprising two metal oxides selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina and zirconium dioxide.

Abstract: A product in the form of colored inorganic particles including one or a number of melanin pigments, a process for its preparation and to its use, especially in the field of cosmetics, for make-up for the exoskeleton and/or for the skin, and in protecting human skin against UV radiation.

Abstract: The application relates to deagglomerated and readily dispersible platelet-like substrates with a high degree of softness, which are characterized by a content of 0.5-20% by weight of spherical particles having a small diameter in comparison with the platelet-like substrate, and to a process for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: Novel colorant/pigment compositions, prepared via precipitation technique and well suited for the coloration of a wide variety of materials and substrates, e.g., plastics, paints and inks, ceramics, cosmetics, etc., comprise composite core/sheath particulates, the cores of which comprising particles of at least one crystalline rare earth metal sesquisulfide having the formula M.sub.2 S.sub.3 in which M is at least one lanthanide element having an atomic number of from 57 to 71, or yttrium, and such core particles having at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal dopant at least in part incorporated within the crystal lattice of the at least one crystalline rare earth metal sesquisulfide, and each sheath comprising a coating layer of at least one transparent oxide deposited onto the external face surfaces of the doped core particles.

Abstract: A method for producing decorations which are color-stable in a porcelain firing (glost firing), and a pigment composition suitable for this method, is disclosed. Inclusion pigments based on heavy-metal sulfides and selenides in an oxidic or silicate casing, especially ZrSiO.sub.4, result in more color-stable decorations in a porcelain firing if color-stabilizing auxiliary agents from the series of Zn compounds, especially ZnO or zinc-containing glass frits, or cerium(III) or cerium(IV) compounds, especially CeO.sub.2, are used in the decorative layer and/or glaze layer as color-stabilizing auxiliary agents. The amount used in the decorative layer is generally 5 to 50% by weight in the case of ZnO and CeO.sub.2, relative to the inclusion pigment. The pigment composition contains at least one of the color-stabilizing auxiliary agents in addition to an inclusion pigment.

Abstract: A process for preparing silane metal oxides comprising reacting a metal oxide with an amine compound to form an amine metal oxide intermediate, and subsequently reacting said intermediate with a halosilane.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising an organosilicon compound and modified stannic oxide - zirconium oxide composite colloidal particles which are obtained by partially or fully coating the surface of stannic oxide - zirconium oxide composite colloidal particles with tungstic oxide - stannic oxide composite colloidal particles. The formed cured coating film is excellent in hot water resistance, and light-resistance and weathering resistance are not impaired even when the antireflection film made by vepor deposition of inorganic oxides is applied on the cured coating film.

Abstract: Luster pigments useful for coloring paints, printing inks, plastics, glasses, ceramic products and decorative cosmetic preparations are based on multiply coated plateletlike metallic substrates comprisingA) a first, colorless or selectively absorbing layer of metal oxide,B) a second, nonselectively absorbing layer of carbon, metal and/or metal oxide, andC) if desired a third, colorless or selectively absorbing layer of metal oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to iron oxide pigments based on silica, zirconium dioxide and/or titanium dioxide particles coated with iron oxide, the iron oxide content being more than 350% by weight, relative to the weight of the silica, zirconium dioxide and/or titanium dioxide particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to pigments based on platelet-like substrates substantially composed of nitridic material and coated with at least one dye and/or one metal oxide, and to processes for their preparation and also to their use in cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: Inclusion pigments are discolored having zirconium silicate as a casing component and chromium (III) oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) as a discrete, included color compound. The included Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 has a D.sub.50 value in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 .mu.m and a brilliant light green color. Contrary to non-included Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 of identical value, the pigments of the present invention may be used for the preparation of decorations without problems and difficulties in their application and maintaining sharp lines and contours. The pigments are suitable for direct pressing and high temperature firing processes. They are prepared by fusing a mixture of zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, mineralizators and chromium oxide.

Abstract: Thermally split zirconium silicate is produced such that the crystalline zirconium dioxide embedded in an amorphous silica phase exhibits an average grain or particle size (d.sub.50 value) in a range of 0.5 .mu.m to 3.0 .mu.m and a specific surface area (BET) in a range of 3 to 15 m.sup.2 /g when the silica is removed by leaching. The zirconium dioxide produced by this method is particularly suited for the production of zirconium silicate pigments with improved color characteristics. The thermally split zirconium silicate is also particularly well suited for processes used in the obtention of zirconium dioxide. The method of producing the thermally split zirconium silicate includes melting zirconium silicate in an induction melting furnace and cooling off a free falling stream of melt by blowing on it with a gas and/or spraying it with water.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use in the manufacture of ceramics comprises particulate zirconia the particles of which are coated with a hydrous oxide of yttrium and a hydrous oxide of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper or zinc. Preferably the particles also have an inner coating of titania, zirconia, hafnia or alumina.Ceramics prepared from the particulate zirconia of the invention are resistant to degradation by water at temperatures above 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A monoclinic zirconium dioxide with an SiO.sub.2 content below 1.0% by weight is provided which is characterized by dendrite-shaped particles with an average grain size (d.sub.50 value) in a range of 0.5 .mu.m to 3.0 .mu.m and a specific surface (BET) in a range of 3 to 15 m.sup.2 /g. This zirconium dioxide is produced by thermally splitting zirconium silicate in a high-frequency- or medium-frequency induction melting furnace with sintering crust crucible, quenching the melt by blowing on a stream of melt with air and/or spraying it with water and leaching out the thermally split zirconium silicate with concentrated alkali lye at 100.degree. 200.degree. C. The zirconium dioxide of the invention provides a material with improved suitability for the production of zirconium silicate pigments of the host lattice type and inclusion type so as to provide for more color-intensive pigments.

Abstract: A process for coating the surface of pigment and filler particles with an oleaginous and cosmetically functional material, characterized in that an aqueous suspension of the pigment or filler is mixed with an emulsion of said oleaginous material to be coated onto the surface of pigment or filler particles, followed by adding a component capable of breaking the emulsion to the thus obtained mixture, whereby the emulsified material coalesces onto the surface of the pigment or filler particles. The thus obtained pigments or fillers exhibit excellent properties when used in cosmetics.

Abstract: A process for improving the storage stability of a colored organic pigment in powder form which comprises coating pigment particles with a partially or completely hydrolysed compound of an element of Group IVA or Group IVB of the Periodic Table in its IV oxidation state, thereby inhibiting reduction of the tinting strength of the pigment on storage.

Abstract: A pigment comprising leaf-like substrates particles having a particle size of 0.5 to 100 .mu.m, whereby the surface of said particles is covered with a metal oxide comprising titanium oxide and zirconium oxide in a molar ratio of 10:1 to 10:15 within a range of from 20 wt. % to 60 wt. % based on the total weight of the pigment possesses good adhesion and spreadability and has an effect of preventing ultraviolet rays and infrared rays.

Abstract: A method of improving the storage stability of a coloured organic pigment in powder form which comprises coating pigment particles with a solid polymer which is a polar group-containing vinyl polymer, said polar group being a hydroxy, carboxyl, carboxylic ester, anhydride or carboxamide group, or a cellulosic polymer, thereby inhibiting reduction of tinting strength of the pigment on storage.

Abstract: Colorant clusters comprising an aggregation of a plurality of grains of sol-derived material and colorant. The clusters are particularly useful as pigments in liquid compositions, e.g., paints and inks, for forming coatings that are retroreflective immediately upon drying. Also, a process for preparing such colorant clusters comprising admixing colorant in a binder sol to yield a pigment sol and then removing liquid medium from the pigment sol to yield the clusters. Also, a coating composition comprising retroreflective elements, a vehicle, and the aforementioned colorant clusters. After application of the composition to a substrate, the resultant coating is immediately retroreflective upon drying.

Abstract: A paper coating composition is prepared containing a pigment, a binder and as an insolubilizer for the binder a zirconium chelate containing an alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid ligand.

Abstract: A process for coloring metal flakes by dispersing the flakes in an inorganic metal oxide sol to coat the flakes with the sol, dispersing the sol-coated flakes in a solution of an inorganic metal compound in a solvent, and thereafter heating the flakes for producing thereon a sol-gel coating that imparts to the flakes a visible color different from the color of the metal flakes when uncoated. The sol, the compound and the solvent are mutually selected to form the color-providing sol-gel coating on the metal flakes upon heating. Aluminum flake pigments are colored in this manner using an aqueous alkaline zirconia sol and a solution of cobalt nitrate in ethanol and/or water or a solution of iron nitrate in ethanol (followed, in the case of iron nitrate, by a treatment with ammonium hydroxide in ethanol). The steps of successively dispersing the flakes in the sol and solution may be repeated to intensify the produced color.

Abstract: Colored corundum composite with a matrix of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, as formed by sol-gel process ending in sintering and size reduction steps with addition of oxide pigments (or precursors of such oxide pigments, formable to the oxide pigment in sinter heating) added to the sol before full gelation thereof.

Abstract: Inclusion pigments are disclosed based on zirconium silicate as a casing component and cobalt-free spinels as discrete, included colored compounds. The inclusion pigments are prepared by fusing a mixture of a zirconium dioxide source, a silicon dioxide source, one or more mineralizer and cobalt-free oxides in a ratio suitable for spinel-formation. The inclusion pigments have high enamel-fastness and high color-fastness. Further, the pigments are drain-resistant under usual decoration firing conditions.