Abstract: In an embodiment, the invention comprises a packaging structure or formable sheet comprising a first layer which comprises post-consumer resin and, in some embodiments, a polyolefin; a second layer adjacent the first layer which comprises: post-consumer resin polyethylene terephthalate; a polyolefin; ethylene methyl acrylate; and ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer; and in some embodiments, polypropylene maleic anhydride copolymer; and a third layer adjacent the second layer which comprises post-consumer resin and, in some embodiments, a polyolefin.

Abstract: A method to coat oxide-based color pigments with an ultrasound-assisted coating of nanofiber or other nanostructures in order to enhance heat-fastness and color performance to said color pigments is presented. In particular, the present invention provides a method to coat oxide-based color pigments with nano-coating materials, including but not limited to, alumina and/or silica at different dosage levels, with nanospike, nanoneedle, nanoplate, and/or nanoflower morphology towards enhancing the heat-fastness and color performance of said color pigments.

Abstract: A silica-containing composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO2)x(OH)yMzSaF.B. M comprises at least one metal or metalloid cation S is a sulfur-based species. F optionally exists and F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, an amine-containing organosilane, and an alkyl-containing organosilane at a surface area coverage of about 0.01 to about 100%. The molar ratio of y/x is equal to about 0.01 to about 0.5, the molar ratio of x/z is equal to about 0.5 to about 300 or from about 0.5 to about 100, and the molar ratio of a/z is about 0.5 to about 5. B is a hygroscopic solid at a water to solid molar ratio of 0.1-6 and preferably comprises at least one alkaline earth oxide or lanthanide oxide.

Abstract: A silica-containing composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO2)x(OH)yMzSaF. M comprises at least one metal or metalloid cation S is a sulfur-based species optionally exists and F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, an amine-containing organosilane, and an alkyl-containing organosilane at a surface area coverage of about 0.01 to about 100%. The molar ratio of y/x is equal to about 0.01 to about 0.5, the molar ratio of x/z is equal to about 0.5 to about 300 or from about 0.5 to about 100, and the molar ratio of a/z is about 0.5 to about 5.

Abstract: Process for producing metal particle sols having a metal particle content of ?1 g/l, comprising the steps of a) reacting a metal salt solution with a solution containing hydroxide ions b) reacting the solution obtained from step a) with a reducing agent, wherein at least one of the solutions in step a) comprises a dispersing assistant, metal particles produced by the process and the use thereof.

Abstract: A silica containing composition is disclosed. The silica composition comprising a compound having the following formula (SiO2)x(OH)yMzOaF: wherein M optionally exists and said M is at least one of the following metal or metalloid cations: boron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver, cadmium, tin, platinum, gold, and bismuth; wherein F optionally exists and said F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, an amine-containing organosilane, and an alkyl-containing organosilane at a surface area coverage of 0.01-100%; and wherein the molar ratio of y/x is equal to 0.01-0.5, the molar ratio of x/z is equal to 0.1-300, and the molar ratio of a/z is dependent on the nature of the metal oxide formed.

Abstract: A silica containing composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO2)x(OH)yMzSaF: wherein M is at least one of the following metal or metalloid cations: boron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver, cadmium, tin, platinum, gold, and bismuth; wherein S is a sulfur-based species selected from at least one of the following: sulfide salts, dithiocarbamates, polymer-based dithiocarbamates, and polysulfide salts; wherein F optionally exists and said F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, an amine-containing organosilane, and an alkyl-containing organosilane at a surface area coverage of 0.01-100%; and wherein the molar ratio of y/x is equal to 0.01-0.5, the molar ratio of x/z is equal to 3-300, and the molar ratio of a/z is 1-5.

Abstract: A pigment dispersed liquid prepared by heat-treating an aqueous pigment dispersion containing a self-dispersing pigment, but not a dispersing resin.

Abstract: A water based colorant that includes a polymer emulsion and semiconductor crystals capable of emitting light. The colorants include paints, inks and/or dyes can be applied to various substrates.

Abstract: A sulfonated derivative of an organic pigment moiety comprising a polyetheramine, and a metal or ammonium salt. The pigment is used for coloration of printing inks and coatings. For ink-jet systems there is excellent filterability, low viscosity, and stability thereof.

Abstract: A universal colorant system for both solvent- and water-based paints and coatings is contained in a closed sealed pouch or cartridge-style container, and includes a colorant component, a surfactant package including at least one alkyd-compatible surfactant and at least one latex-compatible surfactant, and a carrier. When the colorant system is added to a base paint it desirably provides a mixture having a drop in viscosity of less than about 50%.

Abstract: Process for producing metal particle sols having a metal particle content of ?1 g/l, comprising the steps of a) reacting a metal salt solution with a solution containing hydroxide ions b) reacting the solution obtained from step a) with a reducing agent, wherein at least one of the solutions in step a) comprises a dispersing assistant, metal particles produced by the process and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a highly concentrated pigment comprising from 75 to 95% by weight, preferably from 78 to 95% by weight, most preferred from 80 to 95% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a pigment; from 0 to 20% by weight, preferably from 5 to 18% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a resin; the total of pigment and resin being from 85 to 98% by weight of the composition; and from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight, most preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a C10-C18 alcohol, a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling point higher than 80° C. at 105 Pa, or both a C10-C18 alcohol and a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling point higher than 80° C. at 105 Pa. Also claimed are a process for its manufacture, comprising dry-milling, blending and kneading the components, and the use of the pigment concentrates for the preparation of a masterbatch, ink, coating, plastic material, toner or colour filter.

Abstract: A process for producing nanoparticles incorporating ions selected from groups 13, 16, and 11 or 12 of the periodic table, and materials produced by the process. In an embodiment, the process includes effecting conversion of a nanoparticle precursor composition comprising group 13, 16, and 11 or 12 ions to the material of the nanoparticles in the presence of a selenol compound. Other embodiments include a process for fabricating a thin film including nanoparticles incorporating ions selected from groups 13, 16, and 11 or 12 of the periodic table as well as a process for producing a printable ink formulation including the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having the mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pigment compositions, thick film black pigment compositions, conductive single layer thick film compositions, black electrodes made from such black conductive compositions and methods of forming such electrodes, and to the uses of such compositions, electrodes, and methods in flat panel display applications, including alternating-current plasma display panel devices (AC PDP).

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having the mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: Described herein are embedded pigments consisting of a labile chromophore englobed in a coating of refractory and transparent material formed by nanomolecular particles, also described are oxides of refractory and transparent materials in the form of nanoparticles and their use for coating labile chromophores or ceramic surfaces.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments, having deposited on the pigment surface at least one alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and at least one organic polyol, possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: A method of providing covert security features for documents such as vouchers, packaged goods and banknotes in which the document is provided with a dopant. The dopant consisting of a material which can be identified by examination of its response to visible wavelength photon radiation and which can be applied directly on or into the document or can be fused into glass matrices before application.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments treated with at least one amide of a fatty acid and an aliphatic amine possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: Inorganic pigments treated with one or more of the ?,?-dialkyl substituted linear or branched carboxylic acids and the salts thereof possess improved processibility and dispersibility in thermoplastic materials, and impart improved properties to thermoplastic compositions containing said surface-treated pigments.

Abstract: Paint and coating material system comprising a) at least one solids component comprising at least one organic or inorganic white, black or chromatic pigment, organic or inorganic fillers, or mixtures thereof, and b) at least one binder component, characterized in that the components of the system in water, with a specific energy input of less than 150 J/cm3, based on the sum of the volumes of the components and water, produced an aqueous dispersion having a particle size of <60 &mgr;m (determined in accordance with ISO 1524: 1983).

Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigment preparations comprising polyamide particles with an average particle size of below 50 &mgr;m and a pigment of an average particle size below 0.2 &mgr;m. The inventive pigment preparations are useful for coloring high molecular weight material, like coatings, inks and in particular plastics like polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate and, especially polyamide fibers.

Abstract: A solid marking composition comprises a solid matrix containing at least one type of optically variable interference pigment flakes. The solid marking composition provides a document or article with a copy and counterfeit protection feature, and is preferably used in a writing instrument for applying hand-written anti-counterfeit markings and signatures.

Abstract: A particulate metal oxide having a mean length of the primary particles in the range from 50 to 90 nm, the mean width of the primary particles in the range from 5 to 20 nm, and the median volume particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 45 nm. The metal oxide can be used in a sunscreen product that exhibits both effective UV protection and improved transparency.

Abstract: Pigment flakes having cores preferably composed of resins, polymers, thermoplastics, and/or thermosets with colorant (pigment and/or dyes) deposited thereon, coating applications thereof, and a method for making pigment flakes which includes providing a core material, compounding the core material, processing the core material into uniform forms such as films, wires, thread with rectangular cross sections and bead strings, providing colorant material, vaporizing the colorant material, exposing a surface of core material to the vaporized colorant material to form a layer of colorant on thereon, and fracturing the resultant colorant layered core material into flakes.

Abstract: Colored pigments having one or more desired parameters and/or properties are described. These parameters and/or properties include: a) a particles size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm; b) an accusizer number of less than 1010 particles/ml of dispersion at 15% solids which are greater than 0.5 micron; c) a filterability such that when in a liquid medium, 100 ml having 10% solids of the colored pigment filters through a 3 micron nylon absolute filter; d) a colored pigment purity of greater than about 80%, based on extractable material; and/or e) a stability such that the above-described properties do not change by more than 50% at 25 degrees C. for at least one week. Colored pigments having at least one organic group and having one or more of the above-described characteristics is also described as well as a process for preparing surface-modified colored pigments.

Abstract: Optical coating compositions containing thin film particulates or pigments that are capable of imparting to the coating preselected optical characteristics or properties, such as selective reflectance, transmission and absorptance of light energy, are comprised of film forming binder and improved high volume pigment particles dispersed in the binder. Each pigment particle is a high volume flake comprised of an inorganic or polymer core having two sides and a thin film optical structure deposited onto each of the two sides of the core. The core occupies a large volume of the coating composition and dramatically reduces the number of flakes and the amount of thin film structures required to produce a coating of given thickness and desired optical properties. The core may also be fabricated to have diffuse and irregular side surfaces in order to render the applied coating visually diffuse and nonspecular. Methods of making the pigment particles are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrophobic inorganic oxide products which comprises reacting the inorganic oxide particles with organohalosilanes, preferably organochlorosilanes, to produce hydrophobic organosilane coated inorganic oxides. It is preferred that the organohalosilane compounds be reacted with the inorganic oxide particles in an aqueous slurry and subjected to intense mixing. The inorganic oxide pigments prepared by the processes of this invention have essentially quantitative retention of the organosilanes and contain no adsorbed aldehydes on their surface. The by-products produced in the preferred embodiments of the invention are innocuous salts, which are environmentally safe and readily disposable.

Abstract: Ceramic decoration coloring substances substantially containing a zirconium pigment of the host lattice or inclusion type and a glass flux at a pigment volume concentration (PVC) of at least 30% have an increased color saturation C* if the glass flux comprises at least 71 wt. % PbO. Preferred decoration coloring substances have a PVC in the range from 40 to 70% and a PbO content of 75 to 85 wt. %. The decoration coloring substances are especially suitable for production of decorations, burned at 1000 to 1250°C, with increased color saturation C*.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inorganic pigment pellets for coloring building materials, lacquers and plastics and to a process for the production thereof and to the use thereof inter alia for the production of pastes, suspensions and emulsion paints.

Abstract: A colorless or only slightly colored pigment dispersing agent which is feasible as a pigment dispersing agent for pigments having various hues and has the general formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, X.sub.1, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, k and h are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A stir-in pigment composition for coloring high-molecular-weight material, particularly coatings and ink systems, comprises 85 to 99.5 parts by weight of a pigment and 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of an additive comprising a vinylpyrrolidone polymer or copolymer. The stir-in pigment composition is in the form of microgranules and is obtainable by spray drying a high solids content aqueous pigment dispersion containing the pigment and the additive. The new pigment composition powders are easily handled, easily wetted and disperse rapidly to form homogeneous aqueous pigment dispersions which are practically free of larger pigment aggregates and can readily be incorporated into aqueous ink and paint systems as stir-in pigments without a dispersion step in a bead mill.

Abstract: A pigment of the present invention comprises:pigment particle as core particle;a lower coat formed on at least a part of surface of the pigment particle, comprising squaric acid, polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 0 to 4, n is an integer of 0 to 4 and m+n is an integer of 2 to 4,or a mixture of the squaric acid and the polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I); andan upper coat formed on at least a part of surface of the obtained particle, comprising at least one alkylene glycol represented by the general formula (II):C.sub.q H.sub.2q (OH).sub.2 (II)wherein q is an integer of 2 to 10.Such pigment has excellent dispersion facility, dispersion homogeneity and dispersion stability, and is suitably used for not only organic solvent-type paints but also water-based paints.

Abstract: The disclosure describes pigment compositions containing a small particle size porous filler and a pigment, and their use for preparing effect coating compositions which produce thin film finishes exhibiting strong lightness and color flop with a pronounced three dimensional effect. The thin film finishes are particularly interesting as automotive finishes.

Abstract: The invention relates to granules of inorganic pigments, a process for their production using several auxiliary substances by compacting and their use in many technical fields.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of natural colors consisting of thousands of colored powders of mineral origin and of materials in or on which pigments have been applied and, afterwards, submitted to at least one thermal treatment and/or irradiation. These natural colors cover the totality of the visible spectrum and offer a great variety of tones, tints and reflections from white to black, including all the rainbow colors. The powders of this system are obtained by a combination of two mechanical, chemical, thermal and/or physical processes and are used alone or in combination. They are particularly useful to color materials and, more especially those used in the construction and architectural fields.

Abstract: Spherical agglomerates of finely divided material such as inorganic oxides are prepared by admixing a slurry of finely divided material with a solution of a partially neutralised carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Gels based on a network of oxygen-bridged metal and/or semi-metal atoms and produced using a hydrolytic sol-gel process are often not homogeneous. Known non-hydrolytic sol-gel processes give rise to gels containing halogen.A novel non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been found which gives rise to halogen-free and homogeneous gels and to xerogels obtainable therefrom.In this process, one or more compounds (I) from the series of metal or semi-metal alkoxides, oxoalkoxides, amides or oxoamides are condensed, with elimination of carboxylic acid esters or carboxylic acid amides, until gelation occurs with one or more compounds (II) from the series of metal or semi-metal carboxylates or oxocarboxylates in an anhydrous organic solvent containing no hydroxyl groups.Preferred gels and xerogels contain in the network metal or semi-metal atoms from main group and subgroup III to V and from the rare-earth elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrophobic inorganic oxide products which comprises reacting the inorganic oxide particles with organohalosilanes, preferably organochlorosilanes, to produce hydrophobic organosilane coated inorganic oxides. It is preferred that the organohalosilane compounds be reacted with the inorganic oxide particles in an aqueous slurry. The inorganic oxide pigments prepared by the processes of this invention have essentially quantitative retention of the organosilanes and contain no adsorbed aldehydes on their surface. The by-products produced in the preferred embodiments of the invention are innocuous salts, which are environmentally safe and readily disposable.

Abstract: Radiation-absorptive materials, suitable for fabrication into packages, sheets, inks, paints, decorative surface treatments, lotions, creams, and gels are disclosed. The materials exploit certain optical properties associated with uniform, spherical, nanosize particles to provide complete radiation absorption, over a selected bandwidth, at low concentration. One type of particle exhibits an "absorption edge" at a chosen wavelength, transmitting radiation whose wavelength exceeds the characteristic bandgap wavelength, while effectively absorbing all radiation with wavelengths smaller than that minimum. Another type of particle exhibits "optical resonance," which causes radiation of a characteristic wavelength to interact with the particles so as to produce self-reinforcing internal reflections that strongly enhance the amplitude of the radiation trapped within the particle.

Abstract: Radiation-absorptive materials, suitable for fabrication into packages, sheets, inks, paints, decorative surface treatments, lotions, creams, and gels are disclosed. The materials exploit certain optical properties associated with uniform, spherical, nanosize particles to provide complete radiation absorption, over a selected bandwidth, at low concentration. One type of particle exhibits an "absorption edge" at a chosen wavelength, transmitting radiation whose wavelength exceeds the characteristic bandgap wavelength, while effectively absorbing all radiation with wavelengths smaller than that minimum. Another type of particle exhibits "optical resonance," which causes radiation of a characteristic wavelength to interact with the particles so as to produce self-reinforcing internal reflections that strongly enhance the amplitude of the radiation trapped within the particle.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a metal, in particular, cadmium contained in scrap, in a stable form. The process comprises the steps of mixing the cadmium-containing scrap with an ammonium carbonate solution, preferably at least a stoichiometric amount of ammonium carbonate, and/or free ammonia, and an oxidizing agent to form a first mixture so that the cadmium will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a water-soluble ammine complex; evaporating the first mixture so that ammine complex dissociates from the first mixture leaving carbonate ions to react with the cadmium and form a second mixture that includes cadmium carbonate; optionally adding water to the second mixture to form a third mixture; adjusting the pH of the third mixture to the acid range whereby the cadmium carbonate will dissolve; and adding at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfide, preferably in the form of hydrogen sulfide or an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, to the third mixture to precipitate cadmium sulfide.

Abstract: A method for producing decorations which are color-stable in a porcelain firing (glost firing), and a pigment composition suitable for this method, is disclosed. Inclusion pigments based on heavy-metal sulfides and selenides in an oxidic or silicate casing, especially ZrSiO.sub.4, result in more color-stable decorations in a porcelain firing if color-stabilizing auxiliary agents from the series of Zn compounds, especially ZnO or zinc-containing glass frits, or cerium(III) or cerium(IV) compounds, especially CeO.sub.2, are used in the decorative layer and/or glaze layer as color-stabilizing auxiliary agents. The amount used in the decorative layer is generally 5 to 50% by weight in the case of ZnO and CeO.sub.2, relative to the inclusion pigment. The pigment composition contains at least one of the color-stabilizing auxiliary agents in addition to an inclusion pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed are pigment composite particles which are superior in water resistance, weather resistance, thermal stability and hardness. The pigment composite particles are prepared by suspension-polymerizing an aqueous suspension comprising(a) a pigment paste comprising pigment and a pigment grinding resin having a hydrophilic group of at least 0.2 mmol/g,(b) a polymerizable monomer and(c) a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A heat-resistant pigment can be produced by forming a dense and uniform coating on the surface of the pigment by contacting a hydrophilic pigment with a metal oxide in at least partly water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: A coating solution of a composition comprising in admixture(a) a solution of a cadmium compound(b) a solution of tin compound(c) a beta-diketone complexing agent, and(d) ammonia and or an amine, and reaction products thereof.

Abstract: A heat-resistant pigment can be produced by forming a dense and uniform coating on the surface of the pigment by contacting said pigment with a metal alkoxide diluted with a water-miscible or semi-water-miscible solvent.