Abstract: A ponded ash beneficiation system and related methods treat either landfilled or ponded waste coal fly ash by removing at least 75% of the carbon from a collected quantity of such waste coal fly ash. Analysis and testing of the collected waste coal fly ash to determine optimal air balance, indirect heat temperature and retention time. Subjecting a stream of such waste coal fly ash to temperatures ranging from 900° F. and 1150° F. along with air addition calibrated as a function of the LOI of the carbon in such waste coal fly ash. This stream is exposed to the foregoing range of temperatures and corresponding air addition for a range of time between 20 minutes and 90 minutes, in certain aspects of the disclosure. A system for beneficiating landfilled or ponded waste coal fly ash makes use of a carbon reduction kiln comprising multiple independent heat zones so that the waste coal fly ash is preferably exposed to indirect heat when received in such zones.

Abstract: An aqueous ink jet ink composition contains an organic solvent with an SP value of 9.5 to 10.5, resin particles, a plasticizer, and water. With respect to the amount of the aqueous ink jet ink composition, 1.0% by mass to 10.0% by mass of the organic solvent is contained.

Abstract: A water-based printing ink composition for gravure printing and a method for producing the same are provided. The water-based printing ink composition includes: 1 to 15 parts by weight of a pigment, 1 to 50 parts by weight of an aqueous resin mixture, 1 to 20 parts by weight of a quick-drying agent, and 30 to 80 parts by weight of water. The aqueous resin mixture includes a first aqueous resin and a second aqueous resin, a first glass transition temperature of the first aqueous resin is greater than a second glass transition temperature of the second aqueous resin, and an absolute value of the difference between the first glass transition temperature and the second glass transition temperature is not less than 40° C. The quick-drying agent is an alcohol or a ketone, and the quick-drying agent has a boiling point of not greater than 85° C.

Abstract: A method of reducing sulfur concentration in fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) ash, and mixtures thereof by contacting the fly ash, FGD ash, or mixtures thereof with an aqueous acidic solution, for a time, at a temperature, and at a liquid-to-solid ratio wherein the sulfur concentration within the fly ash, FGD ash, or mixture thereof is reduced to no more than 5 wt % SO3 based on the total weight of dry fly ash, FGD ash, or mixture thereof so treated.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for preparing a carbon black of high resistivity through the surface treatment of the carbon black which exhibits conductivity, and a carbon black prepared by this method.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes for increasing the surface area of a carbon black starting material and for forming mesoporous carbon black. The process includes the step of contacting a carbon black starting material having a first BET nitrogen surface area with an oxidant in a fluidized bed under conditions effective to form a carbon black product having a second BET nitrogen surface area greater than the first BET nitrogen surface area. The invention is also directed to carbon black product formed by this process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modified carbon black, with an unsaturated coupling agent being grafted on the surface thereof. An unsaturated double bond on one end of the coupling agent is grafted on the surface of the carbon black to serves as a grafting group; and an active group on the other end serves as a crosslink group to retain a crosslinking function with rubber in the future. At least one coupling agent is selected from sulfur-containing compound, halogen-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, polyunsaturated compound. The present invention also provides an energy ball milling preparation method for the described product, and provides the formulas and preparation method of two kinds of sulfur-containing unsaturated coupling agent i.e., thioether and thiuram compounds for the described product. The modified carbon black could be crosslinked together with tire rubber. If the carbon black does not move, the rubber also does not move, thereby improving wet grip and driving safety.

Abstract: A method for producing a surface-treated carbon black particle aqueous dispersion that exhibits excellent blackness and dispersibility, exhibits excellent storage stability, suppresses feathering, exhibits an excellent discharge capability and rubfastness (quick-drying capability), and suppresses metal corrosion when used in an aqueous black pigment (colorant) ink, is disclosed. The method for producing a surface-treated carbon black particle aqueous dispersion includes providing an aqueous dispersion of oxidized carbon black particles obtained by forming acidic hydroxyl groups on a surface of carbon black particles having a DBP absorption of 120 cm3/100 g or more, neutralizing 5% or more and less than 50% of the acidic hydroxyl groups with a polyvalent cation, and neutralizing the remainder of the acidic hydroxyl groups with a monovalent cation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are high structured carbon blacks, methods of synthesis and treatment, and dispersions and inkjet ink formulations prepared therefrom. The carbon black can have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and STSA ranging from 160 to 220 m2/g. The carbon black can also have the following properties: OAN?170 mL/100 g; and a ratio of STSA/BET surface area ranging from 0.7 to 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing self-dispersing pigment dispersion for ink-jet application is provided in which a carbon black pigment is first oxidized in a gaseous phase and subsequently functionalized in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carbon black having an aggregate size distribution which has a (d90-d10)/d50 ratio of less than or equal to 1.1. The carbon blacks are produced by admixing hot air if desired to a gas mixture comprising a carrier gas and a carbon black feedstock, passing the gas mixture into a burner pipe, burning the gas mixture at the burner pipe openings, and drawing the flames under suction, together with the ambient air drawn in freely under suction from the outside, through a cooled, narrowing gap, and carrying out cooling, the cooled, narrowing gap having a height (h) to width (b) ratio of 1-100, the width (b) being 0.5 to 10 mm, and the flow rate at the narrowest point of the gap being 10-200 m/s. The carbon blacks of the invention can be used as non-reinforcing filler, reinforcing filler, UV stabilizer, conductive black, pigment or reducing agent.

Abstract: The particle sizes of agglomerates of carbon nanospheres are reduced by dispersing the carbon nanospheres in an organic solvent. The carbon nanospheres are multi-walled, hollow, graphitic structures with an average diameter in a range from about 10 nm to about 200 nm, more preferably about 20 nm to about 100 nm. Spectral data shows that prior to being dispersed, the carbon nanospheres are agglomerated into clusters that range in size from 500 nm to 5 microns. The clusters of nanospheres are reduced in size by dispersing the carbon nanospheres in an organic solvent containing at least one heteroatom (e.g., NMP) using ultrasonication. The combination of organic solvent and ultrasonication breaks up and disperses agglomerates of carbon nanospheres.

Abstract: A carbon black aqueous dispersion exhibits excellent dispersibility in an aqueous medium and exhibits excellent rubbing resistance (quick-drying properties), discharge stability, and the like as an aqueous black ink for an inkjet printer or the like. The carbon black aqueous dispersion includes an aqueous medium and carbon black dispersed in the aqueous medium, acidic groups produced on the surface of the carbon black by liquid-phase oxidation being neutralized with a basic amino acid and a basic compound other than the basic amino acid, and hydrogen atoms of the acidic groups being replaced by the basic amino acid and the basic compound.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a nanophase carbon black grafted with organic compounds, comprising (a) a first component: 100 parts by weight of original carbon black particles, and (b) a second component: 5-300 parts by weight of grafting organic compounds having or producing free radicals which is grafted onto the surface of the carbon black, wherein the molecular weight of the grafting organic compounds is 100-10000, and the nanophase carbon black has a particle size of 1-100 nm. The invention also discloses the synthesis thereof and articles therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxidized modified pigments and dispersions as well as methods of preparing them. Also disclosed are aqueous inkjet ink compositions comprising oxidized modified pigments.

Abstract: A system and method for beneficiation of fly ash particles which at least partially reduces sulfur emissions includes at least one mixing reactor with a chamber and at least one exhaust, at least one fly ash source connected to provide fly ash particles to the chamber, at least one sorbent source, and at least one fluid supply system. The sorbent source provides at least one type of sorbent particles to be mixed with the fly ash particles to reduce sulfur emissions. A mass of the fly ash particles in the chamber is greater than a mass of the sorbent particles in the chamber. The fluid supply system provides at least one fluid to the chamber during a beneficiation of at least a portion of the fly ash particles in the chamber.

Abstract: A carbon black aqueous pigment which exhibits excellent water-dispersibility and ink performance, and a method of producing a carbon black aqueous dispersion are disclosed. The carbon black aqueous pigment includes carbon black A having a specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption of 150 m2/g or more, a DBP absorption of 95 cm3/100 g or more, and a tinting strength of 120% or more, and carbon black B having a specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption of less than 150 m2/g, a DBP absorption of less than 95 cm3/100 g, and a tinting strength of 120% or more, the carbon black A and the carbon black B being subjected to surface oxidation and neutralization, at least the carbon black A being atomized, and the carbon black A and the carbon black B being mixed in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 80:20.

Abstract: There is provided a composite plated product which has a large content of carbon and a large quantity of carbon particles on the surface thereof and which has an excellent wear resistance, by sufficiently dispersing carbon particles in a silver plating solution without using any additives such as dispersing agents and without coating the surface of carbon particles. A wet oxidation treatment for carbon particles is carried out by adding an oxidizing agent to water in which the carbon particles are suspended, and the carbon particles treated by the wet oxidation treatment are added to a cyanide containing silver plating solution for electroplating a substrate to form a coating of a composite material, which contains the carbon particles in a silver layer, on the substrate.

Abstract: A LTHC layer for use in radiation induced thermal transfer includes a modified pigment.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon black product having an organic group attached to the carbon black. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in a protic reaction medium. Carbon black products which may be prepared according to process of the invention are described as well as uses of such carbon black products in plastic compositions, rubber compositions, paper compositions, and textile compositions.

Abstract: A curable film-forming composition is provided comprising (i) 10 to 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of resin solids in the film-forming composition of a crosslinking agent; (ii) 10 to 90 percent by weight of a polymer containing a plurality of functional groups reactive with the crosslinking agent; and (iii) 5 to 85 percent by volume of particles having a mean particle size less than 100 nm. The particles comprise 1 to 99 percent by weight of at least one metal oxide wherein the metal is selected from zinc, titanium, cerium, manganese, bismuth, copper, zirconium and iron. A multi-component composite coating composition is also provided, comprising a pigmented basecoat and a clear coat. The basecoat and/or clearcoat may be derived from the curable film-forming composition described above. Also provided are coated substrates in which the curable coating compositions or the multi-component composite coating compositions described above are applied to a substrate and cured to form a cured coating.

Abstract: A process is provided in which a pigment is oxidated with ozone in an aqueous environment in which the mixture of ozone, water and pigment is subjected to a dispersive mixing operation; and/or the pH of the mixture is maintained in a range of 6-8, whereby the pigment is self-dispersing and preferably has an acid value of less than 3 ?moles/M2. Pigments from this process and ink jet inks containing the self-dispersing pigments, are also provided.

Abstract: There are provided a composite which is formed of a component (a) or a component (b) and a component (c), or the component (a) or the component (b) and a component (d), and is suitable for various uses such as an electrically-conductive material, (a) oxidized form thin film particles which are obtained by oxidizing graphite, have a carbon skeleton, have a thickness of 0.4 nm to 10 nm and a planar-direction size of at least 20 nm and have lyophilic to a liquid having a relative dielectric constant of at least 15, (b) reduced form thin film particles obtained by partially or completely reducing the above thin film particles so as to have an oxygen content of 0 to 35 wt %, (c) a macromolecule as a matrix component, and (d) low molecular-weight parts which bond a plurality of the thin film particles by a covalent bond, a process for the production of the composite, and a method for reducing oxidized form thin film particles.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described which have a volatile content of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 and/or a moisture content of at least 0.5 along with one or more analytical properties. Inks and coating and other compositions are further described which include the carbon blacks of the present invention. Methods of decreasing the cure energy of an ink as well as methods to improve storage stability are further described.

Abstract: A method for forming an aqueous carbon black dispersion including providing a reaction mixture including carbon black having a DBP uptake of greater than 90 cc/100 g of the carbon black, a monovalent ion persulfate, an aqueous medium, and, in some embodiments, a strong acid; subjecting the reaction mixture to a first temperature of from 40° C. to 90° C. for from 2 hours to 24 hours; neutralizing the reaction mixture to a pH greater than 7.0, and, in certain embodiments, subjecting the neutralized reaction mixture to a second temperature of from 20° C. to 40° C. higher than the first temperature for from 2 hours to 12 hours is provided. In an alternative aspect carbon black having a particle diameter less than 18 nanometers in diameter and a DBP uptake of less than 70 cc/100 g carbon black is provided. The aqueous carbon black dispersion so formed and an aqueous inkjet ink containing the aqueous carbon black dispersion are also provided.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon black product having an organic group attached to the carbon black. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in a protic reaction medium. Carbon black products which may be prepared according to process of the invention are described as well as uses of such carbon black products in plastic compositions, rubber compositions, paper compositions, and textile compositions.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an organic pigment including dispersing the pigment in an aqueous medium and exposing the dispersed pigment to ultrasonic radiation, whereby the exposed pigment exhibits from 3 to 10 microequivalents of carboxylic acid, or salts thereof, per square meter of pigment surface.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described which have a volatile content of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 and/or a moisture content of at least 0.5 along with one or more analytical properties. Inks and coating and other compositions are further described which include the carbon blacks of the present invention. Methods of decreasing the cure energy of an ink as well as methods to improve storage stability are further described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 400 m2/g. In addition, the present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a modified carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 350 m2/g, wherein the modified carbon product comprises a carbon product having attached at least one organic group.

Abstract: A method for preventing a carbon dispersion from increasing in viscosity during use is described. The dispersion comprises graphite particles or carbon black particles or a combination of both dispersed in a fluid. The method involves lowering the susceptibility of the carbon dispersion to an increase in viscosity or ionic strength by lowering its pH or reducing its exposure to reactive components in the ambient atmospheric gas. The pH can be lowered by at least partially removing ammonia from the dispersion, or by adding a material that reduces the pH of the dispersion. The stability of the dispersion can also be improved by isolating the dispersion from reactive atmospheric gas. The stabilized aqueous carbon dispersion can have a viscosity of less than about 20 cps and a conductivity of less than about 3 mS.

Abstract: Thin-film-like particles and isolated films of an extremely small thickness having a skeleton constructed by carbons are provided. The thin-film-like particles take independent shapes, have a thickness of 0.4 to 10 nm and a breadth in a planar direction of 20 nm or more, and can disperse in a liquid having a relative dielectric constant of 15 or more. The thin-film-like particles are obtained by promoting separation of layers in oxidation of graphite. The particles in their dispersion are placed, along with the dispersion, on a mesh, and dried to obtain an isolated thin film. The thin-film-like particles are reduced to obtain thin-film-like graphite particles and these collective matters.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous ink composition comprising an aqueous medium and a surface-modified pigment capable of dispersing and/or dissolving in water without a dispersant, wherein the composition has a free monovalent anion concentration of 250 ppm or less.

Abstract: An ink composition containing a surface-modified pigment is provided which can realize anti-clogging properties and images having high print density. The ink composition comprises at least a colorant, glycerin, a glycol compound, and water, the colorant being a surface-modified pigment dispersible and/or dissolvable in water without any dispersant, the glycerin being contained in an amount of 3 to 30% by weight based on the ink composition, the glycol compound being contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the ink composition and having a molecular weight of 130 to 3,000.

Abstract: Aqueous carbon black dispersions, wherein the carbon black dispersions contain no wetting agent and contain at least one ozone-oxidized carbon black. The dispersions are produced by dispersing ozone-oxidized carbon black and other constituents in water. The dispersions may be used for the production of inks, printing inks and water-based lacquer systems.

Abstract: The present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 400 m2/g. In addition, the present invention discloses coating compositions comprising a liquid vehicle and a modified carbon product having a t-area greater than or equal to 350 m2/g, wherein the modified carbon product comprises a carbon product having attached at least one organic group.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon black product having an organic group attached to the carbon black. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in a protic reaction medium. Carbon black products which may be prepared according to process of the invention are described as well as uses of such carbon black products in plastic compositions, rubber compositions, paper compositions, and textile compositions.

Abstract: An oxidatively aftertreated carbon black has a content of volatile constituents of more than 10 wt. %, based on its total weight, and the ratio of its CTAB surface area to the iodine adsorption number is greater than 2 m2/mg. The carbon black may be a channel black oxidatively aftertreated with ozone. The carbon black according to the invention is used preferably as pigment carbon black for the production of water-based paints, printing inks and as inks for mechanical and manual recording and drawing instruments. The combination of properties imparts to the carbon black an excellent dispersibility in water-based binder systems. The paints, printing inks and printer inks produced from this carbon black have an outstanding stability in storage.

Abstract: It is provided an aqueous pigment dispersion having improved dispersing stability in which carbon black shows appropriate initial dispersing property and long-term dispersing property to water, and carbon black particles are less susceptible to aggregation. Moreover, it is provided a raw material for ink-jet ink having improved printing density when alkali metal cation is substituted by potassium ion. The present invention is summarized as an aqueous pigment dispersion, which contains surface modified carbon black that is obtained by wet-oxidizing carbon black by using hypohalous acid and/or a salt thereof, and alkali metal cation, characterized in that concentration of the alkali metal cation is not more than 2% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a set of water-based pigment inks for ink-jet, comprising a black pigment ink and other pigment inks different in hue from the black pigment ink, which the pigment inks each comprise water, a water-soluble organic solvent and an aqueous pigment dispersion, wherein respective polymeric dispersants used in the black pigment ink and the other pigment inks different in hue from the black pigment ink are different in polarity from each other.

Abstract: In the present invention, a pigment is irradiated with a microwave so as to improve a surface thereof. Further, letting A be an area of a portion having hydrophilic groups on a surface of the pigment and B be an area of the other portion thereon, which are respectively found by measuring infrared spectrometers of the pigment, a ratio (A/B) is not less than 4. Water base ink according to the present invention is obtained by dispersing such a pigment in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The ink of the invention comprises a vehicle and a colorant. The colorant is a water-insoluble pigment that has been chemically modified to be water dispersable by addition of functional groups to the surface of the pigment resulting in water soluble colorant particles. The performance of these pigments is improved by the addition of specific functional groups which provide improved black to color bleed control and high waterfastness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic pigments having an organic group which comprises: a) at least one aromatic group, at least one C1-20 alkyl group, or both; and b) at least one cationically charged ionic group, at least one cationically chargeable ionizable group or both, and a corresponding counter-anion. The cationic pigments of the present invention have been found useful in aqueous or solvent based compositions and particularly in ink compositions, especially ink jet ink compositions. A method for preparing the cationic pigments is also disclosed.

Abstract: The ink of the invention comprises a vehicle and a macromolecular chromophore colorant. The colorant is a water-insoluble pigment that has been chemically modified to be water dispersible by addition of functional groups to the surface of the pigment resulting in water dispersible colorant particles. The performance of these pigments is improved by the addition of specific functional groups which provide improved black to color bleed control and high waterfastness.

Abstract: A method for producing oxidation-treated carbon black, which comprises oxidizing carbon black by ozone in the presence of water until the total amount of acid groups of the carbon black becomes at least 3 .mu.equ/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of carbon black with an aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide where carbon blacks are mixed with aqueous hydrogen peroxide then dried in order to efficiently oxidize industrial quantities of carbon black using standard carbon black production equipment and production rates and under conditions that produce no hazardous emissions and require no special handling.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous pigment ink composition comprising at least water and carbon black, wherein a surface oxygen content of said carbon black is not less than 0.07 in atom-numeral ratio based on carbon atom measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic method, and a combined value of a surface carboxyl group carbon content and a surface hydroxyl group carbon content of said carbon black, the both being measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic method, is not less than 0.5%. The aqueous pigment ink composition realizes smooth printing with an ink jet nozzle, and smooth writing with a fine pen tip and it has sufficient density. Further, the recorded traces obtained by using the ink composition is excellent in water resistance.

Abstract: A pigment composition for liquid toner comprising a carbon black, a resin and non-aqueous solvent, the carbon black and the resin being dissolved and dispersed in the non-aqueous solvent, and any one of (1) carbon black having a grit content of not more than 10 ppm and an ash content of not more than 0.1% by weight, (2) such carbon black that a value obtained by dividing a total amount of oxygen calculated from a composition of volatile components in carbon black at 1,500.degree. C. by a specific surface area thereof, lies in the range of 0.20 to 0.40 mg/m.sup.2, and (3) such carbon black that when extracted with monochlorobenzene, the content of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the extract is not more than 30 ppm, being used as the carbon black. The composition is produced by kneading the pigment and the resin together, freeze-pulverizing the mixture and then dissolving and dispersing the resultant particles in the non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a carbon black product having an organic group attached to the carbon black. In one process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in the absence of an externally applied electric current sufficient to reduce the diazonium salt. In another process at least one diazonium salt reacts with a carbon black in a protic reaction medium. Carbon black products which may be prepared according to process of the invention are described as well as uses of such carbon black products in plastic compositions, rubber compositions, paper compositions, and textile compositions.

Abstract: A modified carbon product is described which comprises carbon having attached at least one organic group wherein the organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group, and b) a group having the formula -AG-Sp-LG-Z, wherein AG is an activating group, Sp is a spacer group, LG is a leaving group, and Z is a counterion, and wherein the aromatic or the C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl group is directly attached to the carbon, and wherein the organic group is present in any amount. The present invention also relates to ink and coating compositions comprising these modified carbon products.

Abstract: An aqueous pigment ink composition comprising an oxidized carbon black obtained by wet-oxidation of a carbon black using a hypohalous acid and/or salt thereof, and a water-soluble cationic polymer or oligomer in an aqueous medium. The aqueous pigment ink composition of the present invention does not cause clogging in a nozzle when used for ink jet recording, enables smooth writing from a narrow pen tip, and provides a recorded image excellent in water resistance and light resistance and excellent in density and hue.