Abstract: This invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising applying a base paint (X) having a solids content ratio of 30 to 62 mass % to a substrate to form a base coating film having a cured film thickness of 6 to 45 ?m; applying an effect pigment dispersion (Y) having a solids content ratio of 0.1 to 10 mass % to the base coating film to form an effect coating film having a cured film thickness of 0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode 15a and a second electrode 18 facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer 17 provided between the first electrode 15a and the second electrode 18, and including a first quinacridone derivative represented by a formula (1).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing ?-phenylethanol. The method comprises the following steps: (1) reducing a catalyst in a reactor in advance; (2) introducing pre-heated hydrogen gas to warm the reactor to a predetermined temperature; and (3) introducing a raw material styrene oxide to perform a hydrogenation reaction so as to obtain the ?-phenylethanol. The catalyst is Ni—Cu/Al2O3 nanosized self-assembled catalyst. The reactor is an ultrasonic field micro-packed bed reactor. The method of the present invention enables the selectivity of the ?-phenylethanol to reach 99% or more.

Abstract: An ink composition is described herein. In one example, an ink includes at least one pigment, at least one dispersant, and at least one durable polymer in a water-based dispersion medium including at least one hydrophilic solvent. The dispersant is present at from about 0.05 wt % to about 15 wt % of the ink composition. Further, the ink composition includes at least one dispersion additive.

Abstract: To provide a pigment dispersion excellent in dispersibility and spectral characteristics. The pigment dispersion at least includes: a dispersion medium; a compound represented by a general formula (1), the compound being dispersed in the dispersion medium; and a pigment having a quinacridone skeleton, the pigment being dispersed in the dispersion medium: in the general formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group.

Abstract: Non-aqueous pigment dispersions exhibiting improved dispersion quality and/or stability were prepared for a specific selection of naphthol AS pigments, diketopyrrolo-pyrrole pigments and quinacridone pigments, by using specific yellow monoazo dispersion synergists. The non-aqueous pigment dispersions can be advantageously used in inkjet inks inkjet printing methods.

Abstract: Novel, nano-structured particles are formed by introducing a selected solid of interest into a structured fluid matrix formed by a dispersion of a small molecule host vessel, such as a native or modified polysaccharide, cavitand, simple sugar, simple polyol or other similarly structured molecule known to be useful as a host vessel, in an acidic medium or other solvent, whereby the particle size of the introduced solid is reduced and or limited by incorporation into the host vessel. The simple, one-step mixing process results in stabilized colloidal dispersions of the nanoparticles useful in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: Encapsulated nanoscale particles of organic pigments include a polymer-based encapsulating material, and one or more nanoscale organic pigment particles encapsulated by the polymer-based encapsulating material. Such encapsulated nanoscale particles of organic pigments can be made by providing nanosized organic pigment particles comprised of surface-associated sterically bulky stabilizer compounds; providing a copolymer material comprising organic pigment-affinic functional groups and non pigment affinic monomer units; associating the nanoscale organic pigment particles with the copolymer material so as to effect a deposited layer or shell of the copolymer material around said nanoscale organic pigment particles, thereby producing an encapsulated nanoscale organic pigment particle; and optionally further reinforcing the encapsulated nanosized organic pigment particle with one or more surface treatments.

Abstract: To provide a pigment dispersion excellent in dispersibility and spectral characteristics. The pigment dispersion at least includes: a dispersion medium; a compound represented by a general formula (1), the compound being dispersed in the dispersion medium; and a pigment having a quinacridone skeleton, the pigment being dispersed in the dispersion medium: in the general formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group.

Abstract: A method of preparing a pigment includes, in order, the steps of: a) providing a pigment containing a nucleophile group under basic conditions; b) reacting the pigment with a compound according to Formula (I): wherein, X is a halogen atom or a tosylate group, and R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group; and c) hydrolyzing the R1-O bond and/or the R2-O bond. The obtained pigments can be used in non-aqueous pigment dispersions.

Abstract: A method of preparing a pigment includes in order the steps of: a) providing a pigment containing a nucleophile group under basic conditions; b) reacting the pigment with 1,4-butane sultone or 1,3-propane sultone in an alkaline medium to form sulfobutyl groups respectively sulfopropyl groups on the pigment surface; and c) adding acid to convert the sulfobutyl groups or sulfopropyl groups to sulfonic acid groups. Pigments obtainable by the method and non aqueous pigment dispersions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel crystal forms of solid solutions of 2,9-dimethyoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone. The crystal forms may be formed by a process comprising the steps of: a) heating a mixture of 2,5-di(4-methoxyanilino)terephthalic acid, and 2,5-di(4-chloroanilino)terephthalic acid in polyphorsphoric acid at a temperature less than 1050 C to form a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone; b) combining the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone with water; and c) heating the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone at a temperature not more than 110° C. Another crystal form may be formed by the process of heating a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone in a polar aprotic solvent. These products are may be used for coloring fibers, plastics, paints, coatings, printing inks, color filters, cosmetics, automotive coatings, textiles, fibers, powder coatings, in-mold coatings, laminate films, and the like.

Abstract: A sterically bulky stabilizer that is associated non-covalently with a benzimidazolone pigment. The sterically bulky stabilizer compound includes an aromatic acid derivative, and the presence of the sterically bulky stabilizer limits an extent of particle growth and aggregation, to afford nanoscale pigment particles.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic hybrid pigment composition is provided comprising an organic pigment, an inorganic pigment, and a fibrous clay. The fibrous clay can be selected from palygorskite, sepiolite, or a combination thereof. The inorganic pigment is selected from rutile pigments, spinel pigments, bismuth vanadate pigments, cerium sulfide pigments, and combinations thereof. The organic pigment is selected from anthraquinone pigments, anthrathrone pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments, azo pigments, azomethine pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrol pigments, inanthrone pigments, isoindoline pigments, metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, pyranthrone pigments, pyrazolo-quinazolone pigments, thioindigo pigments, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of preparing a pigment includes the steps of: a) providing a mixture including: a pigment selected from the group of pigments including at least 50 wt % of C.I. Pigment Violet 23, C.I. Pigment Red 146, C.I. Pigment Red 176, C.I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. Pigment Violet 19 and C.I. Pigment Orange 13 based on the total weight of the pigment; alkyl nitrile; and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and chlorosulfuric acid, with the acid present in the mixture in amount of more than 2 wt % based on the total weight of the pigment; b) heating the mixture for more than 2 hours to a temperature of at least 70° C.; and c) filtering the mixture and washing the filtrand with a washing liquid containing water until the filtrate has a pH between 4 and 7. Pigments obtainable by the method and non aqueous pigment dispersions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Mixtures of additives in granular form comprising: one or more stabilizers for organic polymers; one or more organic or inorganic pigments; and/or one or more dyes; obtained by extrusion at a temperature capable of enabling the partial or total melting of the lowest-melting component. The above mixtures can be used in the stabilization and dyeing of organic polymers.

Abstract: Novel crystal forms of solid solutions of 2,9-dimethyoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone. The crystal forms may be formed by a process comprising the steps of: a) heating a mixture of 2,5-di(4-methoxyanilino)terephthalic acid, and 2,5-di(4-chloroanilino)terephthalic acid in polyphorsphoric acid at a temperature less than 1050 C to form a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone; b) combining the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone with water; and c) heating the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone at a temperature not more than 110° C. Another crystal form may be formed by the process of heating a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone in a polar aprotic solvent. These products are may be used for coloring fibers, plastics, paints, coatings, printing inks, color filters, cosmetics, automotive coatings, textiles, fibers, powder coatings, in-mold coatings, laminate films, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating material comprising (A) at least one binder as component (A) and (B) at least one photocatalytically active particle comprising a core composed of at least one first substance having a diameter of 0.1 to 1 ?m and at least one envelope at least partly surrounding the core and composed of at least one second substance having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 nm as component (B).

Abstract: A hybrid pigment composition and method of forming the hybrid pigment composition is provided. The hybrid pigment composition is formed from a fibrous clay and a dye or pigment. The dye or pigment includes perinones, diphenylmethanes, acridines, xanthenes, triarylmethanes, thiazines, indophenols, indulines, nigrosines, aminoazobenzenes, anilines, monoazos, benzimidazoles, diazos, phthalocyanines, quinacridones, metal complexes, azo/metal complexes, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of modifying a pigment that includes reacting a reactive compound having an X—[Y]n reactive group with a secondary compound N—S—ZM to form a substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a—X—(N—S—ZM)b. A pigment is reacted with the substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a—X—(N—S—ZM)b to attach the substituted reactive intermediate to the surface of the pigment to form a surface modified pigment. X may be a sulfonyl, phosphoryl, or 1,3,5-triazinyl group, Y may be a halogen leaving group, N may be a basic nucleophilic group, S may be an organic group, and ZM may be an ionizable end group. Also, n is an integer between 1 and 3, b is an integer between 1 and 3, and a=n?b. When n is equal to or greater than b, and if b is 2 or 3, each N—S—ZM can be the same or different.

Abstract: The invention relates to pigment preparations containing (i) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, and (ii) a dispersant of formula (I) or (II), or mixtures of dispersants of formulae (I) and (II), wherein A is C2-C4 alkylene and B is a C2-C4 alkylene different from A, D is propylene, and Q is SO3, CH2—COO, PO3M or QM.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous pigment preparations containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersant of formula (I) or (II), or mixtures of the dispersants of formula (I) and (II), (C) optionally wetting agents, (D) optionally other surfactants and/or dispersants, (E) optionally one or more organic solvents or one or more hydrotropic substances, (F) optionally other additives used conventionally for the production of aqueous pigment dispersions and (G) water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous pigment preparation, containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersing agent of the formulas (I), (II), (III) or (IV), or mixtures of the dispersing agent of the formulas (I), (II), (III) or (IV), (C) optionally a wetting agent (D) optionally further surfactants and/or dispersing agents, (E) optionally one or multiple organic solvents, or one or multiple hydrotropic substances, (F) optionally further additives common for the production of aqueous pigment dispersions, and (G) water.

Abstract: A tinting system for producing a defined number of shades of a paint ready for use characterized by: (a) a dye set, (b) a color identification means, and (c) plurality of metering means for accommodating a shade component, and a brightening component. Each metering means being designed to manually meter the respective dye component and to exactly reproduce the number of shades defined by the color identification means.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous pigment preparation containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersant of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) or mixtures of the dispersants of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV), (C) optionally wetting agents, (C) optionally other surfactants and/other dispersants, (E) optionally at least one organic solvent or at least one hydrotropic substance, (F) optionally other additives commonly used to produce aqueous pigment dispersions.

Abstract: Novel crystal forms of solid solutions of 2,9-dimethyoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone. The crystal forms may be formed by a process comprising the steps of: a) heating a mixture of 2,5-di(4-methoxyanilino)terephthalic acid, and 2,5-di(4-chloroanilino)terephthalic acid in polyphorsphoric acid at a temperature less than 1050 C to form a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone; b) combining the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone with water; and c) heating the mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone at a temperature not more than 110° C. Another crystal form may be formed by the process of heating a mixture of 2,9-dimethoxyquinacridone and 2,9-dichloroquinacridone in a polar aprotic solvent. These products are may be used for coloring fibers, plastics, paints, coatings, printing inks, color filters, cosmetics, automotive coatings, textiles, fibers, powder coatings, in-mold coatings, laminate films, and the like.

Abstract: A method of producing a modified pigment by sulfonating a pigment and subsequently oxidizing the pigment. The modified pigment may have sulfonic acid and carboxyl surface modifying groups attached to the surface of the pigment. Charge balancing counterions such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and NR1R2R3H+, where R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or C1-C5 alkyl groups, may be associated with the surface modifying groups. The modified pigment is combined with water to produce a dispersion that can be used in such applications as coatings, paints, papers, adhesives, latexes, toners, textiles, fibers, plastics and inks.

Abstract: A method of finishing an organic pigment by dry-comminuting said pigment in the presence of a sulfonato-functional condensation product of an arylsulfonic acid and at least one aliphatic aldehyde having 1 to 6 C atoms as crystallization modifier, dispersing the resulting mixture of pigment and crystallization modifier in mineral acid, and swelling the pigment in the presence of the crystallization modifier in mineral acid.

Abstract: A method of modifying a pigment that includes reacting a reactive compound having an X—[Y]n reactive group with a secondary compound N—S—ZM to form a substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a—X—(N—S—ZM)b. A pigment is reacted with the substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a—X—(N—S—ZM)b to attach the substituted reactive intermediate to the surface of the pigment to form a surface modified pigment. X may be a sulfonyl, phosphoryl, or 1,3,5-triazinyl group, Y may be a halogen leaving group, N may be a basic nucleophilic group, S may be an organic group, and ZM may be an ionizable end group. Also, n is an integer between 1 and 3, b is an integer between 1 and 3, and a=n?b. When n is equal to or greater than b, and if b is 2 or 3, each. N—S—ZM can be the same or different.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for controlling the bleed fastness of organic coloring pigments in paper coatings comprising a) 1 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an organic coloring pigment, b) 1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of one or more binders, c) 0 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of starch, d) 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an anionic direct dye, e) 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition one or more auxiliaries and f) water to 100%, a method of application and use of the composition.

Abstract: A method of producing a modified pigment by sulfonating a pigment and subsequently oxidizing the pigment. The modified pigment may have sulfonic acid and carboxyl surface modifying groups attached to the surface of the pigment. Charge balancing counterions such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and NR1R2R3H+, where R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or C1-C5 alkyl groups, may be associated with the surface modifying groups. The modified pigment is combined with water to produce a dispersion that can be used in such applications as coatings, paints, papers, adhesives, latexes, toners, textiles, fibers, plastics and inks.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous pigment preparations containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersant of formula (I) or (II), or mixtures of the dispersants of formula (I) and (II), (C) optionally wetting agents, (D) optionally other surfactants and/or dispersants, (E) optionally one or more organic solvents or one or more hydrotropic substances, (F) optionally other additives used conventionally for the production of aqueous pigment dispersions and (G) water.

Abstract: A method of finishing an organic pigment by dry-comminuting said pigment in the presence of a sulfonato-functional condensation product of an arylsulfonic acid and at least one aliphatic aldehyde having 1 to 6 C atoms as crystallization modifier, dispersing the resulting mixture of pigment and crystallization modifier in mineral acid, and swelling the pigment in the presence of the crystallization modifier in mineral acid.

Abstract: According to the method of producing organic pigment fine particles of the present invention, when producing organic pigment fine particles by allowing two or more solutions at least one of which is an organic pigment solution in which an organic pigment is dissolved to flow through a microchannel, the organic pigment solution flows through the microchannel in a non-laminar state. Accordingly, the contact area of solutions per unit time can be increased and the length of diffusion mixing can be shortened, and thus instantaneous mixing of solutions becomes possible. As a result, nanometer-scale monodisperse organic pigment fine particles can be produced in a stable manner.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new 2,9-dichloroquinacridone in platelet form, a process for its preparation and its use for coloring high molecular weight organic material. The 2,9-dichloroquinacridone in platelet form has a length of 1 to 45 ?m, a width of 0.1 to 20 ?m and an average thickness of 0.01 to 5 ?m and is characterized in that the hue-value h in remission is ?31 and/or the lightness L* in transmission is ?20 and/or a decreasing b* value and an increasing a* value from an illuminating and viewing angle (aspecular angle) 45°/110° (+25°) to 45°/90° (+45°).

Abstract: A pigment dispersed liquid prepared by heat-treating an aqueous pigment dispersion containing a self-dispersing pigment, but not a dispersing resin.

Abstract: A method of modifying a pigment that includes reacting a reactive compound having an X-[Y]n reactive group with a secondary compound N-S-ZM to form a substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b. A pigment is reacted with the substituted reactive intermediate [Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b to attach the substituted reactive intermediate to the surface of the pigment to form a surface modified pigment. X may be a sulfonyl, phosphoryl, or 1,3,5-triazinyl group, Y may be a halogen leaving group, N may be a basic nucleophilic group, S may be an organic group, and ZM may be an ionizable end group. Also, n is an integer between 1 and 3, b is an integer between 1 and 3, and a=n?b. When n is equal to or greater than b, and if b is 2 or 3, each N-S-ZM can be the same or different.

Abstract: A method of producing a modified pigment by sulfonating a pigment and subsequently oxidizing the pigment. The modified pigment may have sulfonic acid and carboxyl surface modifying groups attached to the surface of the pigment. Charge balancing counterions such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and NR1R2R3H+, where R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or C1-C5 alkyl groups, may be associated with the surface modifying groups. The modified pigment is combined with water to produce a dispersion that can be used in such applications as coatings, paints, papers, adhesives, latexes, toners, textiles, fibers, plastics and inks.

Abstract: A process for continuous flush of a pigment press cake involves applying a dispersant to the press cake to produce a fluidized press cake, continuously feeding the fluidized press cake into a twin screw extruder and mixing it with a neutralizing agent in the extruder, mixing the neutralized press cake with a liquid organic medium in the extruder to produce an organic flush phase and a water phase, and removing at least part of the water phase from the extruder through one or more parts of the extruder.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous pigment preparations containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersant of formula (I) or (II), or mixtures of the dispersants of formulas (I) and (II), (C) optionally wetting agents, (D) optionally other surfactants and/or dispersants, (E) optionally one or more organic solvents or one or more hydrotropic substances, (F) optionally other additives used conventionally for the production of aqueous pigment dispersions and (G) water.

Abstract: A sulfonated derivative of an organic pigment moiety comprising a polyetheramine, and a metal or ammonium salt. The pigment is used for coloration of printing inks and coatings. For ink-jet systems there is excellent filterability, low viscosity, and stability thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a pigment preparation comprising (a) C.I. Pigment Red 254 with an average particle size d50 of not more than 100 nm; (b) 0.1% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the PR 254, of one or more dispersants from the group of the unlaked sulfo-containing monoazo dyes; and (c) 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pigment preparation containing (a) 50-99 percent by weight of at least one pigment, (b) 1 to 50 percent by weight of an additive based on polyalkylene glycols, and (c) 0 to 10 percent by weight of an auxiliary agent from among the group comprising fillers, fire retardants, preservatives, light-stability agents, pigmentary and non-pigmentary dispersing agents, surfactants, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, resins, and antistatic agents, the percentages being in relation to the total weight of the pigment preparation. The additive that is based on polyalkylene glycols corresponds to formula Z?-[-(AO—)n1—B-T-X—Y]m—Z (1), wherein AO represents a C2-C10 alkyleneoxy unit, B represents a C2-C10 alkylene radical, and T represents —NR—, X represents one of the groups (formula), and Y represents a chemical bond or —NR3—.

Abstract: Pigment compositions each contain an organic pigment and at least one compound selected from compounds represented by the following formula (II), respectively: A-N?N—CH(COCH3)—CONH-E, B—N?N—CH(COCH3)—CONH-E or C—N?N—CH(COCH3)—CONH-E, wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, B represents a substituted or unsubstituted ?-naphthyl group, C represents a substituted or unsubstituted ?-anthraquinonyl group, D represents a particular substituted aromatic group, and E represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, with a proviso that the compounds each have at least one substituent represented by —COOM or —SO3M in which M represents a hydrogen atom, metal atom, ammonium group, organic amine group or quaternary ammonium group. Colored compositions making use of the pigment compositions and color filters making use of the colored compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing a dispersion of organic fine particles having a volume average particle diameter (Mv) of 10 nm to 100 nm, which has the step of: subjecting an organic fine particle dispersion liquid containing a high molecular compound to heating treatment under flowing through a channel.

Abstract: A method is provided for pigment dispersion. The method includes preparing a solution in which the pigment is dissolved in an organic acid, preparing a reaction liquid capable of decreasing the solubility of the pigment in the solution, and mixing the solution and the reaction liquid in the presence of an additive represented by a General Formula (1) below, CmH2m+1(OCH2CH2)nOH??(1) wherein m is an integer higher than 14 and lower than 18, and n is an integer equal to or higher than 15 and equal to or lower than 25.

Abstract: According to the method of producing organic pigment fine particles of the present invention, when producing organic pigment fine particles by allowing two or more solutions at least one of which is an organic pigment solution in which an organic pigment is dissolved to flow through a microchannel, the organic pigment solution flows through the microchannel in a non-laminar state. Accordingly, the contact area of solutions per unit time can be increased and the length of diffusion mixing can be shortened, and thus instantaneous mixing of solutions becomes possible. As a result, nanometer-scale monodisperse organic pigment fine particles can be produced in a stable manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigment granules which contain inorganic filter aids and a process for the production thereof and their use for colouring lime- and/or cement-bound building materials, asphalt, paints, finishes, paper or plastics.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pigment dispersion includes mixing a solution in which a pigment is dissolved in an acid, and a reaction liquid that decreases a solubility of the pigment in the solution, in the presence of a dispersant for the pigment, and causing the pigment to precipitate. The solution and reaction liquid are mixed in the presence of the dispersant and a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pigment compositions which give improved ink flow is provided which comprises treating the pigment, during the pigment synthesis, with a small amount of a long chain aliphatic amine. The pigment compositions obtained can be used for preparing millbase inks which due to their improved flow viscosity (rheology) at high pigmentation can be easily handled as well as flexibly formulated, e.g. a number of final printing inks for different ink applications can be manufactured from a single millbase in a very economical manner. The final inks are preferably used in packaging gravure printing processes.