Abstract: A coir pellet has coconut pith mixed with at least one other material, and binder mixed into the coconut pith, wherein the coconut pith, at least one other material and the binder are compressed at a ratio of at least 3:1. A method of producing coir pellets includes conditioning coconut pith and at least one other material to produce conditioned material, first compressing the conditioned material to produce pellets of a first size at a first compression ratio, at least a second compressing the pellets of a first sized to produce pellets of at least a second size at a second compression ratio, wherein the second size is smaller than the first size, and the second compression ratio is higher than the first compression ratio, polishing the pellets of at least a second size to produce polished pellets, and drying the polished pellets to produce the coir pellets.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite gypsum board comprising a board core and a concentrated layer, as well as related methods of preparing board and slurries. The board core and the concentrated layer both are formed from water and stucco. The concentrated layer is designed to have higher density and/or nail pull than the core. The concentrated layer is further formed from a polysaccharide that forms a complex with calcium ions, e.g., an alginate compound such as sodium alginate. In some embodiments, the concentrated layer is formed from an enhancing additive to enhance strength therein, while the core is formed without using enhancing additive or less enhancing additive than used in forming the board core.

Abstract: Method of making foamed gypsum slurry having 15 to 90 volume percent gas bubbles including: passing first slurry including water and on dry basis 50 to 98 wt. % calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 1 to 50 wt. % calcium carbonate, and 0.1 to 10 wt. % cellulose thickener via a first hose to a Wye connector conduit first inlet opening at Rate C and passing alum solution via a second hose to a second inlet opening of the conduit at Rate D to create combined mixed stream passing from the conduit to a static mixer for mixing for Time 3 to activate at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and alum to generate CO2 and create the foamed gypsum slurry; transferring the slurry from the mixer to a cavity between two wall boards via a third hose. Allowing the slurry in the cavity to expand, harden and dry.

Abstract: A two-component mortar mass includes a resin component (A), which contains as curable constituent at least one radically curable resin, and a curing component (B) which contains a curing agent for the radically curable resin of the resin component (A), wherein the resin component (A) and/or the curing component (B) contain(s) as further constituent at least one inorganic additive. The inorganic additive contains a transition aluminum oxide having an average particle size d50 of at least 7.0 ?m and a pore diameter of 4.0 nm to 30.0 nm.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and a method for detecting voids in a cementitious board can be used in connection with the manufacture of products, including cementitious board products such as gypsum wallboard, for example. Such systems and methods can be used to generate numerical void measurements based upon a series of thermal images obtained during the continuous manufacture of the cementitious board.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-filming surface adjuvant for hydraulic binders comprising at least one fat and at least one anti-caking agent, to its preparation method as well as to a method for preparing a hydraulic binder composition suitable for making screeds or self-compacting concretes (SCC) including the step consisting of adding to the hydraulic binder the adjuvant according to the invention at a dosage comprised between 50 and 1,500 g/m3 of screed or of concrete.

Abstract: A plaster-based material, in particular a plasterboard intended for the interior fitting of dwellings, contains a metal complex of EDTA. The plaster-based material is used for reducing the amount of volatile organic compounds present in the atmosphere inside dwellings, offices or public buildings.

Abstract: A process and system for manufacturing gypsum wallboard that aerates, conditions, and cools a portion of the stucco used in the manufacturing process. This conditioning of the stucco reduces the amount of water needed to manufacture the gypsum wallboard which in turn reduces the amount of energy and cost needed to manufacture the wallboard. The stucco may also be pretreated with water. This process may be carried out using a conveyor that agitates a moving bed of stucco while the top surface of the bed is subject to a low pressure water spray.

Abstract: A process for producing insulating foam, wherein certain especially small inorganic minerals such as silica fume are directly integrated into bubble fluid to better mechanically strengthen bubbles formed and thus allow the formation of smaller bubbles to be reformed by mechanical means. In this process where these same bubbles are now in some part composed of inorganic solids. A process whereby these minerals are maintained as to their median size and dispersion within the bubble fluid by the following; rotor stator mixing and or a recirculating pump, the inclusion within exotherming calcium-chloride salt, the use of other physical exciters such as hydrogen-peroxide, and by straining out outliers of unwanted size or form.

Abstract: Calcium phosphate cement compositions are provided. Aspects of the cement compositions include a dry reactant component comprising a reactive ?-tricalcium phosphate component, a multi-size pore forming calcium sulphate dihydrate component and a demineralized bone matrix component. During use, the dry reactant is combined with a setting fluid to produce a sellable composition that sets into a high strength porous product. Aspects of the invention further include the settable compositions themselves as well as kits for preparing the same. Methods and compositions as described herein find use in a variety of applications, including hard tissue repair applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are cementitious product, as well as cementitious slurry, and method of forming the product. To reduce density in the cementitious product, foam is included in the slurry and in the method of forming the product. The slurry includes cementitious particles, water, and air bubbles such as from compressed air. Instead of using detergent chemistry at the gas/water interface of bubbles, the present invention uses a surface modifying agent for the cementitious particles in the slurry. The modified particles act to produce stable foam in the slurry. As an example mode of introduction, the surface modifier can be added (e.g., as solid or solution) directly into a bulk cementitious slurry that forms the product. As another example, the surface modifier can be added in a separate solution with water, air bubbles, and cementitious particles that serve as additive to the main cementitious slurry, where the separate solution is then added to the main cementitious slurry.

Abstract: A pre-mixed mortar, stucco or masonry composition includes from 70 to 80 percent sand and from 20 to 30 percent of a light-weight cement mix composition that comprises either slag cement, Gypsum or a combination of slag cement and gypsum; Portland cement; clay; and polystyrene.

Abstract: The method for applying a heat insulation layer to an area is characterized in that alpha-hemihydrate or beta-gypsum or lime-alpha-hemihydrate or a mixture thereof is mixed as hydraulic binder with a pore former consisting of aluminum powder, mixed with ground limestone, and citric acid with addition of water and is cast in liquid or pasty form onto the area. The mixture has a pH of 11.8 or more. The constituents are preferably mixed on site, namely in such a consistency that the mixture is self-leveling. Placement on the laying site can e.g. be carried out by means of a floor screed pump. The material expands to the desired total thickness, yielding a homogeneous insulation layer of uniform thickness and quality and of high strength that will reach its high final strength after about 24 hours. The material can also be applied in a pasty consistency to a wall.

Abstract: Surfactant-coated hemihydrate gypsum which is coated with 0.01 to 1 part by weight of a surfactant based on 100 parts by weight of hemihydrate gypsum, wherein the residual rate of the surfactant when the surfactant-coated hemihydrate gypsum is heated up to 300° C. is not less than 40 wt % of the amount of the surfactant before heating.

Abstract: A wallboard, a method of preparing a wallboard, and a method of making a gypsum slurry to prepare a wallboard are provided. The wallboard includes a set gypsum dihydrate derived substantially from a non-fibrous form of calcium sulfate and selected from the group consisting of anhydrous gypsum and gypsum hemihydrate. The wallboard also includes an aerogel dispersed in the gypsum dihydrate.

Abstract: A method and system for producing a gypsum product comprising a mixer for mixing gypsum and water and two foam feeds into the system wherein the foam feeds each comprise foam of different bubble size distributions.

Abstract: A method of making a rapid setting lightweight cementitious composition with improved compressive strength for products such as boards is disclosed. The method mixes fly ash, alkali metal salt of citric acid and lightweight aggregate with water. Compositions which include fly ash, alkali metal salts of citric acid and lightweight aggregate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wallboard, a method of preparing a wallboard, and a method of making a gypsum slurry to prepare a wallboard are provided. The wallboard includes a set gypsum dihydrate derived substantially from a non-fibrous form of calcium sulfate and selected from the group consisting of anhydrous gypsum and gypsum hemihydrate. The wallboard also includes an aerogel dispersed in the gypsum dihydrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a set gypsum-containing product having increased resistance to permanent deformation and a method for preparing it comprising forming a mixture of a calcium sulfate material, water, and an appropriate amount of one or more enhancing materials chosen from condensed phosphoric acids, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphoric acid units; and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphate units. The mixture is then maintained under conditions sufficient for the calcium sulfate material to form a set gypsum material.

Abstract: Gypsum plaster board, containing a gypsum matrix and 0.1 to 10% by weight carbon particles, wherein the particle size (d50) of the carbon particles ranges from 0.5 to 4 mm.

Abstract: A slurry for manufacturing gypsum board comprises calcined gypsum, water, a foaming agent, and a coalescing agent. The foaming agent imparts a plurality of bubbles in the slurry. Typically, a foam is pre-generated with the foaming agent and the foam is used to form the slurry such that the foam imparts the plurality of bubbles in the slurry. The coalescing agent coalesces the plurality of bubbles imparted by the foam. Typically, the coalescing agent coalesces a plurality of small and partially joined bubbles imparted by the foam to create larger and more discrete bubbles. A gypsum board and method of forming the slurry and the gypsum board are also disclosed. The gypsum board comprises a gypsum layer formed from the slurry. The gypsum layer defines a plurality of bubbles dispersed therein, which are imparted by the foam and coalescing agent of the slurry.

Abstract: A slurry for manufacturing gypsum board is disclosed. The slurry comprises calcined gypsum, water, a foaming agent, and a thickening agent. The thickening agent of the present disclosure acts to improve the cohesiveness of the slurry without adversely affecting the setting time of the slurry, the paper-to-core bond (wet and dry), or the head of the slurry by acting as a defoaming agent or coalescing agent. Examples of suitable thickening agents include cellulose ether and co-polymers containing varying degrees of polyacrylamide and acrylic acid. A gypsum board and method of forming the slurry and the gypsum board are also disclosed. The gypsum board comprises a gypsum layer formed from the slurry.

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising preparing a cement composition comprising water and a cementitious material, wherein the cementitious material further comprises blast furnace slag, vitrified shale, calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate or combinations thereof, and placing the cement composition in the wellbore. A cement composition comprising water and a cementitious material, wherein the cementitious material further comprises blast furnace slag, vitrified shale, calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate or combinations thereof. A cement composition comprising water and a cementitious material, wherein the cementitious material further comprises blast furnace slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to gypsum mortar with expanded vermiculite added with citric acid and tartaric acid and to the method for obtaining same, containing the following elements in the following proportions: between 40% and 70% calcium sulphate; between 40% and 70% laminated expanded vermiculite; between 0.05% and 0.3% citric acid; between 0.05% and 1% tartaric acid; between 0.01% and 0.5% sodium or potassium citrate; and water q.s.p. 1000 ml, in which, for surface coating, the added vermiculite is obtained following treatment in a vertical furnace, which provides improved grain size and sheets of exfoliated vermiculite without water or air, and the mortar is provided with citric acid and tartaric acid, copper sulphate and sodium or potassium scitrate, with the water being added before the mixture is produced.

Abstract: The present invention describes improved cellular compositions that contain anhydrite that reaches high compression resistance values, of the order of 110 to 138 Kg/cm2, as well as methods of obtaining of these. The obtained cellular materials with the compositions of the invention can be used like constructive structural materials, and without they present the problems commonly associate to the anhydrous calcium sulphate presence in similar materials.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a weight-saved foamed gypsum board having a gypsum core with high strength and excellent adhesion properties of the gypsum core with base papers for gypsum board, which method is capable of adjusting the sizes of pores in a gypsum core of a weight-saved gypsum board product into a desired range in a short time and at a low cost, even if the kinds and the compounding ratios of gypsum raw materials vary.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing a recycled hardened material using waste gypsum. The method comprises treating acidic wastewater generated in the production of copper, zinc or titanium or the production of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and chlorine using saline water, with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), so as to precipitate sludge, and mixing the precipitated sludge with pulp sludge ashes having pozzolanic properties.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the initial hydration reaction of highly alkaline chemically bonded ceramic systems such as Ca-aluminate and Ca-silicate, exhibiting a controlled pH development, reduced from very high levels to be in a pH range of 7-9 by the use of an internal buffer system added to the CBC type biomaterial used. The invention is especially intended for endodontic, orthopaedic applications and/or soft tissue applications and/or drug delivery carrier applications.

Abstract: A method of producing a foamed plaster comprises the following steps: (a) mixing plaster of Paris and calcium carbonate; (b) supplying water, and (c) adding phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid reacts with the calcium carbonate to release gaseous carbon dioxide. It also reacts with any steel present to form an insoluble iron phosphate coating.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to well treatment fluids and methods that utilize nano-particles. Exemplary nano-particles are selected from the group consisting of particulate nano-silica, nano-alumina, nano-zinc oxide, nano-boron, nano-iron oxide, and combinations thereof. Embodiments also relate to methods of cementing that include the use of nano-particles. An exemplary method of cementing comprises introducing a cement composition into a subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises cement, water and a particulate nano-silica. Embodiments also relate to use of nano-particles in drilling fluids, completion fluids, simulation fluids, and well clean-up fluids.

Abstract: The invention provides a system comprising two components to be mixed together to form a settable cementitious composition wherein a first component comprises: (a) Portland cement; (b) calcium sulphate; and (c) water in a weight ratio of water to Portland cement and calcium sulphate solids of from 0.5:1 to 5:1; and a second component comprises: (d) a water soluble silicate; and (e) water, in a weight ratio of water to silicate solids of from 1.5:1 to 25:1; which cementitious composition has a higher early strength than known compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides a set gypsum-containing product having increased resistance to permanent deformation and a method for preparing it comprising forming a mixture of a calcium sulfate material, water, and an appropriate amount of one or more enhancing materials chosen from condensed phosphoric acids, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphoric acid units; and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphate units. The mixture is then maintained under conditions sufficient for the calcium sulfate material to form a set gypsum material.

Abstract: The present invention provides foamed cement compositions with improved mechanical properties and methods of cementing in subterranean formations, particularly in conjunction with subterranean well operations. The foamed cement compositions comprise carbon fibers, a hydraulic cement material, sufficient water to form a slurry, an expanding additive, and optionally other ingredients including a weighting agent, a retarding or accelerating agent, or the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cement, which comprises in its main phase of microcrystalline magnesium ammonium phosphate and nanoapatite after hardening and thus at the same time has considerable strength. The material is biologically degradable and is suitable for application in tooth cements, as bone replacement, as bone filler, as bone cement or as bone adhesive.

Abstract: In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a gypsum product includes providing a calcined gypsum powder. Water and an aqueous foam generated from a foaming agent comprising a first portion of sodium decyl sulfate are combined with the calcined gypsum powder to generate a foamed calcined gypsum slurry. The method may also include combining water, a foam generated from a first and second portion of the foaming agent, and the calcined gypsum powder. The second portion of the foaming agent may comprise ammonium decyl ether sulfate and ammonium octyl ether sulfate.

Abstract: The present invention describes improved cellular compositions that contain anhydrite that reaches high compression resistance values, of the order of 110 to 138 Kg/cm , as well as methods of obtaining of these. The obtained cellular materials with the compositions of the invention can be used like constructive structural materials, and without they present the problems commonly associate to the anhydrous calcium sulphate presence in similar materials.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for wellbore treating fluids, especially cementitious compositions that include interground cement clinker and zeolite, with and without gypsum.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of plasterboards exhibiting a core density of less than 0.77 comprising the stages of the formation of a foam from water and a surfactant composed of at least one alkyl sulphate of formula H(CH2)nOSO3?M+, in which n is a number between 6 and 16, M is a monovalent cation and the mean number of carbon atoms nm is from 9 to 10, and the introduction of the foam obtained into a plaster slurry, characterized in that the amount of surfactant introduced does not exceed 0.32 g/l of plaster slurry. Application to the manufacture of lightened plasterboards.

Abstract: A gypsum composition including gypsum, water, and a surfactant composition of alkyl sulfates of formula H(CH2)nOSO3?M+, in which n is from 6 to 16, the mean number of carbon atoms in the alkyl sulfate composition nm being between 10 and 11, and M is a monovalent cation. A process for the preparation of the gypsum composition and a gypsum board obtainable from this composition. Finally, a process for the manufacture of gypsum boards. Application for the manufacture of foamed gypsum boards.

Abstract: A mold-resistant gypsum panel includes a core of an interlocking matrix of calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals, a facing material on at least one side of the panel and a salt of pyrithione dispersed through both the core and the facing materials. A method of making a mold-resistant gypsum product is also provided. A slurry of calcined gypsum, water and a water-soluble pyrithione salt is formed, then deposited on a sheet of facing material. The slurry on the facing material is shaped into a panel and maintained under conditions sufficient for the calcined gypsum to react with the water to form a core comprising an interlocking matrix of set gypsum crystals. Heating of the panel causes evaporation of the water that did not react with the calcined gypsum.

Abstract: A sprayable composition and a method of protecting material with the composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a bulking/setting material, a water soluble polymer and water to provide a cover layer which, after spraying, is tough, flexible and water-repellent. Other materials such as clay, fibrous material, a foam producing agent and a hardening retarder can be included in the composition. The composition is effective as a cover layer over material such as soil, refuse at a dump site, stockpiled material, a temporary cover for remediation sites, or tire piles.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced aerated concrete compositions and methods of forming structural units such as blocks, panels, etc., from such compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fly ash/cement slurry with a coated Al paste serving as the activator to generate the desired cellular structure. The composition can be self cured at ambient temperature and pressure without the need for ovens or autoclaves. The cured compositions can be easily cut into the desired shape by a band saw or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersant and foaming agent combination that is useful in the production of gypsum wallboard and other aqueous cementitious products. The dispersant in the combination according to the invention is a naphthalene sulfonate-aldehyde condensate alkali salt polymer having a weight average molecular weight of from about 17,000 to about 47,000. The alkali is preferably an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The aldehyde is preferably formaldehyde. The foaming agent used in the combination according to the invention is a soap, preferably an alkali salt of an alkyl ether sulfate and/or an alkyl sulfate. The combination of a high molecular weight dispersant and a foaming agent produces a gypsum wallboard core effect that more efficiently entrains air (i.e., creates void space), thereby lowering overall board weight without detrimentally affecting strength.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising a polymeric matrix and absorbent particles wherein at least a part of the absorbent particles are microcolloid particles. The microcolloid particles are water absorbent particles preferably having a rounded or of microcolloids to an adhesive handling properties compared to state of the art technology as well as the rheological properties of the adhesive matrix may be less affected than by addition of traditional hydrocolloids.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of providing void spaces in gypsum wallboard and in a gypsum core composition such that the weight of the gypsum product is reduced without deleteriously affecting its mechanical properties. More specifically, the invention provides a method of providing void spaces in a gypsum wallboard comprising the step of adding air bubbles having different relative stabilities to a gypsum slurry, wherein the less stable air bubbles are sufficiently unstable such that they coalesce on contact with each other in the slurry to form larger air bubbles, and the weight ratio of the less stable air bubbles to the more stable air bubbles initially added to the slurry is such that there are a sufficient number of more stable air bubbles to prevent a majority of the less stable air bubbles from becoming large enough to rupture before the slurry sets sufficiently to prevent the slurry from filling void spaces left by ruptured bubbles.

Abstract: Compositions useful for the preparation of lightweight, high strength wallboards, and methods of making same are disclosed. The composition includes a slurry of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (stucco), water, starch, and a foam. The foam acts to provide large bubbles within the core slurry, thereby lightening the weight of the wallboard. The composition and method provide wallboards having lighter weights compared to standard wallboard, increased core strength, and increased paper-to-core bonding.

Abstract: An organic substrate is manufactured from recycled waste paper, cotton fiber and cotton gin waste, and gypsum. The recycled waste products are combined to form a slurry mixture for processing by conventional paper making machinery into a substrate that may be used in sheet form or comminuted pieces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement slurry for cementing an oil well or the like, the slurry having a density lying in the range 0.9 g/cm3 to 1.3 g/cm3, and being constituted by a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, having porosity (volume ratio of liquid fraction over solid fraction) lying in the range 38% to 50%. The solid fraction is constitued by a mixture of lightweight particles, microcement and optionally portland cement and gypsum. Such cements have remarkable mechanical properties due to their very low porosity in spite of having very low density.

Abstract: A water-resistant prefabricated structural element comprising a substrate based on cured plaster, said substrate being able to be obtained by at least the following steps: (a) homogeneously mixing a dry material, comprising mostly at least one hydratable calcium sulfate, a water-repellent agent comprising at least one silicone compound, and water and preforming said substrate in the wet state; (b) drying the preformed substrate in order to obtain said substrate formed in the solid and dry state; wherein the homogeneous mix, prior to the preforming of the substrate in the wet state, also includes a mineral additive comprising at least one mineral component having a synergistic water-repellency affinity with said silicone compound.

Abstract: Systems for retarding setting in an oilfield well cement slurry comprise a solution of a phosphonate selected from methylene phosphonic acid derivatives and a phosphate, in particular selected from the following salts or the corresponding acids: mono-phosphates (ortho-phosphates PO42; meta-phosphates PO3), acyclic poly-phosphates (pyrophosphates P2O74, tripolyphosphates P3O105) or cyclic poly-phosphates. The system preferably may also comprise a retarder booster and is more particularly applicable to cementing at low or medium temperatures.