Abstract: The product is produced from a settable aqueous calcium sulphate dispersion which has a water to solids ratio of less than 0.4 to 1, and has distributed therethrough lightweight hollow bodies having water-impervious surfaces (such as expanded polystyrene beads). The dispersion contains a hydratable cement (such as calcium sulpho aluminate) which is capable of hydration in the presence of the calcium sulphate dispersion. The hydratable cement is such that it reacts with excess water in the dispersion thereby enhancing the water resistance of the resulting product.

Abstract: A composition capable of setting to produce a building material is disclosed. The composition can include from 1% to 30% by weight of an activator, from 1% to 55% by weight of a pozzolan, such as fly ash; from 40% to 90% by weight of an aggregate; and liquid landfill leachate in a sufficient amount such that the composition sets to a building material having a compressive strength of at least 2 MPa, wherein all weight percentages are percent by weight of the total composition. The liquid landfill leachate replaces all or part of the tap water in a conventional composition for forming a building material. The liquid landfill leachate can be recovered after a liquid (typically water) percolates through a landfill and contacts at least one landfilled coal combustion product selected from fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization material. The building material can be a concrete, or a masonry unit.

Abstract: Concrete structures and components with improved strength and toughness. A uniform mix of first constituents comprises: cement of Blaine fineness of 280-360 m2/kg; sand at a mass ratio of 0.75-1.25 of the cement; silica fume at a mass ratio of 0.15-0.4 of the cement; silica flour at a mass ratio of 0.15-0.3 of the cement; and microinclusions at a mass ratio up to 0.35 of the cement. This is then mixed with a blend of second constituents comprising a specified amount of an HRWRA and an amount of water at a mass ratio of 0.2-0.35 of the cement. This is mixed sufficiently to form a uniform cement-based paste to which an amount of macrofibers at a mass ratio of up to 0.35 of the cement is added to yield a uniform product. Nanoinclusions may be added to improve crack resistance and increase density.

Abstract: A cement admixture and a cement composition having a carbonation suppressing effect and a heat-of-hydration suppressing effect are provided. A cement admixture containing one or more non-hydraulic compounds selected from the group consisting of ?-2CaO.SiO2, ?-CaO.SiO2 and calcium magnesium silicate, a cement composition containing said admixture, and a carbonation suppressing method by use of said cement admixture or cement composition. According to the present invention, a remarkable carbonation suppressing effect can be obtained particularly when used in portland blast-furnace slag cement. This leads to an effective use of steelmaking slag and the like, and the load of clinker can be reduced, so that a cement composition of a low environmental load type can be attained. Further, this is suitable for cements in conformity with the EN standards, which are used in civil engineering and building industries.

Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions are provided that include a cement, water; and a dispersant that comprises a low molecular weight starch with anionic groups. The starch dispersants provided may possess desirable biodegradable properties making them particularly suitable for certain downhole well operations.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of mortars, concretes, and other compositions based on cement, and in particular to agents capable of modifying their rheological characteristics, in particular workability. Workability may be defined as the property of a hydraulic binder to remain workable during as long a time as possible. The invention relates to novel agents of the acrylic copolymer type having urethane functions for improving the workability of hydraulic binders, to a method of preparing such novel agents, to binders containing them, and to uses for them. Such agents have the advantageous property of not retarding the setting time.

Abstract: Cements or hydraulic binders may be prepared by adding an aqueous suspension comprising a ground mineral filler and at least one grinding aid agent to a cement or hydraulic binder. The resulting cement or hydraulic binder has very appreciably improved mechanical properties, particularly the property of “strength at young ages.” The grinding aid agent may be a natural or synthetic homopolymer and/or copolymer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing cement clinker includes a rotary cement kiln having a feed end, a mid-kiln feed location, and a burning end. The rotary kiln is tilted downwardly from the feed end to the burning end so that material introduced into the feed end travels downwardly to the burning end. Heat is directed at the burning end of the rotary kiln. Raw feed material is introduced in the feed end of the rotary kiln. Calcined material having a particle diameter of up to 12 inches is introduced at the mid-kiln feed location. The mid-kiln feed location is arranged in a calcining zone of the rotary kiln.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced aerated concrete compositions and methods of forming structural units such as blocks, panels, etc., from such compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fly ash/cement slurry with a coated Al paste serving as the activator to generate the desired cellular structure. The composition can be self cured at ambient temperature and pressure without the need for ovens or autoclaves. The cured compositions can be easily cut into the desired shape by a band saw or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The potassium sulfate is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of mortars, concretes, and other compositions based on cement, and in particular to agents capable of modifying their rheological characteristics, in particular workability. Workability may be defined as the property of a hydraulic binder to remain workable during as long a time as possible. The invention relates to novel agents of the acrylic copolymer type having urethane functions for improving the workability of hydraulic binders, to a method of preparing such novel agents, to binders containing them, and to uses for them. Such agents have the advantageous property of not retarding the setting time.

Abstract: Fiber additives for addition to proportioned concrete comprise a plurality of thermoplastic fibers having a profile geometry defined by the equation, ##EQU1## wherein the amplitude a.sub.0 falls within a range of from about 0.1 d.sub.f to 2.0 d.sub.f and the period .lambda. falls within a range of from about 2 d.sub.f to 15 d.sub.f for fibers having a diameter d.sub.f of from about 0.5 to about 1 mm; the peak pull-out stress .sigma..sub.peak and the specific pull-out energy absorbed to a maximal displacement of 7.5 mm .psi..sub.peak, both increase linearly with a deformity factor defined by the equation, ##EQU2## where .alpha.=0.8 and .beta.=-1, such that the peak pull-out stress is defined by the equation, ##EQU3## and the specific pull-out energy is defined by the equation, ##EQU4## the fiber additives having an optimimum deformity,D.sub.optimum .apprxeq.(0.5 to 1)D.sub.critical,D.sub.critical being that deformity where the ultimate tensile strength of the fiber equals k.sub.1 D.sub.

Abstract: A patching composition in the form of a putty composition for application to concrete surfaces. The composition comprises a substantial portion of a conventional cement, such as a Portland cement, and a silica sand selected to have the right consistency and density along with calcium oxide. The composition is then mixed in water and applied to voids or holes in a concrete wall. The composition, when applied as a single coating and fully cured, results in an appearance similar to that of the concrete and provides strength characteristics substantially equivalent to that of the original concrete.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process of treatment and environment-friendly utilization of asbestos-cement products including a thermal process to transform the asbestos component. Inventively, this is achieved by a coarse reduction of the asbestos-cement products under black side conditions with maintained vacuum. Then, the material is ground to asbestos-cement meal and fed to the flame zone of the rotary kiln of a cement clinker production line. Depending on the fuel type used, the portion of fed asbestos-cement meal varies between 2 and 5%, related to the amount of cement raw meal, substituting 2 to 5% of the cement raw meal mix at a time. The thermal transformation of the asbestos component takes place with temperatures of approximately 1800.degree. C. in the burner zone. The modified residual substance becomes a constituent of the cement clinker due to assimilation in the kiln charge.

Abstract: In order to be able to produce formed elements or building elements with a significantly increased strength with a building material or structural material, it is suggested to provide the material with a largely uniform fine pore structure or a microcellular structure. These fine pores preferably have a diameter in the range of approx. 0.01.mu. to approx. 5.mu. and are self-contained. The material contains a reactive binding agent or a reactive matrix material, which can be a cement/water mixture or also a synthetic resin, for example polyurethane, epoxy resin, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing fibrous composite materials from feed stock formed reliminarily from a gypsum binder and chopped cellulose fibers, and saturating the mixture with water to the extent of at least 1.2 times its normal hydrated state, and beating the material to provide a fleece that is then spread on a flat surface and subjected to pressure for a sufficient length of time to drive out a substantial portion of the moisture from the product. The compression step is carried out long enough to achieve a bulk density of approximately 9/10 the dry bulk density of the components prior to hydration.

Abstract: Containers incorporating a hydraulically settable structural matrix including a hydraulically settable binder such as cement for use in the storing, dispensing, and/or packaging of food and beverage products are disclosed. The disposable and nondisposable food and beverage articles of manufacture have high tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths, and are lightweight, insulative (if desired), inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used. These disposable containers and cups are particularly useful for dispensing hot and cold food and beverages in the fast food restaurant environment. The structural matrix of the food and beverage containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland-type cement) preferably in combination with a theology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, various aggregate materials and fibrous materials which provide desired properties at a cost which is economical.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbon fiber-reinforced cement material is here disclosed which comprises the step of using, as a reinforcing material, a carbon fiber from which a gas has been removed by replacing the gas captured in the fiber with water. This method permits providing the carbon fiber-reinforced cement material having a large reinforcing effect by the fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of manufacturing a lightweight particulate cementitious composition particularly adapted to the sorption of liquids comprising adding to a foamed cement slurry a particle forming agent, and aging the treated foamed slurry for a period of time sufficient for the particles to form and harden for subsequent handling. The bulk density, particle size distribution, and concentration of the agent are selected such that the cementitious composition has the desired density and such that at least 65% of the particles obtained after aging have the desired particle size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber-reinforced cement composition particularly useful to make pipes or sheets. This composition comprises up to 70% by weight of a fibrous-like synthetic forsterite obtained by calcination of chrysotile asbestos fibers at a temperature of from 650.degree. C. to 1450.degree. C., said synthetic forsterite having an MgO:SiO2 ratio lower than 1.1, a raw loose density of from 3 to 40 pcf, a thermal conductivity "k" factor of from 0.25 to 0.40 BTU. in/hr. .degree.F. ft.sup.2 and a fusion point of from 1600.degree. to 1700.degree. C. The composition also comprises a hydraulic binder, which is preferably Portland cement, and reinforcing fibers such as cellulose, synthetic fibers, glass wool, rock wool or their mixtures, in such an amount as to give sufficient strength to the composition to make it operative.

Abstract: A low density aggregate product and method for making the same utilizing coal ash slag resulting from a typical coal gasification system wherein the resulting aggregate product has a lower density than the initial coal ash slag. The coal ash slag is combined with a small amount of a binder and then fired for a predetermined time and temperature to produce the aggregate. Also, by heating the coal ash slag and binder, a gaseous efflux is emitted to form interlaced channels throughout the aggregate which have a characteristic length and diameter.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and a composition for accelerating the setting of Portland cement, shortening the migration phase of calcium ions into the liquid phase and complexing the lime of the Portland cement, whereby the said composition is essentially formed from the following constituents: a calcium aluminates- and trihydrated alumina-based material.

Abstract: An air clay and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes i) selecting at least one raw material from a group consisting of sand powder, shell powder, crop powder and a mixture thereof, ii) finely grinding the raw material to prepare a base material having a particle diameter of about 0.02 mm to about 0.2 mm, iii) adding about 10 wt. parts to about 30 wt. parts of glycerin to about 100 wt. parts of the base material, iv) mixing and kneading these materials together to form a paste and v) adding about 0.1 wt. parts to about 9 wt. parts of a liquid coagulating agent for water treatment to the paste and mixing these materials together. According to one embodiment, the clay is useful for various types of play and learning for infants and young children.