Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A vertebroplastic cementitious composition includes a solid phase including Portland cement and a biocompatible additive which is a plasticizer and a hardening accelerant, wherein the amount of additive is between about 1% and about 15% by weight relative to the Portland cement; and an aqueous liquid phase, wherein the ratio of the solid phase to the liquid phase is between about 3 g/ml and about 6 g/ml. Methods of forming such compositions, treatment methods using such compositions and cementitious implants including such compositions are also described.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A novel amorphous divalent metal ion salt for enhancing the manageability of a Portland cement and its application in dental field are disclosed. Typical formula (I), (II), or (III) of this amorphous metal ion salt are shown as following: M 2 + ? A x - ? B 2 - x - ( I ) M 2 + ? A y 2 - ? C ( 4 - y ) 4 2 - ( II ) M 2 + ? A z 3 - ? D ( 6 - z ) 9 3 - ( III ) wherein, M2+, A?, B?, C?2, D?3, x, y, and z are defined the same as the specification. A novel tooth filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a bone substitute substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III). In addition, a novel root canal filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a radiopaque substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III).

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mineral, hydraulic binder for producing concrete or mortars or cement suspensions, based on at least one cement. The cement comprises clinker phases such as, C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, which on reaction with water form hydrate phases that cure to form hardened cement. The cement displays a delay phase after mixing with water of some hours, e.g. from 4 to 8 hours, during which time no appreciable curing reaction takes place. The binder further comprises at least one finely divided SiO2 component and at least one finely divided CaO component, which react with make-up water during the delay phase to form calcium silicate hydrate phases that cure as a result of a pozzolanic reaction and produce early strength.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: Dark colored roofing granules include an inert base particle coated with a composition including a metal silicate, a non-clay latent heat reactant, and a dark colored but solar reflective prigment.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ? reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ? reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ? increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ? increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; ? decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ? make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mineral, hydraulic binder for producing concrete or mortars or cement suspensions, based on at least one cement. The cement comprises clinker phases such as, C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, which on reaction with water form hydrate phases that cure to form hardened cement. The cement displays a delay phase after mixing with water of some hours, e.g. from 4 to 8 hours, during which time no appreciable curing reaction takes place. The binder further comprises at least one finely divided SiO2 component and at least one finely divided CaO component, which react with make-up water during the delay phase to form calcium silicate hydrate phases that cure as a result of a pozzolanic reaction and produce early strength.

Abstract: A cement admixture and a cement composition having a carbonation suppressing effect and a heat-of-hydration suppressing effect are provided. A cement admixture containing one or more non-hydraulic compounds selected from the group consisting of ?-2CaO.SiO2, ?-CaO.SiO2 and calcium magnesium silicate, a cement composition containing said admixture, and a carbonation suppressing method by use of said cement admixture or cement composition. According to the present invention, a remarkable carbonation suppressing effect can be obtained particularly when used in portland blast-furnace slag cement. This leads to an effective use of steelmaking slag and the like, and the load of clinker can be reduced, so that a cement composition of a low environmental load type can be attained. Further, this is suitable for cements in conformity with the EN standards, which are used in civil engineering and building industries.

Abstract: A cement admixture and a cement composition having a carbonation suppressing effect and a heat-of-hydration suppressing effect are provided. A cement admixture containing one or more non-hydraulic compounds selected from the group consisting of ?-2CaO.SiO2, ?-CaO.SiO2 and calcium magnesium silicate, a cement composition containing said admixture, and a carbonation suppressing method by use of said cement admixture or cement composition. According to the present invention, a remarkable carbonation suppressing effect can be obtained particularly when used in portland blast-furnace slag cement. This leads to an effective use of steelmaking slag and the like, and the load of clinker can be reduced, so that a cement composition of a low environmental load type can be attained. Further, this is suitable for cements in conformity with the EN standards, which are used in civil engineering and building industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive which is added in order to reinforce cement. The additive comprises chlorides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and/or transition metals and oxides selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminum oxide, silica, apatite and/or zeolites and comprises, in particular, a combination of sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, aluminum chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, sodium carbonate, silica, apatite and/or zeolites. Additives of this type can be used, inter alia, to stabilize/modify cement; consolidate sand and/or soil, such as when building roads, dykes, tunnels, foundations and the like, immobilize pollutants, during the injection of cement compositions, such as grouting, and for the production of concrete.

Abstract: A cement admixture and a cement composition having a carbonation suppressing effect and a heat-of-hydration suppressing effect are provided. A cement admixture containing one or more non-hydraulic compounds selected from the group consisting of &ggr;-2CaO.SiO2, &agr;-CaO.SiO2 and calcium magnesium silicate, a cement composition containing said admixture, and a carbonation suppressing method by use of said cement admixture or cement composition. According to the present invention, a remarkable carbonation suppressing effect can be obtained particularly when used in portland blast-furnace slag cement. This leads to an effective use of steelmaking slag and the like, and the load of clinker can be reduced, so that a cement composition of a low environmental load type can be attained. Further, this is suitable for cements in conformity with the EN standards, which are used in civil engineering and building industries.

Abstract: Dry mortar formulations comprising a) from 0.5 to 80% by weight of hydraulic binder, b) from 0 to 97% by weight of fillers, c) from 0 to 3.5% by weight of thickeners, d) from 1.0 to 80% by weight of redispersible polymer powder, and e) from 0.0001 to 1.0% by weight of antioxidants exhibit improved tensile strength and other set mortar properties, particularly after storage of the dry mortar composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The sodium chloride is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive which is added in order to reinforce cement. The additive comprises chlorides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and/or transition metals and oxides selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminum oxide, silica, apatite and/or zeolites and comprises, in particular, a combination of sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, aluminium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium carbonate, silica, apatite and/or zeolites. Additives of this type can be used, inter alia, to stabilize/modify cement; consolidate sand and/or soil, such as when building roads, dykes, tunnels, foundations and the like, immobilize pollutants, during the injection of cement compositions, such as grouting, and for the production of concrete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and potassium chloride (KCl) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The potassium chloride is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive made up of chemical substances, non toxic for the human being neither for the environment, that stabilizes the attle without necessity of cooking neither compression, applicable for constructions/buildings in general, and specially, for housings of social interest, to be resistant, economic, stable, acoustic, thermal, etc. The material for construction including this additive, as well as its preparation process are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to settable compositions for general purpose concrete construction containing Class-F fly ash, Class-C fly ash or slag, and potassium chloride (KCl) as a substantial replacement for Portland cement conventionally used in such compositions. The potassium chloride is an additive for improved high early strength and accelerated setting times, thereby allowing the concrete structure to be put into service sooner, reducing labor cost, and allowing precast concrete and concrete masonry manufacturers to achieve rapid form and mold turnover.

Abstract: The present invention is the following invention which provides a cement admixture which satisfies fluidity of fresh concrete and high strength of the hardened product of concrete simultaneously.

Abstract: Processes for making cement which when used to make concrete can stabilize the concrete against alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) from alkali containing components. The process includes adding lithium containing materials in the front of a cement kiln along with the cement starting materials in an amount sufficient to minimize ASR.

Abstract: The present invention provides universal well cement additives and methods. The universal well cement additives improve the properties of a well cement slurry and are basically comprised of iron chloride, an alkali or alkaline-earth metal halide, an organic acid and a hydratable polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides universal well cement additives and methods. The universal well cement additives improve the properties of a well cement slurry and can be comprised of iron chloride, a dispersing agent, an organic acid, a hydratable polymer and an ultra-fine particulate hydraulic cement.

Abstract: The present invention regards a particularly quick-setting Portland cement clinker containing calcium fluoro-aluminate (11CaO.7Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.CaF.sub.2) mixed with lime that has not undergone the burning process of the clinker.

Abstract: Processes for making cement which when used to make concrete can stabilize the concrete against alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) from alkali containing components. The process includes adding lithium containing materials in the front of a cement kiln along with the cement starting materials in an amount sufficient to minimize ASR.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of an inorganic acid, and from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight of a hexafluorosilicate of ammonia, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. A method of transforming the asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of a boron tetrafluoride salt, free of or having only small amounts of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt or a mixture thereof. A method of transforming the asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of a hexafluorosilicate salt, and free of or having only small amounts of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt or a mixture thereof. A method of transforming the asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of phosphoric acid, and from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight of a source of fluoride ions. A method of transforming the asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of an inorganic acid, and from about 0.1 to about 4% by weight of a tetrafluoroborate of ammonia, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. A method of transforming the asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A cementitious composition is provided comprising a hydraulic cementitious material, iron chloride and sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry. The iron chloride predictably enhances the rheology and performance of the composition. Methods of cementing subterranean wells are accomplished by mixing together the hydraulic cementitious material, iron chloride and sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry; pumping the slurry to a selected location within the wellbore; and then allowing the slurry to solidify within the well.

Abstract: A composition for transforming a chrysotile asbestos-containing material into a non-asbestos material is disclosed, wherein the composition comprises water, at least about 30% by weight of an acid component, optionally a source of fluoride ions, and a corrosion inhibiting amount of thiourea, a lower alkylthiourea, a C.sub.8 -C.sub.15 alkylpyridinium halide or mixtures thereof. A method of transforming an asbestos-containing building material, while part of a building structure, into a non-asbestos material by using the present composition also is disclosed.

Abstract: A new composition for the protection of a body of concrete sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, lime, cement, and sand in a percent ratio of (0.9-1.8):(2-3):(2.5-3.6):(0.05-0.15):(0.75-1.15):(0-8-1):(36-40):(49-39.3 ) mixed with 8 to 10% of water. A process for preparing the composition involves comminution of certain components to a predetermined range of particle size and a treatment to insure certain ranges of moisture content of various components of the composition. A new method for the application of the protective composition involves the preparation of the surface being protected to increase the exposed surface area of the surface being protected by a factor of 1.15 to 1.36.

Abstract: A new concrete mix sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, lime, cement, coarse aggregate and sand in a percent ratio of (0.51-0.70):(0.56-0.58):(0.66-0.90):(0.05-0.10):(0.17-0.40):(0.05-0.01):(2 5-30):(29.25-12):(30-35) mixed with 13.75 to 20% of water. A process for preparing the composition involves comminution of certain components to a predetermined range of particle size and a treatment to insure certain ranges of moisture content of various components of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a waterproofing composition to be applied on any surface desired to be protected or on damaged surfaces in order to avoid moisture or water leakages to the inside of the rooms. The composition comprises or consists essentially of 30 to 40% Portland cement or Kaolin; 20 to 30% marble dust or silica sand, 25 to 35% lime and 3 to 12% ground salt, alum stone or calcium chloride. The resulting talcum texture powder is mixed with water and applied as paint.

Abstract: An oil and gas well cementing composition and method are shown utilizing hydraulic cement, water a cement hydration retarder and an additive which is effective over a selected time period degrade the retarder. The additive is a controlled release oxidizer which releases nascent oxygen over time to gradually oxidize the cement hydration retarder, thereby providing a single cement slurry design for cementing pipes for oil and gas wells where wide temperature differentials exist between the two ends of the pipe.

Abstract: A set control composition and/or interground blend of materials including a calcium sulfate material and magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: A process for preparing high strength, rock-like, water-resistant aggregates by high intensity mixing of acidic metal chlorides and alkaline/cementitious materials in the presence of a low water ratio wherein the metal chlorides are simultaneously neutralized/stabilized and the mixture is solidified.

Abstract: A cement composition consists essentially of (a) from 50% to 97% by weight (calculated on the total composition) of a Portland cement clinker, the sulfur content of which is from 0.5% to 10% by weight expressed as SO.sub.3 and the fluorine content of which is from 0.13% to 1.00% by weight expressed as F, and (b) from 3% to 50% by weight (calculated on the total composition) of an extender containing a carbonate selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate and mixtures thereof as its main constituent and having a median particle size (d.sub.50) of below 14 .mu.m. Preferably, the total content of C.sub.3 S and C.sub.2 S in the Portland cement clinker is at least 65%. A preferred carbonate is electrostatic precipitator dust extracted from cement kiln exhaust gases. The cement composition may be mixed with further components such as other extenders, retarding agents and aggregate.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of cement, especially cement for underwater application. The invention provides a composition for preparing cement that solidifies underwater comprising exothermic micro particles and base cement. Exothermic micro particles are less than about two thousand two hundred and fifty micrometers in diameter and can be, for example, calcium chloride. The invention further provides a kit for preparing cement that solidifies underwater comprising exothermic micro particles in a container and base cement. The invention provides a method of underwater construction or repair comprising mixing a composition comprising exothermic micro particles and base cement with water and applying the composition to an underwater structure where the composition solidifies. The composition, kit and method are particularly well suited for swimming pool repair.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a portland cement clinker containing the following amounts of clinker phases, in wt. %:C.sub.3 S: 30 to 80,C.sub.4 A.sub.3 S: 5 to 30,C.sub.4 AF: <30,C.sub.2 S: <40,C.sub.3 A: <20,and an SO.sub.3 content between 2 and 8 wt. %, obtained by calcining a raw material mixture containing CaO, SIO.sub.2, AL.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the presence of an additive containing SO.sub.3 and an additive containing fluorine at temperatures between 1,150.degree. C. and 1,350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for treating waste by mixing the waste with a chemical reagent and a pozzolanic material. The chemical reagent includes a retarder that is a viscosity-altering reagent, and an accelerator.

Abstract: A clay control additive for cement composition of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the R groups are selected from a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 substituted alkyl.

Abstract: The process is the type wherein the solid portions of waste materials of all origins are crushed and ground to a granulometry of under 5 mm and then are heated to between 750.degree. C. and 1,350.degree. C. According to the invention, after the addition, if applicable, of liquid waste to obtain a pasty mass, a reagent is added to the latter, in pulverulent form having granules of under 500 microns based with calcium carbonate, silicium oxide and, possibly, aluminum and iron oxides in quantities to produce the following ratio after incineration: ##EQU1## Application to the treatment of all types of waste by combustion.

Abstract: An additive for roller compacted concrete pavement which controls the heat of hydration, prevents the reduction of packing of the pavement and prevents thermal cracking of the dried end product. The additive is a hydrolyzable tannin compound used alone or in conjunction with a surface active agent.

Abstract: A composition for and method of performing primary cementing operations is disclosed. The method comprises the use of a water slurry of a thixotropic cementing composition which rapidly develops sufficient static gel strength to reduce if not eliminate annular gas migration.

Abstract: Process for making aggregate suitable for use as a road base material comprising:(a) mixing metal chlorides with alkaline substance selected from the group consisting essentially of at least one cementitious material and optionally about 0.1-50%, based on the total weight of the alkaline substance, of at least one neutralizing agent, said mixing taking place in the presence of water in the amount of about 70-200 percent, based on the total weight of the alkaline substance,(b) partially curing the product resulting from step (a), and(c) agitating the product resulting from step (b) until aggregate is formed.

Abstract: Portland cement concrete-carbon fiber structure displays high tensile and flexural strengths, low electrical resistivity and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. The structure comprises cement concrete having a small predetermined proportion of carbon fibers dispersed therein. During the fabrication of the structure, there is added thereto an accelerating admixture comprising polyethanolamine and one of metal sulfate plus metal aluminum sulfate or metal nitrite plus metal chloride. The accelerating admixture comprises a small predetermined weight percentage of the cement in the structure. Additional improvements are obtained by using a small proportion of water-reducing agents.

Abstract: Thick film resistors, based on pyrochlore conductive phase, glass, and refractory fillers having a thermal expansion coefficient range of 40.times.10.sup.-7 -60.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree. C. and low solubility in the glass, are provided. Such thick film resistor pastes afford resistors having excellent stability to mechanical or thermal stresses.