Abstract: A method of producing a cementitious material includes combining a reaction mixture to form a slurry and curing the slurry to form the cementitious material. The reaction mixture may include a mineral mixture, an organic compound, and CO2. The mineral mixture may include calcium and the organic compound may be 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, methyl salicylate, or both.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatus for determining the water content of a fresh concrete mixture. Additionally, the present disclosure provides methods and apparatus for determining the water to binder ratio for a fresh concrete mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tile panel which includes a support panel which is essentially flat and has a top side onto which one or more tiles are adhered by an adhesive, wherein the support panel is made from a material which is different than the material from which the one or more tiles are made, and the top side of the support panel includes a recessed structure in which the adhesive is present. The invention also relates to a surface covering, in particular for a floor, ceiling or wall surface, which is constructed by a multitude of neighbouring tile panels.

Abstract: Printable cementitious compositions for additive manufacturing are provided, that have a fresh state and a hardened state. In fresh state, the composition is flowable and extrudable in the additive manufacturing process. In the hardened state, the composition exhibits strain hardening. In one variation, the strain hardening is represented by a uniaxial tensile strength of ?about 2.5 MPa, a tensile strain capacity of ?about 1%, and a compressive strength at 100 hours of ?about 20 MPa. In other variations, the composition includes Portland cement, a calcium aluminate cement, a fine aggregate, water, a high range water reducing agent (HRWRA), and a polymeric fiber, as well as one or more optional components selected from: fly ash, silica flour, microsilica, attapulgite nanoclay, and/or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). Methods of additive manufacturing with such compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A cement composition including a hydraulic cement material, a latent-hydraulic cement material, and a non-hydraulic cement material. Also provided is a method including combining, at a jobsite, the cement composition comprising the hydraulic cement material, the latent-hydraulic cement material, and the non-hydraulic cement material with water to provide a cement slurry, and allowing the cement slurry to harden in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) to provide a hardened cement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing proppants, including the following steps: providing red mud, providing fly ash, producing a mixture from the red mud and the fly ash so that the mixture has a first moisture content in the range of 7 to 30 wt. %, producing a granular product from the mixture, and sintering the granular product.

Abstract: A method for preparing and finishing concrete is disclosed, comprising preparing a cement surface by a process comprising the admixture addition, to an industrial concrete mixer/pourer, of a formulation comprising nanosilica, after some or all water is combined and mixed with cement mix, sand and aggregate; followed by pouring and floating; followed by the addition, before or during combination, to the concrete surface, of a formulation comprising water, an alpha-hydroxy acid, a glycol alkyl ether and a polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of concretes with improved wear resistance. The method involves the use of colloidal silica, which is added to a concrete mixture after mixing, in conjunction with a concrete cutter, which is added to the concrete mixture after the addition of the colloidal silica.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and software for managing bot detection in a content delivery network (CDN). In one implementation, a cache node in a CDN may obtain a content request without a valid token for content not cached on the cache node and, in response to the content request, generate a synthetic response for the content request, wherein the synthetic response comprises a request for additional information from the end user device associated with the content request. The cache node further may obtain a response from the end user device and determine whether to satisfy the request based on whether the response from the end user device indicates that it is a bot.

Abstract: A concrete structure formed of a mixture of concrete and a plurality of custom manufactured twisted steel micro-reinforcements (TSMRs). Each TSMR has a twist pitch of two or more twists per 25.4 mm applied along its longitudinal axis. The TSMRs are made from a common base stock and have the number of twists predetermined such that a concrete structure formed with at least 10 wt. % per unit volume less TSMRs than fibers in a conventional concrete structure exhibits the same or better performance than the conventional concrete structure in one or more of a stress, deflection, energy, or crack mouth opening (CMOD) properties as determined through defined standard tests. The performance requirement may be based on the actual test result and/or the consistency (coefficient of variation of the result).

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods of using a liquid suspension of hollow particles comprising a plurality of hollow particles, water, a suspending aid, and a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of a non-ionic surfactant, a latex, an oleaginous fluid, porous silica, and combinations thereof. The liquid suspension is homogenous. An example method includes statically storing the liquid suspension in a container for at least one week; wherein the liquid suspension maintains a difference in density from the top of the container to the bottom of the container of less than one pound per gallon while stored. The method further includes adding the liquid suspension to a treatment fluid; wherein the liquid suspension reduces the density of the treatment fluid; and introducing the treatment fluid into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation.

Abstract: Methods for modifying a recycled fine powder of concrete and uses thereof. A method for modifying a recycled fine powder can include: crushing a collected waste concrete block with a crusher, grinding with a ball mill, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve, to obtain a recycled fine powder with d50 of 13.5 ?m; placing the obtained recycled fine powder in a dry environment at a high temperature, drying, then taking out, and cooling to room temperature; preparing tannic acid solutions with different concentrations, mixing the cooled recycled fine powder with the prepared tannic acid solutions, and continuously stirring by a glass rod.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatus for determining the water content of a fresh concrete mixture. Additionally, the present disclosure provides methods and apparatus for determining the water to binder ratio for a fresh concrete mixture.

Abstract: Expansive cement compositions for use in subterranean wellbores that include a monophase amorphous hydraulic binder material (MAHBM). The MAHBM may include a plurality of particles having a silica core and an amorphous coating substantially surrounding the silica core. The coating may comprise, for example, a plurality of amorphous ?-dicalcium silicate hydrate nanoparticles or microparticles. The MAHBM may be used as an expansion agent in a cement composition or used as an expansive cement by itself.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of industrial-scale concrete installations with improved compression strength, curling, cracking and cracking characteristics, the method comprising the addition of nanosilica particulate, and more preferably, colloidal amorphous silica, having specific size and surface area characteristics to a concrete mix after water has been added to the mix and the mix has been agitated.

Abstract: A mixing-extruding head apparatus for a three-dimensional (3D) printer for building residential houses and other objects, which enables printing of right-angled corners, the apparatus comprising a container for mixing mortar, the container comprising a funnel (1), a two-part helix (6) inside the container for mixing the mortar for building said objects, wherein the two-part helix (6) is installed on a main axis (2) inside the funnel (1) and the helix (6) comprises an inner metal part (6a) and an outer rubber part (6b), and wherein the helix (6) has at least one thread (turn), and an exit nozzle (14). The bottom part of the exit nozzle (14) is on each of its sides equipped with one of four blades (17), which are controlled by a servo-pneumatic system with computer-controlled commands for building the objects, wherein each of the blades is connected to a piston moved by a pneumatic cylinder; wherein all four pneumatic cylinders are connected with four electromagnetic valves, which generate pneumatic signals.

Abstract: A shaped charge target apparatus and method for using a target composed of synthetic material, thereby allowing for repeatable testing at a variety of density and hardness values.

Abstract: Compound material based on water, cement, rice husk and polymeric resin modified with carbon nanostructures, in which variation of the ratios in which said components are combined together with production pressure and temperature results in a consistency suitable for said material to be used as paint, coating paste or panel-production conglomerate.

Abstract: A strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) can include cement, fly ash (FA), dune sand (DS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The amount of DS in the SHCC can be at least 25% by weight. The cement can be Type I ordinary Portland cement, conforming to ASTM C150 specifications. The fly ash can be Class F fly ash (FA). The median particle size of the cement can be 14 ?m. The median particle size of the FA can be 10 ?m.

Abstract: Light to ultra-light cement compositions with modified rheological properties. The cement composition includes cement, hydrophobic nano-silica, at least one additive and a sufficient amount of water to make a cement slurry with high compressive strength, low porosity, low free water, and low fluid loss with a quick thickening time.

Abstract: A raw batch composition for concrete or concrete wherein the raw batch composition comprises Portland cement of about 15 wgt. % to about 45 wgt. % and dune sand preferably red dune sand is present in an amount of about 40 wgt. %. The dune sand has a particle size of less than or equal to 45 microns. The composition also includes limestone powder ranging from about 15 wgt. % to 45 wgt. % with particle sizes less than or equal to 45 microns to form a base material. To this base material suitable amounts of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and superplasticizer are added. A method for producing a cast concrete product having a compressive strength of between 62 MPa and 90 MPa is disclosed. The method comprises a step of providing Portland cement, dune sand and limestone powder.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture including drinking water treatment waste (DWTW) solids, an aggregate, cement and water exhibits improved cement hydration, compressive strength and mitigated autogenous shrinkage. DWTW solids provide an internal curing agent for use with a cementitious mixture. DWTW solids are produced by a water treatment process of flocculating water to produce floc having entrained water, allowing the floc to settle out and dewatering the floc to produce DWTW solids. The DWTW solids form up to about 200 pounds per cubic yard of the cementitious mixture. The DWTW solids have a moisture content of about 5% to about 55% and a particle size of about 10 ?m to 150 ?m. The cementitious mixture may be cured to form concrete structural elements and products and masonry products. A method of using DWTW solids as an internal curing agent for cementitious mixtures produces cured concrete compositions having improved compressive strength and reduced autogenous shrinkage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cement which makes possible the preparation of concrete, grout or mortar which is resistant to internal sulfate reactions and to external sulfate attacks, and also the use of this cement for the preparation of concrete, grout or mortar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acid-soluble cement compositions that comprise cement kiln dust (“CKD”) and/or a natural pozzolan and associated methods of use. An embodiment includes a method of cementing comprising: placing an acid-soluble cement composition in a subterranean formation, wherein the acid-soluble cement composition comprises a hydraulic cement, a component selected from the group consisting of CKD, pumicite, and a combination thereof, and water; allowing the acid-soluble cement composition to set; and contacting the set acid-soluble cement composition with an acid to dissolve the set acid-soluble cement composition.

Abstract: Dry construction pellets that may be made by mixing predetermined portions of two or more components of cementitious materials without ingredients that would allow the mixture to cure, and separating the un-curable mixture of the two or more components into a plurality of pellets, each having substantially the predetermined portions of the two or more components. An extrusion system may include a transport line configured to transport the dry pellets in a gaseous transport stream.

Abstract: A concrete mixture for forming a breathable concrete. The mixture comprises aggregate particles and a paste comprising water, cement or cement substitute, and plasticizer. The plasticizer controls the viscosity of the paste such that the paste forms a substantially uniform layer coating the particles, with the coated particles in contact, while allowing spaces to be retained there between. These spaces interconnect forming channels through the concrete, allowing air to permeate there through such that the concrete exhibits good dynamic insulation properties, whist retaining structural strength.

Abstract: Cement-SCM blends employ particle packing principles to increase particle packing density and reduce interstitial spacing between the cement and SCM particles. Particle packing reduces the amount of water required to obtain a cement paste having a desired flow, lowers the water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm), and increases early and long-term strengths. This may be accomplished by providing a hydraulic cement fraction having a narrow PSD and at least one SCM fraction having a mean particle size that differs from the mean particle size of the narrow PSD cement by a multiple of 3.0 or more to yield a cement-SCM blend having a particle packing density of at least 57.0%.

Abstract: Conductive concrete mixtures are described that are configured to provide EMP shielding and reflect and/or absorb, for instance, EM waves propagating through the conductive concrete mixture. The conductive concrete mixtures include cement, aggregate, water, metallic conductive material, and conductive carbon particles and/or magnetic material. The conductive material may include steel fibers, and the magnetic material may include taconite aggregate. The conductive concrete mixture may also include graphite powder, silica fume, and/or other supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The conductive carbon particles may comprise from about zero to twenty-five percent (0-25%) of the conductive concrete mixture by weight and/or the magnetic material may comprise from about zero to fifty percent (0-50%) of the conductive concrete mixture by weight.

Abstract: A method and system for producing modified coal combustion products are disclosed. The additives reduce the particle sizes of the coal combustion product and may reduce the amount of un-burned carbon in the coal combustion product, making the modified product useful as an addition to cementitious materials.

Abstract: Ultra-high performance concrete produced from cement, aggregate, water, fillers, and additives, wherein the aggregate comprises 800-1,300 kg of an igneous rock in the form of crushed stone per cubic meter of concrete.

Abstract: A pre-mixed mortar, stucco or masonry composition includes from 70 to 80 percent sand and from 20 to 30 percent of a light-weight cement mix composition. The light-weight cement mix composition comprises either slag cement, gypsum or a combination of slag cement and gypsum; Portland cement; silicon dioxide; calcium stearate; and metakaolin.

Abstract: The Portland Saudi cement type-G with nanosilica additive for high pressure-high temperature applications comprises a mixture of about 1.0%-2.0% by dry weight of nanoparticles of silica; and type-G Portland Saudi cement forming the balance of the mixture. The cement so formed is suitable for use in deep petroleum wells, which require cement that can be introduced under high temperature (about 290° F.) and high pressure (about 8,000-9,000 psi) conditions. The addition of nanosilica shortened the thickening time for the cement slurry and caused a growth in the average compressive strength of the cement samples. In addition, the nanosilica did not cause any free water separation from the cement slurry column after aging.

Abstract: A manufactured cementitious binder includes a hydraulic binder in an amount in the range of from 40 to 75% by weight of the cementitious binder; metakaolin in an amount in the range of from 1 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder; silica fume in an amount up to 15% by weight of the cementitious binder; limestone in an amount of from 5 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder, and a cementitious accelerator in a controlled amount of at least 0.5% by weight of the cementitious binder, the cementitious binder providing a cementitious settable composition when added with water, wherein for a density lower than 13 pounds per gallon and of at least 11 pounds per gallon obtained without a lightweight additive, said cementitious settable composition exhibits a 24 hour compressive strength at 100 F, as hardened, of at least 500 psi.

Abstract: Light to ultra-light cement compositions with modified rheological properties. The cement composition includes cement, hydrophobic nano-silica, at least one additive and a sufficient amount of water to make a cement slurry with high compressive strength, low porosity, low free water, and low fluid loss with a quick thickening time.

Abstract: A pre-mixed mortar, stucco or masonry composition includes from 70 to 80 percent sand and from 20 to 30 percent of a light-weight cement mix composition that comprises either slag cement, Gypsum or a combination of slag cement and gypsum; Portland cement; clay; and polystyrene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making sand compositions wherein manufactured sand particles are pretreated with a clay-mitigating polycation and blended with natural sand particles that have washed to remove fines such that at least 90% of the natural sand particles are retained on a 75 micron sieve. Methods of the invention also involve the use of the blended pretreated sand for making concrete wherein the sand is combined with cement, a polycarboxylate type dispersant, a further amount of clay-mitigating polycation compound, and at least one hydryoxyl or hydroxyl carboxylic acid or salt compound.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a concrete pole, includes steps of preparing a mold with PC steel bars; preparing a concrete composition comprising cement 19˜21 weight percent, Pozzolanic material 3˜5 weight percent, fine aggregate 25˜40 weight percent, natural stone aggregate 30˜45 weight percent, chemical admixture 0.3˜0.4 weight percent, inorganic pigment 0.4˜1.0 weight percent, and water 6˜7 weight percent; pouring the concrete composition into the mold; shaping the poured composition into a hollow pole; curing the shaped pole by steam at a temperature range from 75° C. to 85° C. from 6 to 8 hours; removing the mold from the cured pole; and grinding the outer surface of the pole so that the pattern and color of the natural stones are exposed on the outer surface.

Abstract: A foamed concrete having a density from 100 to 800 kg/m3 including by mass relative to the total mass of the concrete: a cement; water; from 0.01 to 5% of a water-reducing agent, plasticizer or superplasticizer; from 0.45 to 5% of a foaming agent relative to the amount of water; from 0.01 to 5% of a water-soluble calcium salt; inorganic particles from 0.1 to 300 ?m in size; the ratio of foaming agent to calcium salt being from 0.3 to 0.8; the foamed concrete including 10% or more by mass of slag.

Abstract: A foamed concrete having a density from 100 to 800 kg/m3 including by mass relative to the total mass of the concrete: a cement; water; from 0.01 to 5% of a water-reducing agent, plasticizer or superplasticizer; from 0.45 to 5% of a foaming agent relative to the amount of water; from 0.01 to 5% of a water-soluble calcium salt; inorganic particles from 0.1 to 300 ?m in size; the ratio of foaming agent to calcium salt being from 0.3 to 0.8; excluding foamed concretes including 10% or more by mass of slag.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a cementitious additive that contains electric-arc furnace dust (EAFD) and a precursor as a replacement for up to about 30% of the cement in concrete. The additive includes about 50% by weight EAFD and about 50 wgt. % of precursor. The precursor includes about 55 wgt. % silica, about 10 to 20 wgt. % lime, about 2 to 5 wgt. % soda, about 5 to 15 wgt. % potash, about 2 to 6 wgt. % alumina and about 1 to 3 wgt. % magnesia. The method also contemplates the step of homogenizing the electric-arc furnace dust (EAFD) and precursor to produce engineered dust (ED) and then replacing up to 30% of the cement with a mixture referred to as ED i.e. homogenized EAFD and precursor.

Abstract: The present invention provides combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels and controlled amounts of metal oxide strength enhancing materials. The combustion products are useful as additives to cementitious materials. A hydrocarbon fuel such as coal is introduced into a combustion chamber and selected amounts of materials comprising CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 are also introduced into and/or downstream from the chamber. The hydrocarbon fuel undergoes combustion while the metal oxide strength enhancing materials react with each other and/or the ash or other reaction products of the hydrocarbon fuel. The combustion products have been found to significantly increase compressive strengths of cements such as Portland cement. A reduction in SO2 emission levels also results from the introduction of the metal oxide strength enhancing materials into the combustion process.

Abstract: A raw batch composition for concrete or concrete wherein the raw batch composition comprises Portland cement of about 15 wgt. % to about 45 wgt. % and dune sand preferably red dune sand is present in an amount of about 40 wgt. %. The dune sand has a particle size of less than or equal to 45 microns. The composition also includes limestone powder ranging from about 15 wgt. % to 45 wgt. % with particle sizes less than or equal to 45 microns to form a base material. To this base material suitable amounts of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and superplasticizer are added. A method for producing a cast concrete product having a compressive strength of between 62 MPa and 90 MPa is disclosed. The method comprises a step of providing Portland cement, dune sand and limestone powder.

Abstract: A composition used for high-strength impermeable concrete. The composition contains sand, stone, cement, water reducer, water and reinforced impermeable sand. The reinforced impermeable sand includes aeolian sand and binder covering the surface of the aeolian sand. The reinforced impermeable sand can fill the gap between the sand and the stone, and well combine various components in the composition, and suppress the seepage phenomenon of the molded concrete, thereby greatly improving the strength and impermeability of the concrete.

Abstract: An inorganic board contains, in a solid content ratio, 30 to 70 mass % of hydraulic material, 5 to 15 mass % of reinforcing fiber, and 1 to 30 mass % of wollastonite having a wet volume (after being allowed to stand for 30 minutes) of 15 to 45 ml. Also, a method includes: step of producing a slurry containing hydraulic material, reinforcing fiber, and wollastonite; step of producing a sheet by dehydrating the slurry; and step of pressing and curing the sheet; wherein, in the step of producing a slurry, a composition of the slurry is set so as to contain, in a solid content ratio, 30 to 70 mass % of hydraulic material, 5 to 15 mass % of reinforcing fiber, and 1 to 30 mass % of wollastonite having a wet volume (after being allowed to stand for 30 minutes) of 15 to 45 ml.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation with the addition of low density additives of volcanic ash, hollow ceramic microspheres or a combination of microspheres and volcanic ash or other low density additives into cementitious cellulose fiber reinforced building materials. This formulation is advantageously lightweight or low density compared as compared to current fiber cement products without the increased moisture expansion and freeze-thaw degradation usually associated with the addition of lightweight inorganic materials to fiber cement mixes. The low density additives also give the material improved thermal dimensional stability.

Abstract: A durable concrete composition includes a cementitious material comprising cement and ground expanded perlite, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and sufficient water for adequate workability. The resulting concrete displays a number of superior properties to conventional concrete, including extremely high thermal resistance coupled with high strength, low chloride ion permeability, and good early strength. The ground expanded perlite is a readily available material and the finished concrete is extremely cost effective for applications where a high strength structural concrete must withstand high temperatures. The mixture can be handled and placed by conventional methods and is compatible with existing conventional concrete additives.

Abstract: A method of making a rapid setting lightweight cementitious composition with improved compressive strength for products such as boards is disclosed. The method mixes fly ash, alkali metal salt of citric acid and lightweight aggregate with water. Compositions which include fly ash, alkali metal salts of citric acid and lightweight aggregate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are cementitious compositions and related systems and methods. The cementitious compositions, or admixtures, according to the present invention generally comprise gypsum, a first alkaline component and glass. The admixture may further comprise fly ash, which is preferably obtained as a waste by-product from a coal-burning power plant. A method according to the present invention comprises an initial step of analyzing or receiving an analysis of a fly ash sample. Based at least in part on the analysis of the fly ash sample, a mix rate may be selected and an initial admixture can be formulated, which, when added to the fly ash sample, creates an alternative or additive to Portland cement for use in concrete, for example.

Abstract: Hydraulic cements, such as Portland cements and other cements that include substantial quantities of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and/or tetracalcalcium alumino-ferrite (C4AF), are particle size optimized to have increased reactivity compared to cements of similar chemistry and/or decreased water demand compared to cements of similar fineness. Increasing hydraulic cement reactivity increases early strength development and release of reactive calcium hydroxide, both of which enhance SCM replacement and 1-28 day strengths compared to blends of conventional Portland cement and one or more SCMs, such as coal ash, slag or natural pozzolan. Decreasing the water demand can improve strength by decreasing the water-to-cement ratio for a given workability. The narrow PSD cements are well suited for making blended cements, including binary, ternary and quaternary blends.

Abstract: A cementitious compostion for high density, low porosity sheet-form building materials having solid surfaces is comprised of cement, pozzolans, and a high percentage of fine and/or coarse glass aggregate.