Abstract: Within the known Müller-Kühne process and a corresponding installation, a utilization of a great variety of residual materials can be achieved with optimum process control, both in regard to the production of a raw powder and the fuel, whereby this is made possible in particular in that the raw powder components and the fuel components also are, with respect to the residual materials being used, stored separately, conditioned, and then mixed according to the formulation under strict monitoring. The flue gas is used for preheating the raw powder by adding the cold raw powder to it. This simultaneously removes sticky components from the flue gas. The raw powder preheated in this manner, and also the raw powder or dust recovered in subsequent dedusters are returned to the rotary drum kiln, whereby the solid and other fuels are used and burned with a mutually supportive flame at the opposite end of the rotary drum kiln.

Abstract: A process for producing cement, including preheating a mixture of ground raw materials (raw meal) in a preheating cyclone to form a preheated raw meal, calcining the preheated raw meal in a calciner to form a calcined raw meal, burning the calcined raw meal in a rotary kiln with the aid of a high-grade fuel to form a cement clinker, cooling the cement clinker in a rotary kiln and grinding the cooled cement clinker. The process is characterized by replacing 50 to 70% of the high-grade fuel with a low-grade fuel, gasifying the low-grade fuel in a fluidized bed to form a resulting fuel gas, supplying a first portion of the resulting fuel gas to a main burner of the rotary kiln, a second portion of the resulting fuel gas to the exhaust gas stream from the rotary kiln and a third portion of the resulting fuel gas to the calciner.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the use of inexpensive volatile fuels in the calcining zone of a cement kiln during the manufacture of cement clinker in a rotary vessel.

Abstract: Waste sludge that contains water, solids and oil, is mixed with a filter aid that has filter aid characteristics and a heating value of at least 1,000 Btu/lb. The admixture obtained is subjected to filtration yielding a high-Btu combustible material, useful as fuel. This combustible material, optionally after drying to remove water, is very suitable for use as fuel in a cement kiln.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The spent catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%, both percentage ranges being determined according to the dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%,both percentage ranges being determiend according to the dry weight of the composition.