Abstract: The present application provides for water capsules, preparation methods of water capsules, a preparation method for lightweight concrete and a structure of lightweight concrete. Each of the water capsules comprises an alkali-sensitive shell and water inside; the water capsules are used to mix with a cementitious matrix, the water capsules can survive during concrete mixing and transportation processes but then gradually rupture in hardened concrete; the water released during the hardening of the concrete is beneficial for the hydration of the concrete. The water capsules and their preparation method, the preparation method for and structure of the lightweight concrete of the present application are of unique design and strong practicability.

Abstract: A reinforcing element and a method of forming the reinforcing element are generally described. The reinforcing element may be used in reinforcing a cementitious material and may comprise a settable material and a tension-resistant material that extends for a length of the element. To form the reinforcing element the settable material and tension-resistant material may be disposed together such that the settable and tension-resistant materials generally take the form of the reinforcing element. The settable material may then be cured.

Abstract: A packaged composition may include a package made from a water-soluble polymer material. The package may be configured to contain a cementitious composition. The cementitious composition may include water in the form of microencapsulated water spheres and high alumina cement.

Abstract: A building product comprises calcium sulphate dihydrate particles bound by an organic binder. The calcium sulphate dihydrate particles each have a longest dimension and a lateral dimension, wherein the lateral dimension corresponds to the maximum breadth of the particle about the axis defined by the longest dimension. The calcium sulphate dihydrate particles have a low aspect ratio such that for at least 75% of the calcium sulphate dihydrate particles, the value of the lateral dimension is at least 20% of the value of the longest dimension.

Abstract: A building brick with cellular structure comprising a porous material, said porous material being obtained by a process comprising the following successive steps: a step a) of synthesis of quicklime; a step b) of mixing said quicklime, water and silica; a step c) of introduction of a nucleating agent; a step d) of hydrothermal synthesis to obtain a ceramic mass, and a step e) of drying said ceramic mass obtained in step d).

Abstract: A binder premix includes from 0.2% to 63% of a material of an ultrafine particle size category, including individual particles with a D90 value less than 1 ?m and/or with a BET specific surface greater than 5 m2/g; from 8% to 63% of selected Portland cement including particles with a D90 value less than 30 ?m and from 25% to 85% of a material, other than the cement, of a fine particle size category, including particles for which the D10 and D90 values are from 1 ?m to 120 ?m and with a BET specific surface less than 5 m2/g. A binder mix including, in addition to the premix, a material of a medium particle size category, including particles for which the D10 and D90 values are from 120 ?m to 5 mm is disclosed.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods for making cement compositions are provided. The cement compositions can comprise at least one oxide having a particle size of less than about 600 nm. The methods for making cement may include: providing a mixture of compounds containing the required calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron to provide at least one of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, other calcium silicates, aluminates, ferrites, and silicates or combinations thereof; adding a fuel source and an oxidizer to the mixture of compounds; and heating the mixture of compounds, the fuel source, and the oxidizer such that the mixture of compounds, the fuel source, and the oxidizer ignite to form the at least one tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Gypsum plaster board, containing a gypsum matrix and 0.1 to 10% by weight carbon particles, wherein the particle size (d50) of the carbon particles ranges from 0.5 to 4 mm.

Abstract: In a first embodiment of the invention, aged brushite is combined with calcium sulfate hemihydrate and water to make a gypsum slurry. Aged brushite slurry behaves similarly to calcium sulfate dihydrate to act as a seed crystal and rapidly initiate crystallization. The brushite slurry does not require the addition of a coating to maintain its activity over time compared to calcium sulfate dihydrate set accelerators. A gypsum-based product made using brushite slurry as the set accelerator is a second embodiment. The product has the brushite molecules integrated as part of the calcium sulfate dihydrate matrix and is distributed throughout the matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cement mortar body (2) made up of an aggregate (4) with silica content of around 99.5% which is formed by particles with a rounded surface and particle size between 0.1 and 1 mm The existing interstices of the body are filled with an ettringite binder (6) derived from hydrating cement particles (5) with particle size of around 5 microns, and with the actual cement particles (5), perfectly hydrated. The body (2) can include microparticles (7) and colloidal materials in the interstices formed between the particles of aggregate (4), the ettringite binder (6) and the cement particles (5). The interstices created between the particles of aggregate (4), the cement particles (5) with ettringite binder (6), the microparticles (7) and the colloidal materials can include nanoparticles (8). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said mortar body.

Abstract: Bone graft compositions for repairing bone defects, which are characterized by a chemical composition of cementitious, non-cementitious, highly-resorbable and poorly-resorbable particulate substances, and further characterized by a specific particle size distribution that includes two or more different ranges of particle size, are disclosed. Further disclosed are articles of manufacturing and unit dosage forms containing the bone graft compositions, methods of repairing bone defects utilizing the bone graft compositions, and processes of preparing the same. Also provided are applicators for applying flowable mixtures formed by mixing a dry composition and a liquid carrier, which are particularly useful for preparing and applying bone graft compositions, as well as methods of using same.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods for making cement compositions are provided. The cement compositions can comprise at least one oxide having a particle size of less than about 600 nm.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for the production of mineral materials using bonding agents suspended in water, wherein the water is exposed to electromagnetic fields, including magnetic fields and/or electrical fields, and the suspension is exposed to a suspension mixer.

Abstract: A method of producing a foamed plaster comprises the following steps: (a) mixing plaster of Paris and calcium carbonate; (b) supplying water, and (c) adding phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid reacts with the calcium carbonate to release gaseous carbon dioxide. It also reacts with any steel present to form an insoluble iron phosphate coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling the solubility of granular material by treating a precipitate comprising iron(II)sulphate monohydrate originating from titanium dioxide production, in which method the reaction temperature is allowed to increase at the most to a temperature of 120° C., to a plant for treating a precipitate comprising iron(II)sulphate monohydrate, to a product and its uses. A typical method according to the invention comprises the steps of mixing water to the reaction mixture in the said mixing apparatus, and keeping the amount of neutralizing agent sufficient to give a pH value from 1.5 to 4, preferably from 1.5 to 3, to the end product in order to obtain a granular material having a high soluble iron(II) content or keeping the amount of neutralizing agent sufficient to give a pH value ?9 to the end product in order to obtain a granular material having a low solubility.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to well treatment fluids and methods that utilize nano-particles. Exemplary nano-particles are selected from the group consisting of particulate nano-silica, nano-alumina, nano-zinc oxide, nano-boron, nano-iron oxide, and combinations thereof. Embodiments also relate to methods of cementing that include the use of nano-particles. An exemplary method of cementing comprises introducing a cement composition into a subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises cement, water and a particulate nano-silica. Embodiments also relate to use of nano-particles in drilling fluids, completion fluids, simulation fluids, and well clean-up fluids.

Abstract: A light-weight gypsum-based composition is provided which is particularly suitable for use in the production of wall panels. The composition comprises: (i) gypsum; (ii) glass, ceramic or polymer microspheres; and (iii) a coupling agent preferably selected from a silane or metal coupling agent. The resultant panel has good strength properties and has good performance with respect to nailability and cutability. Further, the paper backing commonly used on traditional commercial drywall panels can be optionally eliminated. The composition can also be cast into thicker products. A lightweight wall panel material is provided.

Abstract: A lightweight concrete composition containing from 10 to 90 volume percent of a cement composition, from 10 to 90 volume percent of particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.2 mm to 8 mm, a bulk density of from 0.03 g/cc to 0.64 g/cc, an aspect ratio of from 1 to 3, and from 0 to 50 volume percent of aggregate; where the sum of components used does not exceed 100 volume percent, and where after the lightweight concrete composition is set it has a compressive strength of at least 1700 psi as tested according to ASTM C39 after seven days. The concrete composition can be used to make concrete masonry units, construction panels, road beds and other articles.

Abstract: A method for retarding plaster setting and plaster preparations, relies upon a composition including a. tartaric acid in an amount of at least 0.01 to 1.0 weight % (based on plaster amount); b. sodium trimetaphosphate in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 weight %, (plaster amount basis); and optionally c. sodium polyphosphate with an average chain length of at least 4 to 50 phosphate units.

Abstract: A construction assembly includes a plurality of plaster boards, each of the plaster boards having a plaster body and at least one sheet of liner, the liner including an inner surface attached to the plaster body and an outer surface having an outer face; wherein said plaster boards are assembled creating at least one joint; and a joint-pointing coat jointing said plaster boards to form a substantially plane outer surface including the outer surface of said at least one joint and said outer surface of said liner, wherein the composition of the joint-pointing coat is adapted for the finishing of said at least one joint; wherein both the joint-pointing coat in the dry state and the outer face of the sheet of liner are adapted to form an overall surface having a substantially homogeneous coloration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formed resinous articles derived from compositions comprising an ASA resin and a special visual effect additive.

Abstract: A composition and method for treating a surface is described. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 10% to 90% by weight of cement, about 10% to 90% by weight of plaster, about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of lime, and about 0% to about 30% by weight of perlite. In another embodiment, the composition comprises plaster, cement, perlite, lime, joint compound and water, wherein the plaster, cement, perlite, and lime are in a ratio of about 10-90: 10-90: 0-30: 0.01-20 by weight. In another embodiment, the composition is prepared by a method comprising: (a) providing a first mixture comprising plaster, cement, perlite, and lime; (b) converting the first mixture to a second mixture by a method selected from the group consisting of stirring the first mixture, passing the first mixture through a strainer, and milling the first mixture; and (c) mixing the second mixture with joint compound and water to obtain the composition.

Abstract: A method for the reversible agglomeration of fine particles of plaster of Paris (CaSO4.½H2O) and agglomerates made by the method which comprises agitating the fine particles in the presence of an organic polar liquid preferably nearly dry and having some ability to form hydrogen bonds (especially n-propanol) and then drying off most of the liquid whereby the fine particles spontaneously interlink (possibly by mechanical keying) in a way which allows the interlinks to be disrupted so as to release fine particles when the agglomerates are stirred into water by hand. Also a dry precursor mixture comprising the agglomerates containing conventional auxiliary additives for use in mixing with water to make aqueous compositions for use as filler pastes, casting materials or plaster slurries.

Abstract: A method of making cement from base metal smelter slag produced by a nickel, copper, lead or zinc smelter, includes crushing the slag with a source of calcium sulphate to a size of less than about 1/4 inch and heating the mixture to produce a cement, and grinding the cement to a size in the range of from about -250 to about 425 mesh.

Abstract: Cementation slurries well suited for encasing reinforcing elements therefor, for example prestressed steel cable, while reducing the risk of embrittlement thereof, contain from about 1.5% to 3% by weight of homogenizing and exudation-reducing hydrophilic particulates (e.g., precipitated silica particles) that are inert in respect of liquids, have a specific surface area of greater than about 200 m.sup.2 /g and which are fragmentable during mixing and/or injection into multiple fragments having particle sizes ranging from about 5 to 300 nanometers.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising fine aggregate, preferably sand, in an amount of about 10 to about 25 wt %; blast furnace slag cement, in an amount of about 20 to about 35 wt %; gypsum, in an amount of about 20 to about 35 wt %; Portland cement, in an amount of about 4 to about 30 wt %; and cement plasticizer in an amount of about 0.3 to about 3 wt %. The dry cement composition may be formulated with aggregate and water to prepare a flowable liquid, self-leveling and self-smoothing coating material that may be applied to a substrate such as a floor substrate. The applied coating requires no manual finishing or smoothing, yet hardens to form a level, very smooth coating that possesses excellent compressive strength.

Abstract: Cementitious binders include calcium sulfate beta-hemihydrate, a cement component comprising Portland cement, and either silica fume or rice-husk ash. The silica fume or rice-husk ash component is at least about 92 wt % amorphous silica and has an alumina content of about 0.6 wt % or less.

Abstract: Cementation slurries well suited for encasing reinforcing elements therefor, for example prestressed steel cable, while reducing the risk of embrittlement thereof, contain from about 1.5% to 3% by weight of homogenizing and exudation-reducing hydrophilic particulates (e.g., precipitated silica particles) that are inert in respect of liquids, have a specific surface area of greater than about 200 m.sup.2 /g and which are fragmentable during mixing and/or injection into multiple fragments having particle sizes ranging from about 5 to 300 nanometers.

Abstract: A method of coating paper with a paper coating composition having a solids concentration of at least 45% by weight, consisting essentially of an aqueous cationic dispersion of a particulate calcium carbonate pigment and a nonionic or cationic adhesive, wherein the pigment has a particle size distribution such that no more than 1% by weight of the particles have an equivalent spherical diameter larger than 10 microns, at least 65% by weight of the particles have an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 2 microns and not more than 10% by weight of the particles have an equivalent spherical diameter smaller than 0.25 micron, and wherein said pigment is dispersed with a combination of a cationic polyelectrolyte and an anionic polyelectrolyte, with the amount of cationic polyelectrolyte being in the range of about 0.01% to about 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the dry pigment, and with the amount of anionic polyelectrolyte being in the range of about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: A novel binder for interior plasters having a calcium sulphate component capable of binding in the presence of water and a finely divided residual material component comprised primarily of calcium sulphite, where the residual material is a product of flue gas desulphurization of coal-fired combustion plants.

Abstract: A veneer plaster having strengths of substantially greater than 3,000 psi, abrasion resistance of penetrations less than 0.04 inch with 1,000 cycles of a five-pound brush using a 3M Granule Embedding Testing Machine, made from about 1,800 pounds of calcium sulfate beta hemihydrate, 200 pounds of fine silica sand, and about 4 pounds of a fine, white powder dispersant typified by a melamine-formaldehyde-sodium bisulfite polymer.

Abstract: A structural article of manufacture having a specific gravity less than about 1.5, composed of a compressed, dry cementitious composition comprising a particulate aggregate substantially free from particles smaller than about minus 80 mesh.

Abstract: A process for the preparation in an aqueous medium of purified calcium sulfate, with high whiteness, characterized in that it comprises:a) the formation of an aqueous solution by dissolution of impure hemihydrated calcium sulfate, at a concentration at most of 13.0 grams per liter (expressed in dissolved CaSO.sub.4) and at a pH of at least 5.

Abstract: In a process for preparing calcium sulphate alpha hemihydrate essentially the form of primary crystals, the hemihydrate is milled to specific surface area of 1200 to 4000 cm.sup.2 /g, the fines are removed by screening, and a retarder and liquefier in the form of at least one fruit acid and/or its or their salt(s) are admixed. The product obtained is characterized by delayed onset of rigidity, rapid development of resistance and high resistance, and is used in particular as an injection mortar.

Abstract: A cementitious composition capable of forming an early high strength cement when admixed with a liquid comprising a cementitious material of a specific chemical composition, surface area, and particle size distribution, the method of making such cementitious composition, and cements comprising said composition.

Abstract: A moist mixture of plaster of Paris and fibres is produced due to the fact that before mixing with the fibres, a considerable quantity of water is supplied to the plaster of Paris, which leads to a moisture content of the plaster of Paris of up to 22% by weight (with respect to the dry substance). With this moisture content, the plaster of Paris is indeed no longer stable in storage in an unrestricted manner; however, it remains free from lumps for a certain processing time and can be mixed with the fibres in a high speed, continuous mixer. The moist mixture of plaster of Paris and fibres obtained in this way is intended as an initial product in the manufacture of fibre-reinforced moulded plaster bodies, in particular of fibre-reinforced plaster boards. It contains the water necessary fort setting in the most homogeneous distribution and in a precise dose (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An improved process for economically and effectively granulating solid, finely-divided, particulate feedstock comprising phosphogypsum, limestone, or mixtures comprising sulfogypsum, natural or mineral gypsum, or mixtures thereof and limestone and having from about 80 to 95 percent by weight of such sulfogypsum/mineral gypsum to effect products which exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties relative to dustiness, storage, handling, and perhaps most importantly, aqueous media-induced rapidity of reversion to a mesh-size distribution of particles substantially similar to the initial size distribution of said feedstock, which improved process involves introducing such relatively finely-divided feedstock, together with material comprising recycle thereof into a suitable agglomeration device, such as a rotary drum, and therein effecting agglomeration/granulation of such feedstock in the presence of aqueous media, the improvement comprising the utilization, in combination with said aqueous media, of relat

Abstract: A self-levelling mortar mixture containing anhydrite, activator salts, plasticizers, surfactants and water is improved by providing the anhydrite in the form of both coarse-grained particles and finely ground particles.