Abstract: An electrode structure includes a positive electrode layer and a positive electrode collector member. The positive electrode collector member includes a positive electrode collector foil, a carbon film, and a hot melt adhesive agent. A positive electrode total specific surface area is more than or equal to 2.2 m2/g and less than or equal to 3.0 m2/g, the positive electrode total specific surface area being represented by a total of a product of weight ratio and specific surface area of a positive electrode active material, a product of weight ratio and specific surface area of a solid electrolyte, and a product of weight ratio and specific surface area of a conductive material. A softening point of the hot melt adhesive agent is more than or equal to 100° C. and less than or equal to 130° C.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing an existing stone masonry wall, wherein, the UHPC (ultra high performance concrete) material for reinforcing an existing stone masonry wall as a reinforcing material, comprising following steps: step (1): carrying out a pretreatment to the existing stone masonry wall to be reinforced; step (2): tensioning and thereby reinforcing the existing stone masonry wall pretreated in the step (1); step (3): injecting a prepared UHPC material into the mortar joint by a manual squeezing; step (4): spraying prepared UHPC material onto the existing stone masonry wall that has been treated in the step (3) by a spraying process; step (5): maintaining; the UHPC material includes: 550-600 kg/m3 of silicate cement, 180-200 kg/m3 of white silica fume, 510-530 kg/m3 of limestone powder, 715-735 kg/m3 of quartz sand, 60-75 kg/m3 of iron ore tailings particles, 50-60 kg/m3 of pumice particles, 15-30 kg/m3 of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 230-255 kg/m3 of water and 25-35 kg/m3 of POM fiber.

Abstract: Methods of producing solid CO2 sequestering carbonate materials are provided. Aspects of the methods include introducing a divalent cation source into a flowing aqueous liquid (e.g., a bicarbonate rich product containing liquid) under conditions sufficient such that a non-slurry solid phase CO2 sequestering carbonate material is produced. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods.

Abstract: Methods of producing solid CO2 sequestering carbonate materials are provided. Aspects of the methods include introducing a divalent cation source into a flowing aqueous liquid (e.g., a bicarbonate rich product containing liquid) under conditions sufficient such that a non-slurry solid phase CO2 sequestering carbonate material is produced. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that comprise sub-micron alumina for accelerating setting of a cement composition. An embodiment includes a method of cementing in a subterranean formation. The method may comprise introducing a cement composition into the subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water. The method further may comprise allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Another embodiment includes a cement composition that may comprise hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed that comprise cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered. An embodiment discloses a method of preparing cement kiln dust comprising: providing cement kiln dust having an original particle size; and altering the mean particle size of the cement kiln dust from the original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof. Another embodiment discloses a well treatment fluid comprising: cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered from its original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof; and water.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations, including a method of cementing that may comprise providing a settable composition that may comprise wollastonite, pumice, a calcium-ion source, and water, wherein the wollastonite may be present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice, and wherein the pumice may present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice. Embodiments of the method further may comprise allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations, including a method of cementing that may comprise providing a settable composition that may comprise wollastonite, pumice, a calcium-ion source, and water, wherein the wollastonite may be present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice, and wherein the pumice may present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice. Embodiments of the method further may comprise allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cement compositions and methods of using set-delayed cement compositions in subterranean formations. In one embodiment a method of cementing in a subterranean formation is described. The method comprises providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising pumice, hydrated lime, a cement set retarder, a synthetic smectite, and water; introducing the set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the set-delayed cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to cementing operations and, more particularly, in certain embodiments, to settable compositions that comprise kiln dust and wollastonite and methods of use in subterranean formations. An embodiment discloses a method of cementing comprising: providing a settable composition comprising kiln dust, wollastonite, and water; and allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: A method of forming structures utilizing a hydrated lime material. A hydrated lime material is formed that is impermeable to water that is formed by subjecting a quicklime to a mixer and adding a surfactant and water to form the hydrated lime. The hydrated lime is then blended with a composite material to form a blended material that is impermeable to water. This blended material is then utilized in differing structures in order to form structures that are impermeable to water.

Abstract: Fiber-containing composite particles and fiber-reinforced barrier matrix compositions made from them are disclosed. The composite particles include a core, a hydratable clay mineral layer, an optional protective coating, and a reinforcing fiber. The fiber may be present in any or all of several locations: adhered to the core, dispersed in the hydratable layer or in the protective coating. Upon hydration, the hydratable clay mineral layer swells and forms a matrix that cohesively holds the fibers and the core in a fiber-reinforced barrier matrix composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to plug-and-abandon operations that use plugging compositions comprising cement kiln dust, pumicite, and/or lime. An embodiment includes a method of plugging a well bore for abandonment comprising: placing a plugging composition in the well bore, the plugging composition comprising: cement kiln dust in an amount of about 5% to about 100% by weight of cementitious components, pumicite in an amount of about 5% to about 100% by weight of cementitious components, 0% to about 24% of Portland cement by weight of cementitious components, and water; and allowing the plugging composition to set and form a plug.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that comprise sub-micron alumina for accelerating setting of a cement composition. An embodiment includes a method of cementing in a subterranean formation. The method may comprise introducing a cement composition into the subterranean formation, wherein the cement composition comprises hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water. The method further may comprise allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Another embodiment includes a cement composition that may comprise hydraulic cement, sub-micron alumina, and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to CO2 capturing binder with an amortized environmental cost, the method of manufacture thereof by means of selecting, purifying and optimizing the carbide lime paste for use as a cementing material, and aggregates for the manufacture of lime paints and slurries, stuccos, mortars and concretes having multiple applications in the construction industry, in architectural restoration, in public works and land conditioning, object of the present invention. It is basically characterized in that the raw material is the residue in the form of sludge generated in the industrial manufacture of acetylene (C2H2) from calcium carbide (CaC2) the fundamental component of which is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in highly reactive nanometric formations treated in a specific manner according to the invention.

Abstract: A manufactured cementitious binder including a hydraulic binder in an amount in the range of from about 40 to 75% by weight of the cementitious binder; metakaolin in an amount in the range of from about 1 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder; silica fume in an amount up to about 15% by weight of the cementitious binder; lime kiln dust in an amount of from about 5 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder, and a cementitious accelerator in an amount greater than about 0.1% by weight of the cementitious binder, wherein the cementitious binder provides a cementitious settable composition, when added with water and without a lightweight additive, that has a density lower than about 13 pounds per gallon and greater than about 11 pounds per gallon and a 24 hour compressive strength at 100 F, as hardened, of at least 500 psi.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed that comprise cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered. An embodiment discloses a method of preparing cement kiln dust comprising: providing cement kiln dust having an original particle size; and altering the mean particle size of the cement kiln dust from the original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof. Another embodiment discloses a well treatment fluid comprising: cement kiln dust having a mean particle size that has been altered from its original size by grinding, separating, or a combination thereof; and water.

Abstract: Embodiments provide slurries of water and zeolite. These slurries have beneficial properties when mixed with asphalt. These beneficial properties may include extension of the asphalt as well as a decrease in the temperature used to process the cement. In some embodiments additional additives are included, such as anti-strip amines. Methods of making and using the slurries, as well as cement mixtures incorporating the slurries are also included herein.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a method of servicing a well bore. The method may comprise introducing a lost circulation composition into a lost circulation zone, the lost circulation composition comprising hydraulic cement, nano-particles, amorphous silica, clay, and water. The method further may comprise allowing the lost circulation composition to set in the lost circulation zone. Another embodiment includes a lost circulation composition. The lost circulation may comprise hydraulic cement, nano-particles, amorphous silica, clay, and water.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a cement admixture that can form concrete having a sufficient self-healing capability and satisfactorily maintaining its self-healing capability for prolonged periods. The cement admixture of the invention contains an expanding material and an alumina-silicate with swelling properties. The cement admixture is combined with cement to form a cement composition. The cement composition is mixed with water and an aggregate to provide concrete with an excellent self-healing capability.

Abstract: A manufactured cementitious binder including a hydraulic binder in an amount in the range of from about 40 to 75% by weight of the cementitious binder; metakaolin in an amount in the range of from about 1 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder; silica fume in an amount up to about 15% by weight of the cementitious binder; lime kiln dust in an amount of from about 5 to 30% by weight of the cementitious binder, and a cementitious accelerator in an amount greater than about 0.1% by weight of the cementitious binder, wherein the cementitious binder provides a cementitious settable composition, when added with water and without a lightweight additive, that has a density lower than about 13 pounds per gallon and greater than about 11 pounds per gallon and a 24 hour compressive strength at 100 F, as hardened, of at least 500 psi.

Abstract: A method of making a cementitious composition comprises (a) selecting at least one pozzolanic particulate material; (b) selecting and grinding at least one feldspar material to a fineness of at least 3000 Blaine; (c) mixing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with gypsum; (d) mixing the ground feldspar with the lime-gypsum mixture to produce an activator; (e) conditioning the pozzolanic particulate material with an aqueous solution; (f) adding the activator to the conditioned material to produce a slurry; and (g) curing the slurry in a sealed container. The pozzolanic particulate material can be slag, fly ash, or siliceous rock. A cementitious composition of the invention comprises a pozzolanic particulate material, a ground feldspar material, a lime compound and gypsum, and uses readily available materials, as an economic replacement for Portland cement, fly ash or other materials in filling, backfilling and paving, particularly for backfilling or stabilizing mine sites.

Abstract: An improved blend added to soil for soil strengthening and stabilization comprising the combination of 15 to 60 percent by weight of a lime component, such as quicklime, hydrated lime and/or a lime by-product, such as lime kiln dust, with a balance or remainder of cement. The blending of the materials has a synergistic effect, such that the resulting product exceeds the soil strengthening and soil stabilization capabilities of the individual components. The synergistic effect further extends to the hardening and curing characteristics of the blend, in that the blend has a very short hardening time compared with its component parts. The blend physically and chemically modifies the soil to which it is applied to accomplish the soil strengthening and stabilization impacts, and is applicable to a wide range of soil types and conditions.

Abstract: The invention is a composition of an architectural papier-mâché, and articles made therewith. Articles formed from using the architectural papier-mâché have excellent weather resistance, and can be used outdoors, as well as indoors. The composition is comprised of cellulose insulation and a joint compound. Cellulose insulation is a paper-based material, like newsprint or phonebook paper that is shredded and chemically treated with boric acid, which imparts resistance to mold, mildew, fungus, insects, moisture and flammable combustion.

Abstract: Disclosed are formulations adapted to form a foamed cementitious composition, the foamed cementitious composition itself, a method of forming a hydraulic binder foam, and a method of conveying and applying the resulting foam to a substrate. A pumpable cementitious slurry is formed, the slurry is mixed with a gas such as air, and is subjected to mechanically created turbulence to generate gas bubbles and create a foam, which preferably is stabilized by a foam stabilizing agent such as polyvinyl alcohol present in the slurry. The foam is then conveyed to a nozzle or other suitable dispense point from which it is applied, for example sprayed, preferably uniformly, onto a substrate to be coated. Prior to dispensing, a set accelerator is preferably injected, which causes the foam to gel, which in turn improves the hangability of the product on a substrate. The spray material adheres to the substrate and hardens to form an insulative coating on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides settable compositions that comprise water and cement kiln dust. The settable compositions optionally may comprise an additive that comprises at least one of the following group: fly ash; shale; slag cement; zeolite; metakaolin; and combinations thereof. The settable compositions optionally may be foamed with a gas. Methods of cementing also are provided that comprise: providing the settable composition; introducing the settable composition into a location to be cemented; and allowing the settable composition to set therein. The location to be cemented may be above ground or in a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A coating, method of coating and substrates coated thereby, wherein the coating contains an inorganic adhesive such as an alkali/alkaline earth metal silicate such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, calcium silicate, and magnesium silicate; a filler such as a metal oxide for example silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide; and one or more emissivity agents such as silicon hexaboride, carbon tetraboride, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, tungsten disilicide, zirconium diboride, cupric chromite, or metallic oxides such as iron oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides, chromium oxides and copper chromium oxides, and derivatives thereof. In a coating solution, an admixture of the coating contains water. A stabilizer such as bentonite, kaolin, magnesium alumina silicon clay, tabular alumina and stabilized zirconium oxide may be added.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a non-calcined clay composite used as building materials capable of promoting humans' health and being desirably used irrespective of location, which is improved in terms of strength without calcining clay. Because the non-calcined clay composite is produced without calcining clay, the process of producing it is simplified and its productivity is improved. The non-calcined clay composite includes 50 to 90 wt % clay, 2 to 30 wt % lime, 4 to 48 wt % blast furnace slag, 0.04 to 0.9 wt % alkaline chemical, and water as a balance, and has high compression strength due to an ionic coagulation reaction, a pozzolan reaction, and a latent hydraulic reaction.

Abstract: A coating admixture, method of coating and substrates coated thereby, wherein the coating contains colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, or combinations thereof; a filler such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide; and one or more emissivity agents such as silicon hexaboride, carbon tetraboride, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, tungsten disilicide, zirconium diboride, cupric chromite, or metallic oxides such as iron oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides, chromium oxides, copper chromium oxides, cerium oxides, terbium oxides, and derivatives thereof. In a coating solution, an admixture of the coating contains water. A stabilizer such as bentonite, kaolin, magnesium alumina silicon clay, tabular alumina and stabilized zirconium oxide is also added.

Abstract: The present invention relates to subterranean operations, and more particularly, to settable fluids comprising vitrified shale and hydrated lime and methods of using such settable fluids in subterranean applications. In an exemplary embodiment, the settable fluids of the present invention may be used as a displacement fluid. In another exemplary embodiment, the settable fluids of the present invention may be used as a drilling fluid.

Abstract: An asbestos free, calcium silicate insulating material suitable for use in the casting of molten non-ferrous metals, and suitable for use in applications where a fire resistant, heat insulating, electrical insulating, and corrosion resistant material is desirable. The calcium silicate insulating material is peoduced by combining lime, a siliceous component, alumina silica microspheres, wollastonite and organic fibrous material in the presence of water to form a slurry. The slurry is then placed under steam pressure, to react the lime, siliceous component and water, dried, and heat treated if necessary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to subterranean operations, and more particularly, to settable fluids comprising vitrified shale and hydrated lime and methods of using such settable fluids in subterranean applications. In an exemplary embodiment, the settable fluids of the present invention may be used as a displacement fluid. In another exemplary embodiment, the settable fluids of the present invention may be used as a drilling fluid.

Abstract: A cement composition for use in acidic environment containing liquid alkali silicate, vitreous silicate setting agent, lime containing material and inert filler and building materials made therefrom as well as the method of making such building materials. The liquid alkali silicate may include sodium silicate or potassium silicate. The vitreous silicate setting agent may include soda-lime glass powder or coal fly ash. The lime containing material refers to the materials containing more than 20% lime and may include quicklime, hydrated lime, Portland cement, blast furnace slag or steel slag. The inert fillers include ground quartz, ground ceramic, and/or clay.

Abstract: Wallboard joint compound compositions comprising water, calcium carbonate, a polyether siloxane copolymer, and a styrene-butadiene polymer are disclosed. The joint compound compositions display significantly reduced cratering, reduced shrinking, greater sag resistance, and excellent workability.

Abstract: The present invention provides lightweight cement compositions, and methods for cementing in a subterranean formation using such cement compositions. The cement compositions comprise hydrated lime, vitrified shale, and sufficient water to form a slurry. Optionally, other ingredients may be included in the compositions.

Abstract: A joint compound includes water, calcium carbonate, and a water-soluble polymeric set retarder formed from a monomer having two or more carboxyl groups. The joint compound is useful in various applications and in a hybrid joint compound made with a calcium sulfate hemihydrate setting-type joint compound.

Abstract: A joint compound includes water, calcium carbonate, and a water-soluble polymeric set retarder formed from a monomer having two or more carboxyl groups. The joint compound is useful in various applications and in a hybrid joint compound made with a calcium sulfate hemihydrate setting-type joint compound.

Abstract: A joint compound includes water, calcium carbonate, and a water-soluble polymeric set retarder formed from a monomer having two or more carboxyl groups. The joint compound is useful in various applications and in a hybrid joint compound made with a calcium sulfate hemihydrate setting-type joint compound.

Abstract: A joint compound includes water, calcium carbonate, and a water-soluble polymeric set retarder formed from a monomer having two or more carboxyl groups. The joint compound is useful in various applications and in a hybrid joint compound made with a calcium sulfate hemihydrate setting-type joint compound.

Abstract: A flowable fill composition is shown which is prepared by mixing together a lime component, a pozzolanic component, aggregate material and water. The composition has a set compressive strength after 28 days of 2000 psi or less and is characterized by the substantial absence of cement or other self-setting adhesive components.

Abstract: Paper mill sludge is reclaimed and useful products produced therefrom. A predetermined amount of paper mill sludge is continuously discharged from a storage reservoir onto a mixer/conveyor to create a first reactant stream. A predetermined amount of calcium oxide is input into the first reactant stream from a calcium oxide reservoir. The calcium oxide and paper mill sludge are mixed as they travel along the mixer/conveyor to form a first intermediate mixture. After a time period sufficient to allow for the reaction of the calcium oxide and paper mill sludge, a predetermined amount of diatomite is added to the reactant stream from a diatomite storage reservoir. The first reactant stream, now comprising the first intermediate mixture of paper mill sludge and calcium oxide combined with diatomite, forms a useful, environmentally safe product.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a waterproofing composition to be applied on any surface desired to be protected or on damaged surfaces in order to avoid moisture or water leakages to the inside of the rooms. The composition comprises or consists essentially of 30 to 40% Portland cement or Kaolin; 20 to 30% marble dust or silica sand, 25 to 35% lime and 3 to 12% ground salt, alum stone or calcium chloride. The resulting talcum texture powder is mixed with water and applied as paint.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a soil or ground quality stabilizer comprising a mixture formed by mixing a burned sewage sludge ash the main contents of which are CaO, SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with a lime of calcium hydroxide to reduce hydraulicity and a fine Fe oxides mixture powder byproduced in steel production the main content of which is iron oxide. The soil or ground quality stabilizer is added into a pavement material containing crushed stones, natural soil, etc. to improve the strength and viscoelasticity of the natural soil and can give a desired CBR strength to the soil having an increased moisture content. The preferable adding ratio of the fine Fe oxides mixture powder into the mixture of the burned sewage sludge ash and the lime of calcium hydroxide is within the range of 15-35 weight %.

Abstract: A method for producing quick setting concrete is provided comprising hydrng a concrete dry mixture with carbonate solution to create a slurry, and allowing the slurry to cure. The invention also provides for a quick setting concrete having a predetermined proportion of CaCO.sub.3 of between 5 and 23 weight percent of the entire concrete mixture, and whereby the concrete has a compression strength of approximately 4,000 pounds per square inch (psi) within 24 hours after pouring.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising naturally-occurring humic allophane soil or Ando soil as an essential ingredient admixed with a binder material, said composition is useful in preparation of solid media effective as deodorant, absorbent, adsorbent and the like for treating fluids, in particular contaminated water and malodor air.

Abstract: A slurry composition for stabilizing the upper layers of the earth comprising a lime and a fly ash having a calcium oxide content of less than 18% and water.

Abstract: A continuous flow process for treating waste cellulosic fiber or paper mill sludge wherein calcium oxide, silica and water are blended with waste cellulosic fiber or paper mill sludge such that a pH is reached of between 10.5 and 12 to provide a treated mixture. The mixture is agitated such that it is dried and fluffed for use as an environmentally safe filler material.

Abstract: A composition useful in preparing a cement composition for setting and hardening of soils, comprising:(1) Slaked Lime;(2) Magnesium Chloride;(3) Montmorillonite;(4) Zirconium; and(5) Sodium Lignin-Sulfonate.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture includes hydraulic cement, fly ash, and an effective amount of unfired nature finely divided material, such as a clay, containing at least about 35% alumina, to accelerate the early strength of a mix. A method of accelerating early strength in a cementitious mix comprises the adding of alumina in the form of an unfired raw material, such as clay, in an effective amount in such mix.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide absorber is made by separating sludge from exhaust water discharged upon manufacturing fresh mixed concrete or concrete secondary products, then dewatering the separated sludge, and drying and crushing the dewatered sludge into dry fine particles.