Abstract: A sand lime shaped product including wax mixed with sand and lime formed into a shaped product having a density of at least 200 kg/m3. A method for making a sand lime shaped product is also disclosed, including mixing wax with sand and lime to form a mixture; and forming the mixture into a shaped product.

Abstract: Exemplary compositions comprise at least one aldopentonic acid, such as xylonic acid; and further comprise a lignin, a lignosulfonic acid or its salt, an additional sugar acid such as a aldohexonic acid or salt, a conventional admixture (such as a polyacrylate superplasticizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a set retard, a set accelerator, etc.), or a mixture thereof. Exemplary methods for obtaining microbiologically or enzymatically converted sugar acids are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to concretes and mortars comprising a hydrophilic component such as hemp, flax or straw; a binder which sets in air through absorption of carbon dioxide after reduction in an aqueous phase; at least one additive which forms a microcapillary system array; and at least one matrix water repellency additive.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives as dispersing agents for mineral binder suspensions. A partially hydrolyzed cellulose containing carboxyl groups and optionally hydroxyalkyl and/or sulfate groups and/or a partially hydrolyzed amylose-rich starch which also has sulfoalkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms is used as the polysaccharide derivative. These polysaccharide derivatives have a low viscosity and an excellent plasticizing effect in mineral binder suspensions, especially in those based on cement, lime and/or gypsum.

Abstract: In a cold-curing mortar or concrete composition comprising calcareous and siliceous materials as predominant components, 0.3-2.5 wt % based on the calcareous material of a silicone oil having formula (1) is added. R is C3-12 alkyl, R? is C1-4 alkyl, y is such an integer that the number of R is 5-50 mol % of the total number of substituent groups directly attached to silicon atoms in a molecule, z is an integer of 0-5, and 3?x+y+z?30. The set composition is improved in water repellency without incurring a drop of strength.

Abstract: An asbestos free, calcium silicate insulating material, suitable for use in applications where a tough, fire resistant, heat insulating, electrical insulating, and corrosion resistant material is desirable. The calcium silicate insulating material is produced by combining Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, a siliceous component, wollastonite and organic fibrous material in the presence of water to form a slurry. The slurry is then placed under steam pressure, to react the portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, siliceous component and water, dried, and heat treated if necessary.

Abstract: An admixture for minimizing or preventing dust on surfaces of cured cement and concrete structures comprises a shrinkage reducing additive in combination with a fatty alcohol. Cementitious compositions containing the admixture, and methods for reducing dusting on cement structures, are also described.

Abstract: A low moisture composition for producing concrete articles exhibiting increased density and strength and requiring a short consolidation time is obtained by adding a powder admixture of naphthalene formaldehyde condensates to a cement composition.

Abstract: Wallboard joint compound compositions comprising water, calcium carbonate, a polyether siloxane copolymer, and a styrene-butadiene polymer are disclosed. The joint compound compositions display significantly reduced cratering, reduced shrinking, greater sag resistance, and excellent workability.

Abstract: The invention relates to hemp mortars or concretes, that is, mortars and concretes comprising one or more components of hemp in their formulation, ones in which the binder is at least in part made up of what is termed “rich” lime, in particular burnt lime in different forms such as a paste, a powder, or, in the case of quicklime, rock itself.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives as dispersing agents for mineral binder suspensions. A partially hydrolyzed cellulose containing carboxyl groups and optionally hydroxyalkyl and/or sulfate groups and/or a partially hydrolyzed amylose-rich starch which also has sulfoalkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms is used as the polysaccharide derivative. These polysaccharide derivatives have a low viscosity and an excellent plasticizing effect in mineral binder suspensions, especially in those based on cement, lime and/or gypsum.

Abstract: A fire retardant building material composed of a mixture of water and cellulose fibers, both of which can be comprised of readily available materials at the job site, such as the available water supply or natural water and scrap shredded paper, including newspaper or other discarded paper or cardboard materials. The water and cellulose fiber is mixed to form a slurry and calcium hydroxide, alumina, salt and ammonia are added. Pigments and aggregates may be added for appearance.

Abstract: A foundry mold and the method of making it is disclosed and claimed. Black liquor is extracted from a pulping process and used as a resin which when combined with an aggregate forms a foundry mold, foundry core or a briquette. The black liquor can be combined with another material to accelerate the cure and to resist moisturization of the mold, core or briquette.

Abstract: Composition for treating and stabilizing soils, in particular wet soils, comprising, in the form of a powder having a particle size less than 5 mm, quicklime and/or calcium-based hydraulic binders, as well as a non-aqueous fluid additive capable of agglomerating the finer particles of the composition together.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by melting the mineral content of an organic carbon-containing mineral, for example, oil shale or tar sands, with a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The organic carbon, especially hydrocarbon, content of the mineral is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination, in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated provides the thermal energy for the reaction between the mineral content and the source of lime. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled, or atomized and then milled, to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: An admixture for minimizing or preventing dust on surfaces of cured cement and concrete structures comprises a shrinkage reducing additive in combination with a fatty alcohol. Cementitious compositions containing the admixture, and methods for reducing dusting on cement structures, is also described.

Abstract: Exemplary compositions comprise at least one aldopentonic acid, such as xylonic acid; and further comprise a lignin, a lignosulfonic acid or its salt, an additional sugar acid such as a aldohexonic acid or salt, a conventional admixture (such as a polyacrylate superplasticizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a set retard, a set accelerator, etc.), or a mixture thereof. Exemplary methods for obtaining microbiologically or enzymatically converted sugar acids are also described herein.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an aqueous calcium Hydroxide slurry with solids loading of 25-65 wt. %, an acidic polymer or water-soluble salt thereof and a co-additive are prepared. Also claimed are methods for the preparation thereof. The composition has low viscosity and remains flowable after several days.

Abstract: Oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions for cementing in wells and subterranean formations are provided. The oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions basically comprise an oil external emulsion comprising oil, water and an emulsifying surfactant, a hydraulically settable component and a de-emulsifying surfactant for de-emulsifying the oil-external emulsion when the emulsion is cured.

Abstract: The method for sealing a seam between adjacent structural panels significantly reduces the time for finishing a drywall in comparison with conventional methods, which use multiple applications of a joint compound to seal the seam. An all-purpose drywall joint compound is mixed with a synthetic fiber, such as Colombian Fiber, or polypropylene, and sufficient water to facilitate soaking of the synthetic fiber and mixing with the joint compound. An optional liquid adhesive, such as liquid wallpaper adhesive, is added to the mixture. The mixture is then applied as one coat to the seam and allowed to dry. No subsequent coatings of the mixture are necessary.

Abstract: Cement-containing or cement-free building material compositions containing a pulverulent rheological additive comprising: a) soluble a copolymer of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, b) a dispersant, and c) a polymer powder which is redispersible in water provide mortars, adhesives, grouts, etc., with excellent processability cured properties.

Abstract: Composition for treating and stabilizing soils, in particular wet soils, comprising, in the form of a powder having a particle size less than 2 mm, quicklime and/or calcium-based hydraulic binders, as well as a non-aqueous fluid additive capable of agglomerating the finer particles of the composition together.

Abstract: Disclosed is a concrete composition that comprises water, a cementitious material, and an aggregate material, the aggregate material comprising a granular starch. In accordance with preferred embodiments of the invention, the granular starch is a washed, pre-swollen starch, and is added to the composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious material. The starch granules are swollen in the uncured composition but liberate water and shrink to their unswollen size as the concrete cures, thus providing a cured lightweight concrete. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a concrete composition. The disclosed method comprises providing starch granules, mixing the starch granules with water and a cementitious material to form an uncured concrete composition, and subsequently curing the uncured concrete composition thus formed.

Abstract: A dry masonry render mixture comprising, in concentrations which can be varied to achieve different finishes, Portland cement, river sand, graded stones, plasterers lime, the ingredients being mixed in the presence of lightweight filaments and silica-based catalyst. The dry render masonry mixture is mixed with a liquid solution of water and a latex polymer of various concentrations to form a slurry. The invention includes several methods of application of varying concentrations of the slurry to obtain different textured finishes.

Abstract: A joint compound includes water, calcium carbonate, and a water-soluble polymeric set retarder formed from a monomer having two or more carboxyl groups. The joint compound is useful in various applications and in a hybrid joint compound made with a calcium sulfate hemihydrate setting-type joint compound.

Abstract: A waterborne pigmented paper or paperboard coating composition containing as pigment 50% to 100%, by weight based on pigment weight, calcium carbonate and from 1% to 25%, as dry weight based on pigment weight, of an aqueous polymeric dispersion including

Abstract: A biocidal film-forming composition, preferably a paint, is disclosed, comprising hydrated lime and a non-ionic polyolefinic latex resistant to hydrated-lime induced coagulation and phase separation. Also disclosed is the method of making certain such composition wherein hydrated lime is admixed with a non-ionic polyolefinic ester latex with agitation and continuing such agitation until hydrolysis of the ester is substantially completed and rheology of the composition is stabilized.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for the removal of chloride ions from reinforced concrete includes passing a direct current between (i) an anode in electrical contact with the adherent coating containing a water retaining adhesive material, and an aqueous electrolyte applied to an external surface of the concrete and (ii) a cathode which is located internally in the concrete. According to the process, chloride ions are caused to migrate to the anode. In order to reduce the production of chlorine gas, the coating contains, as a chlorine scavenger, solid calcium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. The chlorine scavenger is most preferably present in an amount of at least 8%, and more preferably 20 to 50%, by weight based on the dry weight of the water retaining material.

Abstract: The present invention prolongs the biocidal activity of hydrated lime in a paint or coating by using a sufficient amount of a binder in the paint or coating to block carbon dioxide from reacting with the hydrated lime while still producing a coating that is durable and adhesive upon drying and not unduly friable due to the amount of hydrated lime in said coating.

Abstract: The present invention describes fluorochemical foam stabilizers used in combination with surfactants to yield foams that are exceptionally stable in cementitious media. The stabilized foams that incorporate these fluorochemical agents are useful as novel ultra-lightweight foam aggregates in concrete compositions of tailorable density, strength, and other properties. Methods of making concrete compositions that include such foam aggregates are also described.

Abstract: The present invention prolongs the biocidal activity of hydrated lime in a paint or coating by using a sufficient amount of a binder in the paint or coating to block carbon dioxide from reacting with the hydrated lime while still producing a coating that is durable and adhesive upon drying and not unduly friable due to the amount of hydrated lime in said coating

Abstract: A building and construction material and method of making the material utilizes water with cement which are mixed together and followed by mixing with a mineral filler material such as sand or gravel to produce concrete having micropores of about 0.01 to about 5.mu. in diameter. By eliminating from the mineral filler material all fine grains of less than 0.2 mm, it has been found that the strength of the concrete is improved and the amount of shrinkage is reduced.

Abstract: A building material mixture for use in manual plasters, gun plasters and knifing fillers having reduced stickiness comprises at least one inorganic binder and a cellulose ether which has been treated with a hydrophobicizing agent.

Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementious mixture using cement and expanded shale, clay and slate mix, that can incorporate fly ash, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns, and characterized by having water contents in the range of from about 0.5% to 50% v/v. The ultra low water compositions can be extruded and can be molded under high pressure.

Abstract: This invention describes two products both with a plain, fine textured, nonperforated surface visual consisting of a fiberboard substrate with or without a laminated porous nonwoven scrim and then a finished painted surface. The finish painted surface decorates or finishes the board, but most important, must remain acoustically transparent to retain the sound absorption properties of the fiberboard prior to painting. The fiberboard substrate is made to be porous or modified with hole perforations to cause it to be a good sound absorber. If the fiberboard substrate is sufficiently porous without hole perforations, then the sprayable, high solids, porous paint can be directly applied. If hole perforations are used to improve the sound absorption properties of the board substrate, then a porous, nonwoven scrim is attached and painted using the same high solids porous paint.

Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementitious mixture that can incorporate fly ash, portland cement, sand, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns. The final mix can be poured into molded products such as foundation walls, roof tiles, bricks and the like. The product can also be used as a mason's mortar, a plaster, a stucco or a texture.

Abstract: An process for manufacturing a admixture for concrete, mortar or asphalt out of paint sludge is discussed; The preferred embodiment utilizes the chemical drying of paint sludge through the addition of lime. The resulting powder contains a mixture of slaked lime and paint solids and can be used in the formation of concrete, mortar or asphalt.

Abstract: An organomineral construction paste comprises a mixture of a suspension of cellulose, lime and an aqueous solution of a sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Airborne ash and hydraulic binders may also be added to impart additional moldable properties to the paste.

Abstract: A novel hydrophobizing agent is provided for use in a composition for rendering waste substances harmless. The agent comprises a liquid blend of a specified mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a specified mixture of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of carboxymethylated methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ethers or methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers having a DS.sub.alkyl from 1.0 to 2.0, a DS.sub.carboxyalkyl from 0.005 to 0.6 and an MS.sub.hydroxyalkyl from 0.05 to 1 as an additive to mixtures of hydrated lime and cement, and to the mixtures of hydrated lime and cement obtained in this way.

Abstract: The use of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide as a crack-inhibiting additive for tape joint compositions is disclosed. Tape joint compositions containing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide maintain their workability while experiencing less cracking upon drying.

Abstract: An invention is shown in which a quicklime is hydrated in the presence of a special chemical modifier to produce a controlled temperature hydrate having improved plastic properties and greater surface areas.

Abstract: A process for the production of a water-insoluble, abrasion-resistant, synthetic solid article or aggregate, as well as the products produced thereby. Fly ash, lime, water and FGD sludge are mixed intimately and formed at pressures exceeding 1,000 psi, preferably 4000-8000 psi. The product is cured for at least the equivalent of 28 days at 73.degree. F., and crushed and sized to produce a commercial aggregate, for example, for concrete, asphalt, concrete masonry units, etc.

Abstract: A hydrous calcium silicate based material prepared according to a wet method employing a specific liquid to solid phase ratio and pressures. The resulting hydrous calcium silicate based material comprises predominantly 11.3 .ANG. tobermorite and minor amounts of inorganic or organic fibers. This material has good insulating properties and good mechanical strength.

Abstract: Paste compositions comprising from 20 to 60% by weight of an alkaline-earth metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and the mixture threreof; from 20 to 60% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol; from 0.5 to 5% by weight of an alkali-soluble cellulose derivative; and from 5 to 20% by weight of water based on the total weight of the composition are disclosed. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the same; a medicament useful for pulpotomy, medicament for stimulating the formation of osteoid scar; and a method for pulpotomy and a method for osteosis comprising the step of applying the above composition.

Abstract: This invention provides a hydraulic composition which contains a cementitious material in powder form, .beta.-1,3-glucan, and a superplasticizer. The composition makes it possible to prepare concrete with high resistance to segregation, high fluidity, and excellent filling ability. Because of this, vibration of the concrete is not necessary during casting; it can simply be poured.

Abstract: An asbestos-free insulating material suitable for use in molten metal casting is disclosed. The material is made from a mixture comprising lime, siliceous component, wollastonite, inorganic fiber and pitch based graphite fiber. The mixture is mixed with water to form a slurry, shaped, heated in the presence of steam, and dried to remove free water.

Abstract: An aqueous fluid for treating underground, carbon dioxide-containing formations penetrated by casing regions of a wellbore, prior to the cementing of casings into the wellbore, comprises: (i) water, (ii) an agent which substantially increases (preferably by at least about 50 percent) the solubility of lime in water, and (iii) lime in an amount at least about saturating the water in the fluid. The lime in the treatment fluid reacts with carbon dioxide in penetrated formations to produce insoluble calcium carbonate, which blocks pores in the formations. Insoluble calcium hydroxide, formed by reaction of the lime with the water in the treatment fluid, deposits as an insoluble filter cake on the walls of the borehole where the fluid penetrates formations. The calcium hydroxide filter cake may react with the carbon dioxide to form additional calcium carbonate which helps the filter cake form a tight, impermeable barrier at the borehole.

Abstract: A dry mortar mix based on an inorganic bonding agent and optionally additives, plastics, fibres, and other conventional concrete additives is proposed especially to protect concrete structures and/or to eliminate surface damage to such structures. In addition to the inorganic bonding agent, the dry mortar mix contains a granular additive to increase alkalinity, this having a reaction speed that is a considerably lower than that of the granular bonding agent. This "reserve alkalinity" serves to counteract the diffusion of CO.sub.2 and SO.sub.2 from the air into the concrete, and the damage to the concrete that is attendant on such diffusion.