Abstract: A precombustor system (300) including an ignition chamber (301) having a front wall (308), a central axis, a diameter Dic, and an outlet (313) configured to discharge a product gas (315). The ignition chamber (301) includes a central ignition oxygen injector (307) configured to inject a first oxygen stream from the front wall (308) substantially parallel to the central axis, and a tangential primary fuel injector (303) configured to inject a primary fuel stream tangential to the central axis at a location an axial distance Xpf downstream of the front wall (308). The ratio Xpf/Dic is from 0.25 to 4.0. The central axis forms an angle a with a vertical line of less than or equal to about 45 degrees. The trajectory of the primary fuel stream forms an angle ? with a plane that is perpendicular to the central axis of less than or equal to about 20 degrees. A method for combustion is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exemplary method is disclosed for controlling on-line the steam output of a waste incineration plant that is fed with waste of varying composition. Process or system quantities (u2, u3, xGC, xLL, w0) can be measured repeatedly, at different times during operation of the plant, and a relation with linear parameters (?i) as coefficients of non-linear expressions (?i) of the process quantities can be established by evaluating the measurements. From this relation, an optimal waste feed rate to obtain a desired steam output ({dot over (M)}steam) can be determined and applied to a waste feed actuator of the waste incineration plant.

Abstract: A method for automatized combustion of solid fuel in a combustion apparatus which comprises a burner with a device, which is rotatable about the center axis of the burner for stirring the fuel in the burner which is connected to a boiler and has a feeding-in opening for fuel in the rear end of the burner outside of the boiler and an outlet opening for completely or partly combusted flue gases in the front end of the burner which opens in a combustion chamber inside the boiler which comprises a convection unit, from which a hot water conduit extends, the combustion apparatus also including a fan provided to be driven by a second motor for blowing combustion air into the burner, and a fuel charge feeder for fuel provided to be driven by a third motor.

Abstract: The present invention aims for the object thereof at preventing unburnt gas and noxious gas components from being generated in a refuse incinerator, and provides a combustion control method by which it is arranged so that a feeder (2) and a stoker (3) are not only controlled so as to keep evaporation (S1) of the boiler at a target value thereby to achieve stabilized combustion extending over a long period of time, but also feed water quantity (S2) and the like from a boiler water pipe section (2) forming a combustion chamber (6) are detected, and the rate of overfire air quantity to main combustion air quantity to a lower part of the stoker is controlled at a constant total gas capacity so that the fluctuation width of the feed water quantity (S2) falls within a set range.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling the combustion and temperature in an solid waste-to-steam incineration system comprising a grated combustion zone and a steam boiler. This control is achieved by a synergistic combination of oxygen enrichment of an air stream and liquid quench fed to the combustion zone. The disclosed process includes the steps of adjusting the amount of solid waste passing into the combustion zone in order to maintain a constant flow of steam leaving the steam boiler, adjusting the amount of liquid quench to the incinerator in order to maintain a constant temperature in the combustion zone and adjusting the amount of oxygen enrichment of the air stream in response to a change in flow of the liquid quench to the incinerator. An apparatus for accomplishing the foregoing is also disclosed.

Abstract: A control system for a pulverized coal fired boiler provided with a pulverized coal producing equipment including a coal feeding section, a milling section and a classifying section and an adjuster for adjusting a coaling rate thereof, and a pulverized coal burning equipment for burning the pulverized coal supplied from the pulverized coal producing equipment includes an estimation apparatus for estimating a coaling rate of coal out form the pulverized coal producing equipment, and an apparatus for operating the adjuster to adjust a coaling rate of coal supplied from the pulverized coal producing equipment to the pulverized coal burning equipment on the basis of an estimation of the estimation apparatus. The estimation is conducted by calculation of mathematical models which are obtained with taking the physical mechanism in the pulverized coal producing equipment and simulate a heat input with higher accuracy.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning waste refuse having a heterogeneous composition comprising means defining a combustion chamber having an inlet for charging waste refuse therein and an outlet for discharging combustion gases therefrom, means disposed within the combustion chamber for agitating waste refuse charged therein, means for sensing the temperature differential of combustion gases emanating from the burning waste refuse disposed on the agitating means, between spaced points along the path of flow of the emanating combustion gases, and means responsive to variations of the sensed temperature differential relative to a preselected temperature differential for adjusting the operation of the agitating means.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for supplying combustible material to a fluidized bed in a vessel connected to a separating device for the solid particles entrained with the smoke and containing a certain proportion of unburnt matter, the particles recovered being recycled into the fluidized bed. During a normal operation of the fluidized bed supplied with combustible matter, the solid particles recovered in the separating device are accumulated in a silo and periodically, the supply of combustible matter is stopped and the particles accumulated in the silo are recycled into the fluidized bed with a regulated flow rate, so that the combustion of the unburnt matter contained in the recycled particles maintains the temperature of the fluidized bed at the desired level. The exothermic reaction is maintained alternately by the combustion of the combustible matter in the normal operating phase and by the combustion of the unburnt matter in the recycling phase.

Abstract: A high efficiency Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) processing and supplying system for maintaining industrial boilers operating continuously at peak efficiency. The system includes equipment for efficient processing and maximum blending of diverse combustible material in municipal solid wastes into high quality, industrial grade RDF of maximum uniformity, and a plurality of RDF final processing fuel stations at least equal in number to the number of boilers to be supplied with RDF. From these fuel stations the RDF is selectively delivered at a steady, uniform, controlled rate to any of the boilers. Each station has an active storage unit, a doffing roll metering bin for attaining desired fluffiness in the RDF, a metering belt scale to achieve precise volume control of the RDF being fed to the boilers, and a trommel dryer supplied with waste heat from the boilers for drying the RDF and adapted for final removal of noncombustible fines from the RDF.

Abstract: A traveling grate for a furnace. The grate is formed of plural pipes through which flows a cooling medium, in particular water. The grate also includes plural movable chains. Grate plate guide flanges are arranged laterally on the pipes. The guide plates, which are connected to the chain rest on the guide flanges. The upper strand of each movable chain is guided in an additional chain guide. The lower strand serves to move ash which has fallen through the grate away to a collection station.Due to the heat discharge through the pipes, the heating performance of the grate can be increased or at a given heating performance an elevated life span can be achieved. Fluid which can be heated up in the pipes can be used profitably, for example to preheat boiler heat.

Abstract: An improved burning system for automatically controllably charging a wood-waste burning steam boiler utilizes a fuel bin unloader having a gravity fed screw metering device for feeding fuel into the system in response to steam demand and pollution output feedback signals. The metering device deposits fuel through a rotary air lock into an air stream of a fuel injection fan having a vortex controller on the inlet side to modulate and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio for wood firing. The fan injects the fuel and air into the boiler through a controlled proportioning valve. All controls and recording devices are contained in one control unit for operating each component of the system to achieve and maintain a proper fuel-air ratio according to received steam demand and pollution output feedback signals.

Abstract: A furnace system, especially a coal burning furnace and boiler system, in which the coal to be burned is placed on a grate at the bottom of the combustion chamber. According to the invention, automatic means are provided for supplying the coal to the boiler in response to the demands of the boiler. In addition, the boiler system of the present invention includes new and improved means for heating water to about 180.degree. F. to produce steam for use in generating power, such as in a steam locomotive railroad engine pulling up to at least 150 cars. The present invention also, in addition, provides the steam generating raw and distilled water supplies in indirect heat exchange closely adjacent the boiler in order to take advantage of the boiler for maintaining heating of the water supplies. Furthermore, the boiler system of the present invention provides means for recycling the combustion gases back into the combustion chamber whereby to enhance the heat producing efficiency of the boiler system.

Abstract: A boiler control system for boilers fired by solid fuels wherein the fuels are carried through the combustion zone of the boiler on a traveling grate and wherein the air flow for combustion as supplied to the undergrate region utilizes a control of the fuel rate from a deviation of the outlet pressure from the desired value with the control of the air flow to the undergrate region maintained generally in proportion to the steam flow from the boiler with the proportionality being biased from the deviation of the outlet pressure from its desired value.