Abstract: A slag discharge system includes a slag bath at a bottom portion of a gasifier; a slag cooling water circulation line that discharges a mixture of slag and a slag cooling water from the slag bath; a coarse slag separator device that separates coarse slag contained in the slag cooling water; a fine slag separator device connected to the coarse slag separator device downstream side, the fine slag separator device separating fine slag; and a circulator pump connected to the fine slag separator device downstream side, the circulator pump creating a water flow in the slag cooling water circulation line; wherein the fine slag separator device includes a branch section where the slag cooling water circulation line branches into a plurality of branch lines and again joins together as one line, a fine slag filter portion, and a shutoff valve and disposed in each of the plurality of branch lines.

Abstract: Provided is a plastic waste solid fuel incinerator comprising: an incinerator housing which has, on the upper portion thereof, a gas outlet through which combustion gas is discharged; a fuel supply unit which transfers and supplies a plastic waste solid fuel; a first combustion unit which continuously transfers and burns the supplied plastic waste solid fuel; a first air supply unit which supplies air needed for combustion to the first combustion unit; a combustion gas induction unit which induces the combustion gas generated from the first combustion unit toward the lower portion of a first combustion chamber; a second combustion unit which is arranged in the lower portion of the first combustion unit and comprises a downward injection nozzle unit which downwardly injects the combustion gas supplied through the combustion gas induction unit in order to reburn the combustion gas; and a second air supply unit which is arranged in the lower portion of the second combustion unit and supplies the air needed for c

Abstract: At least one aspect of the technology provides a self-contained processing facility configured to convert organic, high water-content waste, such as fecal sludge and garbage, into electricity while also generating and collecting potable water.

Abstract: A humidity sensor and filter assembly are housed within a cylindrical barrel that is positioned in a process gas stream such as combustion flue gas. A portion of sample flue gas is conducted through the barrel and the filter assembly past the sensor located inside the filter so that accurate humidity measurements can be taken. Unwanted flue gas particulate matter accumulated on the outside surface of the filter is ejected by pulsed purge gas admitted into the filter to reverse the flow through the filter. In one embodiment a heat exchange chamber preheats the purge gas. In another embodiment the pulsed purge is supplied by a reciprocal piston contiguous with the internal volume of the filter that reverses the flow through the filter using the process gas.

Abstract: In a loading area below a vertical furnace of a thermal treatment apparatus, a gas stream flows along a first direction from one side to the other side of the loading area into a first evacuation opening provided in the other side of the loading area. A thermal evacuation part is located, along the first direction, between a first evacuation opening and an upstream end of a substrate holding member located at an unload position that is located between the one side and the other side of the loading area. The thermal evacuation part includes a second evacuation opening that is arranged to oppose at least an upper part of the substrate holding member located at the unload position and evacuates an environment around the substrate holding member located at the unload position.

Abstract: An apparatus of controlling oxygen supply for a boiler having wind boxes 2a and 2b arranged on left and right of a boiler body 1 is configured to control supply balance of oxygen by adjusting oxygen supply opening degrees of the left and right oxygen distribution dampers 15a and 15b in accordance with a oxygen supply flow rate and left and right actually measured oxygen concentrations when controlling the oxygen supply amounts and to control the exhaust gas flow rates by correcting an exhaust gas flow rate set value corresponding to a boiler load demand in accordance with an oxygen concentration set value corresponding to a boiler load demand, left and right actually measured exhaust gas flow rates and left and right actually measured oxygen concentrations and adjusting left and right exhaust gas introduction opening degrees of the left and right exhaust gas introduction dampers 8a and 8b when controlling the exhaust gas flow rates.

Abstract: A method and system for fueling of a burner in a direct-fired device using syngas. A gasifier produces syngas from a carbonaceous feedstock such as biomass. The syngas is fed to a syngas burner. A booster burner disposed between the gasifier and the syngas burner increases the temperature of the syngas. The booster burner may be provided with an approximately stoichiometric or sub-stoichiometric amount of oxidant. Operation of the booster burner may be regulated based on the temperature of the syngas. The syngas burner may be used to direct-fire a device requiring a relatively high flame temperature, such as, for example, a lime kiln.

Abstract: A new and unique boiler and method of transition between air and Oxy-combustion in a coal fired combustion process wherein near pure oxygen may be introduced to the boiler furnace in several locations including directly into the flame through the burner and/or directly into the furnace as nearly pure oxygen, and/or into the recycle flue gas streams to the burners, including both primary and secondary streams.

Abstract: A system that provides for the efficient combustion of solid fuels is disclosed. The system includes a combustion chamber, a solid fuel dosing system for determining an amount of solid fuel to supply to the combustion chamber, a solid fuel conveying air blower for conveying solid fuel from the solid fuel dosing system to the combustion chamber, and an air combustion fan for supplying air to the combustion chamber via air conveying piping. The system may optionally further include a measurement and auxiliary fuel control system for determining an amount of auxiliary fuel to supply to the combustion chamber. Combustion of the auxiliary fuel raises a temperature of the combustion chamber to a level suitable for combustion of the solid fuel. The combustion chamber may be mounted on a displacement trolley.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method that reduces a moisture content of an agricultural product, particularly by using moisture sensors and/or temperature sensors. The apparatus includes at least one moisture sensor, optionally at least one temperature sensor, a controller, a flow regulator and/or a dryer. The method includes obtaining a moisture content and a temperature to calculate a product flowrate and optionally an energy input. A product flowrate signal is used to vary the flow regulator and an energy input signal is used to vary the energy regulator.

Abstract: A control method for operating a waste incineration plant with a auxiliary burner is disclosed. A steam power is regulated as a function of a burner power of the auxiliary burner. For this purpose, on the basis of the burner power, a burner steam power is determined, which represents the contribution generated by the auxiliary burner fire to the steam power of the waste incineration plant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3). Said boiler (1) comprises a reactor (16) with firing a secondary fuel (18) for generating a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and an end superheater (8) located in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said reactor (16) could be a sintering reactor, a rotary kiln, a fluidised bed or a spouted bed. This provides for an increased lifetime of the end superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the clean and convenient combustion of high viscosity liquid fuels, such as glycerol, as well as an apparatus useful for carrying such processes. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a process for glycerol combustion comprising providing a combustion apparatus with a glycerol combustion chamber that facilitates reflective heating, pre-heating the glycerol combustion chamber, atomizing the reduced viscosity glycerol, and combining the atomized glycerol with air in the glycerol combustion chamber to thereby completely combust the glycerol. In one embodiment, such as when using a pressure-atomizing nozzle, the inventive method may further comprise treating the glycerol to reduce the glycerol viscosity.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner and method uses a low oxygen concentration gas as a transporting gas for a low grade solid fuel such as brown coal or the like, provides for accelerating ignition of the fuel and for preventing slugging caused by combustion ash. Mixing of fuel and air inside a fuel nozzle 11 is accelerated by an additional air nozzle 12 and a separator 35 for separating a flow passage, arranged in the fuel nozzle 11, and an exit of the additional air nozzle 12 is set at a position that overlaps with the separator 35. Additional air is ejected in a direction nearly perpendicular to a flow direction of a fuel jet flowing through the fuel nozzle 11. The amount of air from the additional air nozzle 12 is varied corresponding to a combustion load, in order to assure stable burning of the fuel, and, to suppress radiant heat received by structures of the solid fuel burner and walls of the furnace.

Abstract: One or more auxiliary plasma torches are provided to a waste processing plant at strategic locations within the chamber and directed towards the waste column. When a bridge forms within the chamber the auxiliary plasma torches may be operated such as to provide an additional heat source where needed, quickly heating the organic solids, which thus pass through the bituminsation and charcoal formation stages quickly. The additional heat source may be in the neighborhood of the bridge, but may also be near the bottom end of the chamber, in which case the additional temperature at the bottom of the chamber effectively moves the combustion and gasification zones for the charcoal to a higher part of the chamber, altering the temperature profile. The heat source also enables the inorganic wastes to be heated rapidly to pass beyond the melting stage relatively quickly.

Abstract: A control system for controlling the storing, feeding and burning of a pulverized fuel in a glass melting furnace, wherein a series of burners are arranged one in front of the other to carry out combustion and non-combustion cycles during a glass melting process. Pulverized fuel feeding systems are provided, which are filled up and emptied out with the pulverized material for providing a constant flow of the pulverized fuel to each of the burners dunng the glass melting process. The control system including control means for monitoring and controlling the filled up and discharge out of said pulverized fuel feeding system based on the measurement and monitoring of the amount of pulverized fuel that is being storaged and feeded by the pulverized fuel feeding system. Control means are provided for monitoring at least one operating variable involved on the glass melting furnace, the control means detecting a series of different variable during the glass melting process.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the operation of a furnace. A furnace generally includes a boiler having a combustion zone, a plurality of burners burning a mixture of fuel and air in the combustion zone producing a gaseous by-product, and an electrostatic precipitator in fluid communication with the boiler removing particulates from the gaseous by-products. The method includes the steps of monitoring operating conditions of the electrostatic precipitator on a section-by-section basis, and controlling a select one or more of the burners based upon the section-by-section monitored operating conditions.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the thermal degradation of refuse, garbage and other waste material in which the waste material stream is reacted with air or oxygen in a reaction chamber for pyrolysis, destructive distillation or incineration of the waste material. The released thermal energy, spatial temperature distribution or outlet gas temperature is measured and used to control a feeder which supplies particles of a supplemental fuel, itself recovered from a waste material separate from the waste material stream, to the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A facility for reclaiming useful products from solid municipal and hazardous waste uses a rotary kiln to convert the material into a stream of inorganic ash and a stream of gaseous combustion products. The stream of combustion products passes in heat exchange relation to unburned waste and produces a stream of volatile carbon compounds which are deficient in oxygen. The streams of combustion products and volatile carbon compounds are converted in a plasma arc generator into a stream of hot, disassociated atoms. The stream of hot gas is cooled by passage through one or more heat exchangers that reclaim process heat. The stable compounds that are produced are hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The process is controlled by monitoring carbon dioxide in the carbon monoxide stream. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be used separately or combined, as in a methanol synthesis plant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to control the burning of a lean hydrocarbon containing gas stream under stable conditions using a combination of control logic and hardware. Temperature within the combustor is controlled by using a plurality of staging valves that adjust the amount of oxygen and auxiliary fuel supplied to the combustor burner. Oxygen level is controlled by using actuated butterfly valves that control the flow of primary air to the combustor. The system has pressure control valves for anticipating and compensating for pressure changes and resulting air flow changes as well as temperature monitors and transmitters for anticipating and correcting temperature drops.

Abstract: An incinerator (200)is provided for burning combustible refuse (16) in a primary combustion chamber (2) that has an outlet (50) for exhaust heat (30) and an inlet (28) for receiving refuse (16) and an inlet (36) for receiving a mixture of pressurized oxygen and pressurized hydrogen at respective rates correlated to create a burn temperature within chamber (2) of at least 4000.degree. F. to provide exhaust heat that is more environmentally acceptable.

Abstract: A livestock incinerator is provided, and includes a compartment or incineration chamber defined by opposite sidewalls, opposite end walls, a bottom wall, and an open top which is selectively closed by a plurality of lids pivotally connected to the walls of the incinerator. The interior of the incinerator is lined with firebricks, including all the walls and the lids. The firebricks are secured in place by a plurality of T-shaped brackets which define channels for receiving the edges of the firebricks. A primary burner is operatively connected to the incinerator for heating the chamber such that the carcasses burn to ashes. An exhaust stack is connected to one of the lids, and includes an afterburner for further combusting the products of combustion from the chamber so as to prevent atmospheric pollution. The primary burner and afterburner are operatively connected in series so that if one burner fails to operate, the other burner will automatically cease operation.

Abstract: The waste incinerating system of Nichols U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,312 issued Sep. 16, 1975 is improved to prevent decreases in combustion temperature to an extent such that there is a danger of flame-out and consequent choking of the furnace chamber with wastes fed into such furnace chamber for incineration. A substantially immediately responsive, radiation sensing control, normally in the form of a standard radiation pyrometer focused on a radiation-responsive target in the furnace chamber, is incorporated in the system to augment fuel supply substantially immediately when required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of regulating, for the purpose of burning soda-ash in a recovery boiler furnace, the feeding-in or combustion conditions of concentrated spent liquors of varying chemical and physical properties by measuring some physical property of a liquor fed into the recovery boiler furnace and by regulating the feeding-in and combustion conditions directly on the basis of the thus measured physical properties. According to the invention, the maximum swelling, upon heating, of a dry-matter particle of the liquor fed into the recovery boiler furnace is measured. On the basis of this measurement the temperature, pH value, or injection pressure of the liquor fed into the furnace, or the height of the injection point or the direction of injection, or the feeding of air into the furnace is adjusted directly on the basis of the maximum swelling measurement.

Abstract: A waste fuel incineration process and system operates at very high temperatures with excess under fire air for high efficiency combustion of waste as a fuel and for decomposition of any toxic waste. The system is applicable for clean burning volume reduction of waste and for power generation and co-generation of heat. The control elements are constructed and arranged and the control circuit programmed for maintaining the primary combustion temperature at a target temperature selected in the range of approximately 1600.degree.-1800.degree. F. (871.degree.-982.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for modulating the firing temperature in a rotary kiln. The method comprises determining the absolute content of one or more inorganic constituents present in the coal feed for determining the total ash content in the coal. In the event that the temperature in the kiln is different from the required temperature, then a sweetner fuel is fed to the burner with or without a change in the flow of coal. Alternatively, only the amount of flow of coal to the burner is reduced or increased.

Abstract: Complete incineration of combustible radioactive wastes in the combustor can be regulated in the manner of controlling the flow rate of supplemental fuel fed to the combustor so that the outlet gas temperature of the combustor may be maintained at the set temperature; and increasing or decreasing the supply amount of wastes in response to said increase or decrease of said flow rate.

Abstract: The flow rate of multiple fuel streams supplied to an incinerator are controlled so as to provide maximum temperature and heat release conditions in the incinerator that will allow complete combustion of hazardous waste fuel. In addition, a minimum temperature for the incinerator is maintained by manipulating the flow rate of an auxiliary fuel such as natural gas, that is also supplied to the incinerator. In use, a control signal for manipulating a waste fuel flow is selected as the lowest signal of signals representative of a maximum temperature for the incinerator, a maximum heat release rate for the incinerator, a maximum heat release rate for a particular waste fuel, a maximum pressure for the incinerator, and the combustion air available.

Abstract: A two-stage starved air furnace system is controlled to simultaneously achieve desired temperatures and percent stoichiometric air operation in the primary stage by modulating transformation relay functions acting upon measured temperature deviations to change both primary combustion air and primary auxiliary burner operation. At the set-point value of percent stoichiometric air, the relay functions are modulated in reverse direction to satisfy changing heat demands.

Abstract: A liquid waste feeding system to be used in conjunction with a solid waste, pyrolytic incinerator. The liquid waste is atomized and injected into the upper end portion of the pyrolysis chamber of the incinerator through a retractable nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly is automatically extended into the pyrolysis chamber during periods when the liquid waste is to be supplied to the incinerator, and is retracted to a location outside of the chamber when liquid waste is not being supplied. The feed rate of the liquid is controlled by the incinerator stack temperature and modulates between two temperature set points. At the upper set point, the feed rate decreases on temperature rise, which will occur when burning liquids with high BTU values. At the lower set point the feed rate decreases on temperature drop, to insure that minimum combustion temperatures are maintained in order to achieve complete burnout in the incinerator thermal reactor.

Abstract: A fume incinerator (10) and a method of operating same for eliminating combustible fumes from an oxygen bearing process gas stream (1). A first portion (11) of the oxygen bearing process gas (1) is passed to a burner (30) and serves as the source of oxygen for combusting an auxiliary fuel (9) to establish a flame front (28) within the incinerator. The remainder (13) of the process gas stream (1) is passed through the flame front for incineration of any obnoxious fumes contained therein.

Abstract: A feeding system for a starved-air combustor which enables the batch feeding of preselected weights of fuel into a combustion chamber of the starved-air combustor. The feeding system also blocks the entry of ambient air into the combustion chamber during the feeding of fuel to the chamber and can control the feeding of fuel into the combustion chamber in response to the orientation of a fuel-conveying auger in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Furnace performance is controlled during start-up or very low load operation at a time when the minimum air flow required to be supplied to the furnace is significantly greater than that required to burn the fuel being supplied to the furnace. Decreased furnace heat absorption is accomplished by supplying a larger quantity of the air immediately adjacent the fuel input location for the purpose of diluting the combustion gases and immediately decreasing their temperature level. Increased furnace heat absorption is obtained by introducing a greater portion of the air flow into the furnace at a location remote from the fuel being burned so that the gases at the fuel location remain at a high temperature, and transfer heat to the walls, before being diluted by the incoming air.

Abstract: A furnace system suitable for independent use and for retrofitting conventional central heating oil furnaces to permit controlled continuous and efficient combustion of fragmented wood type fuels. Wood chips or other fuel fragments are trickle fed into a refractory wood type combustion chamber. For retrofitting an oil furnace the oil burner gun is removed. A flame tube adapter couples the wood type fuel combustion chamber into the oil combustion chamber and heat exchanger plenum of the conventional furnace. The oil burner gun of the retrofitted furnace is used to ignite the wood chips or other fuel fragments during start up. A blower establishes forced draft. The furnace system includes automatic controls for sequencing operation of the elements of the retrofitting furnace system. An independent wood chip furnace system is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for pyrolytically treating municipal and other waste comprised of solid heat-decomposable material by radiative heating from an open flame and convective heating, the invention particularly provides for heat recovery of a substantial amount of initial energy input. In the several embodiments of the invention, the source of initial heat energy input can vary from gasification of renewable fuel such as wood chips and the like to burning of a primary fuel, such energy input being preferably augmented by burning of at least a portion of the gaseous pyrolytic decomposition gases produced by treatment of the waste. Heat generated during the process of pyrolyzing waste is also utilized to warm combustion air as well as recovered to the extent possible for heating purposes or for the accomplishment of useful work.

Abstract: An integrated fuel preparation and incinerator system and method for utilizing organic solid and semi-solid waste materials as a primary boiler fuel is provided. The organic waste fuel materials are refined to allow for improved combustion efficiency. Combinations of the organic fuel wastes with inorganic wastes are first dried to attain maximum thermal potential; and thereafter, special dry precombustion processing allows for the removal of undesirable inorganics, thereby reducing the adverse physical and chemical effects upon the process hardware.The organic waste fuels are further refined during drying to a constant moisture which enhances combustion flame stability and organic fuel burnout efficiency.

Abstract: A method of metering underfire air for increasing efficiency and reducing particulate emissions from wood-fire, spreader-stoker boilers is disclosed. A portion of the combustion air, approximately one pound of air per pound of wood, is fed through the grate into the fuel bed, while the remainder of the combustion air is distributed above the fuel in the furnace, and the fuel bed is maintained at a depth sufficient to consume all oxygen admitted under fire and to insure a continuous layer of fresh fuel thereover to entrap charred particles inside the fuel bed.

Abstract: Cyclonic furnace for efficient burning of such waste products as rubber tires or industrial or domestic refuse with minimum atmospheric pollution and high heat output has fixed circular hearth with central outlet for slag and ash discharge, material to be burnt being fed onto the hearth periphery; combustion air ports opening tangentially into its combustion chamber; and automatic control means regulating e.g. material infeed and inflow of combustion air including a facility for monitoring combustion conditions in the furnace, preferably by measurement of CO and CO.sub.2 levels, and comparing those conditions with previously recorded conditions automatically to predict changes and make anticipatory adjustments of the furnace controls giving extremely rapid control reaction and enabling combustion air requirements to be cut to a minimum, of which the following is a specification.

Abstract: A furnace control system to control burner operation of a multifuel furnace to reduce primary fuel consumption of either oil or gas of the multifuel furnace. The system controls a primary fuel to initially kindle a secondary fuel when the fire reaches a self-sustaining burning rate, the primary fuel is shut off but the burner fan continues to run to force a draft and insure complete combustion of the secondary fuel and the volatile gases. The furnace control system is utilized as original equipment manufacturer incorporated into the controls for a burner of a multifuel furnace or as a retrofit furnace control system to control the burner operation of the multifuel furnace.

Abstract: The following disclosure teaches ways and means for incinerating organic wastes in a multiple hearth furnace equipped with an afterburner. In the furnace, the wastes are pyrolyzed in an oxygen deficient atmosphere which is regulated to only partially complete the oxidation of the organic substances which are pyrolyzed from the wastes. In the afterburner, air is introduced to complete the oxidation of the partially oxidized substances carried by gases and vapors from the furnace. The air supply to the afterburner is controlled so that, at temperatures above a predetermined temperature, the quantity of air introduced is increased with increasing temperatures and is decreased with decreasing temperatures. In other words, the pyrolyzing furnace is caused to operate with a deficiency of air over its operating range, while the afterburner is caused to operate with excess air and the amount of excess air supplied is used to control the operating temperature by quenching.